Microdissection and Immunofluorescence Staining of Myocardial Sleeves in Murine Pulmonary Veins

Summary

This protocol demonstrates microscopy-guided isolation and immunofluorescence staining of murine pulmonary veins. We prepare tissue samples containing the left atrium, pulmonary veins, and the corresponding lungs and stain them for cardiac Troponin T and Connexin 43.

Abstract

Pulmonary veins (PVs) are the major source of ectopic beats in atrial arrhythmias and play a crucial role in the development and progression of atrial fibrillation (AF). PVs contain myocardial sleeves (MS) composed of cardiomyocytes. MS are implicated in the initiation and maintenance of AF, as they preserve similarities to the cardiac working myocardium, including the ability to generate ectopic electrical impulses. Rodents are widely used and may represent excellent animal models to study the pulmonary vein myocardium since cardiomyocytes are widely present all over the vessel wall. However, precise microdissection and preparation of murine PVs is challenging due to the small organ size and intricate anatomy.

We demonstrate a microscopy-guided microdissection protocol for isolating the murine left atrium (LA) together with the PVs. Immunofluorescence staining using cardiac Troponin-T (cTNT) and connexin 43 (Cx43) antibodies is performed to visualize the LA and PVs in full length. Imaging at 10x and 40x magnification provides a comprehensive view of the PV structure as well as detailed insights into the myocardial architecture, particularly highlighting the presence of connexin 43 within the MS.

Introduction

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common sustained arrhythmia¹. The prevalence of AF is increasing even further with an expected number of ~17.9 million patients in Europe in 2060¹. AF is clinically highly important since it is an essential risk factor for the development of myocardial infarction, heart failure, or stroke, resulting in an enormous individual, social, and socioeconomic burden¹. Even though AF has been known for decades, the pathophysiology of AF is still not fully understood².

Already in the late 1990s, studies demonstrated the....

Protocol

Animal care and all experimental procedures were conducted following the guidelines of the Animal Care and Ethics Committee of the Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, and all the procedures using mice were approved by the Regierung von Oberbayern (ROB 55.2-2532. Vet_02-20-215, ROB 55.2-2532. Vet_02-18-46, ROB 55.2-2532. Vet_02-19-86, ROB 55.2-2532. Vet_02-21-178, ROB 55.2-2532. Vet_02-22-170). C57BL6/N mice were commercially obtained.

1. Preparation

1. Prepare a .......

Discussion

With this protocol, we share a method to distinguish and isolate the PVs of the mouse heart and perform immunofluorescence staining on them. After the organ harvest, the heart and lungs were dehydrated in sterilized sucrose solution, followed by separating the ventricles from the atrium and lung lobes under microscopic guidance. Afterwards, the heart base was prepared to visualize the PVs followed by cutting them from the lungs at the hilum. The subsequent immunofluorescence staining was performed using a cryotechnique b.......

Materials

Name	Company	Catalog Number	Comments
Adhesion slides	Epredia	10149870
AF568-secondary antibody	Invitrogen	A11036	Host: Goat, Reactivity: Rabbit
Agarose	Biozym LE	840104
Alexa Fluor 488-secondary antibody	Cell Signaling Technology	4408S	Host: Goat, Reactivity: Mouse
Anti-Connexin 43 /GJA1 antibody	Abcam	ab11370	Polyclonal Antibody, Clone: GJA1, Host: Rabbit
Anti-cTNT antibody	Invitrogen	MA5-12960	Monoclonal Antibody, Clone: 13-11, Host: Mouse
Bovine serum albumin	Sigma-Aldrich	A2153
Brush	Lukas	5486	size 6
Cover slips	Epredia		24 mm x 50 mm
Cryotome Cryo Star NX70	Epredia		Settings: Specimen temperature: -18 °C, Blade Temperature: -25 °C
DFC365FX camera	Leica
DM6 B fluorescence microscope	Leica
Dry ice
Dubecco's phosphate-buffered saline (DPBS) 1x conc.	Gibco	14040133	500 mL
Dumont #5FS Forceps	F.S.T.	91150-20	2 pieces needed
Fine Scissors	F.S.T.	14090-09
Fluorescence mounting medium	DAKO	S3023
Graefe Forceps	F.S.T.	11052-10
Hoechst 33342	Invitrogen	H3570	Cell nuclei counterstaining
ImageJ	FIJI		analysis and processing software
LAS X	Leica		Imaging software for Leica DM6 B
Microtome blades S35	Feather	207500000
Microwave
Normal goat serum	Sigma-Aldrich	S26-M
O.C.T. compound	Tissue-Tek	4583
Paraformaldehyde 16%	Pierce	28908	methanol-free
Pasteur pipettes	VWR	612-1681
Petri dish	TPP	93100	100 mm diameter
Rocker 3D digital	IKA Schüttler	00040010000
Slide staining jars	EasyDip	M900-12
Specimen Molds	Tissue-Tek Cryomold	4557	25 mm x 20 mm x 5 mm
StainTray M920 staining system	StainTray	631-1923	Staining system for 20 slides
Sterican Needle	Braun	4657705	G 27 - used for injection (step 2) and pinning (step 3 and 4) in the protocol
Student Vannas Spring Scissors	F.S.T.	91500-09
Super PAP Pen Liquid Blocker	Super PAP Pen	N71310-N
Syringes	Braun	4606108V	10 mL
Tris base	Roche	TRIS-RO	component for 1x Tris-Buffered Saline (TBS)
Triton X-100	Sigma-Aldrich	T8787
Tween 20	Sigma-Aldrich	P2287