Modified In Vivo Matrix Gel Plug Assay for Angiogenesis Studies

Summary

The method presented here can evaluate the effect of reagents on angiogenesis or vascular permeability in vivo without staining. The method uses dextran-FITC injection via the tail vein to visualize neo-vessels or vascular leakage.

Abstract

Several models have been developed to investigate angiogenesis in vivo. However, most of these models are complex and expensive, require specialized equipment, or are hard to perform for subsequent quantitative analysis. Here we present a modified matrix gel plug assay to evaluate angiogenesis in vivo. In this protocol, vascular cells were mixed with matrix gel in the presence or absence of pro-angiogenic or anti-angiogenic reagents, and then subcutaneously injected into the back of recipient mice. After 7 days, phosphate buffer saline containing dextran-FITC is injected via the tail vein and circulated in vessels for 30 min. Matrix gel plugs are collected and embedded with tissue embedding gel, then 12 µm sections are cut for fluorescence detection without staining. In this assay, dextran-FITC with high molecular weight (~150,000 Da) can be used to indicate functional vessels for detecting their length, while dextran-FITC with low molecular weight (~4,400 Da) can be used to indicate the permeability of neo-vessels. In conclusion, this protocol can provide a reliable and convenient method for the quantitative study of angiogenesis in vivo.

Introduction

Angiogenesis, the process of formation of neo-vessels from pre-existing vessels, plays a critical role in many physiological and pathological processes, such as embryonic development, wound healing, atherosclerosis, tumor development, etc.^1,2,3,4,5. This dynamic process involves several steps, including the degradation of the matrix, vascular cell proliferation, migration and self-organization to form tubular structures and the stabilization of the neo-vessels⁶. Promoting angiogenesi....

Protocol

All procedures involving animal subjects were approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC) of Wenzhou Medical University (XMSQ2021-0057, July 19^th, 2021). All reagents and consumables are listed in the Table of Materials.

1. Culture medium preparation

1. 10x M199 culture medium: Dissolve M199 powder to 10x concentration with 90 mL of deionized water and add 10 mL of fetal bovine serum (FBS), then pass through a 0.22 &.......

Discussion

We present a reliable and convenient method for the quantitative evaluation of angiogenesis in vivo without staining. In this protocol, vascular cells were mixed with matrix gel in the presence of pro-angiogenic or anti-angiogenic reagents, and then subcutaneously injected into the back of Nu/Nu mice to form gel plug (Figure 1). After 7 days of gel plug formation, dextran-FITC was intravenously injected and circulated for 30 min. The gel plug was collected and embedded with tissue e.......

Materials

Name	Company	Catalog Number	Comments
Adhesion Microscope Slides	CITOTEST	188105
Anesthesia System	RWD	R640-S1
Cell Counter	Invitrogen	AMQAX1000
Cell Culture Dish	Corning	430167
Cryoslicer	Thermo Fisher	CryoStar NX50
Dextrans-FITC-150kDa	WEIHUA BIO	WH007N07
Dextrans-FITC-4kDa	WEIHUA BIO	WH007N0705
Embedding Cassettes	CITOTEST	80203-0007
Endothelial Cell Medium	ScienCell	35809
Endothelial Growth Supplements	ScienCell	1025
Fetal Bovine Serum	Gibco	10100147C
Fibroblast Growth Factor 1	AtaGenix	9043p-082318-A01	FGF1
Fluorescence Microscope	Nikon	ECLIPSE Ni
Heating Pad	Boruida	30-50-30
Insulin Syringe	BD	300841
Isoflurane	RWD	R510-22-10
Laboratory Balance	Sartorius	BSA124S-CW
Matrigel	Corning	356234	Matrix gel
Medium 199 powder	Gibco	31100-035
Microtubes	Axygen	MCT-150-C
Optimal Cutting Temperature (OCT) Compound	SUKURA	4583	Tissue embedding gel
Palmitate Acid	KunChuang	KC001
Penicillin-Streptomycin Liquid	Solarbio	P1400
Phosphate Buffer Saline	Solarbio	P1022
Surgical Instruments	RWD	RWD
Tail Vein Injection Instrument	KEW BASIS	KW-XXY
Trypsin-EDTA Solution	Solarbio	T1320
Ultra-Low Temperature Freezer	eppendorf	U410
Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor	CHAMOT	CM058-5HP	VEGF