Sub-Retinal Delivery of Human Embryonic Stem Cell Derived Photoreceptor Progenitors in rd10 Mice

Summary

We describe a detailed protocol for the preparation of post-cryopreserved hESC-derived photoreceptor progenitor cells and the sub-retinal delivery of these cells in rd10 mice.

Abstract

Regeneration of photoreceptor cells using human pluripotent stem cells is a promising therapy for the treatment of both hereditary and aging retinal diseases at advanced stages. We have shown human recombinant retina-specific laminin isoform matrix is able to support the differentiation of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) to photoreceptor progenitors. In addition, sub-retinal injection of these cells has also shown partial restoration in the rd10 rodent and rabbit models. Sub-retinal injection is known to be an established method that has been used to deliver pharmaceutical compounds to the photoreceptor cells and retinal pigmented epithelial (RPE) layer of the eye due to its proximity to the target space. It has also been used to deliver adeno-associated viral vectors into the sub-retinal space to treat retinal diseases. The sub-retinal delivery of pharmaceutical compounds and cells in the murine model is challenging due to the constraint in the size of the murine eyeball. This protocol describes the detailed procedure for the preparation of hESC-derived photoreceptor progenitor cells for injection and the sub-retinal delivery technique of these cells in genetic retinitis pigmentosa mutant, rd10 mice. This approach allows cell therapy to the targeted area, in particular the outer nuclear layer of the retina, where diseases leading to photoreceptor degeneration occur.

Introduction

Inherited retinal diseases and age-related macular degeneration lead to photoreceptor cell loss and eventual blindness. The retinal photoreceptor is the outer segment layer of the retina comprised of specialized cells responsible for phototransduction (i.e., conversion of light to neuronal signals). The rod and cone photoreceptor cells are adjacent to the retinal pigmented layer (RPE)¹. Photoreceptor cell replacement therapy to compensate the cell loss has been an emerging and developing therapeutic approach. Embryonic stem cells (ESCs)^2,3,4, induced p....

Protocol

The in vivo experiments were done in accordance with the guidelines and protocol approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of SingHealth (IACUC) and the Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology (ARVO) Statement for the use of animals in Ophthalmic and Vision Research. The pups were immunosuppressed from P17 (pre-transplantation) to P30 (post-transplantation) by feeding them drinking water containing cyclosporine (260 g/L).

1. Preparation of Day 32 h.......

Discussion

The sub-retinal injection has been used for cell suspension transplantation to treat RPE and retinal diseases^{23,25,26,27,28,31,40}. This approach is highly essential in rodent studies not only for cell transplantation and gene therapy approaches but also to evaluate novel therapeutic compound.......

Materials

Name	Company	Catalog Number	Comments
0.3% Tobramycin	Novartis	NDC  0078-0813-01	Tobrex (3.5 g)
0.3% Tobramycin and 0.1% Dexamethasone	Novartis	NDC 0078-0876-01	Tobradex (3.5 g)
0.5% Proparacaine hydrochloride	Alcon	NDC 0998-0016-15	0.5% Alcaine (15 mL)
1 mL Tuberculin syringe	Turemo	SS01T2713
1% Tropicamide	Alcon	NDC 0998-0355-15	1% Mydriacyl (15 mL)
2.5% Phenylephrine hydrochloride	Alcon	NDC 0998-0342-05	2.5% Mydfrin (5 mL)
24-well tissue culture plate	Costar	3526
30 G Disposable needle	Becton Dickinson (BD)	305128
33 G, 20 mm length blunt needles	Hamilton	7803-05
Automated Cell Counter	NanoEnTek	Model: Eve
B27 without Vitamin A	Life Technologies	12587001	2%36
Buprenorphine	Ceva		Vetergesic vet (0.3 mg/mL)
CKI-7	Sigma	C0742	5 µM36
Cyclosporine	Novartis		260 g/L in drinking water
Day 32 hESC-derived photoreceptor progenitor cells	DUKE-NUS Medical School		Human embryonic stem cells are differentiated for 32 days. See protocol in Ref 36.
Gauze	Winner Industries Co. Ltd.	1SNW475-4
Glasgow Minimum Essential Medium	Gibco	11710–035
hESC cell line H1	WiCell Research Institute	WA01
Human brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)	Peprotech	450-02-50	10 ng/mL36
Human ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF)	Prospec-Tany Technogene	CYT-272	10 ng/mL36
Ketamine hydrochloride (100 mg/mL)	Ceva Santé Animale	KETALAB03
LN-521	Biolamina	LN521-02	1 µg36
mFreSR	STEMCELL Technologies	5854
Microlitre glass syringe (10 mL)	Hamilton	7653-01
N-[N-(3,5-difluorophenacetyl-L-alanyl)]-S-phenylglycine t-butyl ester (DAPT)	Selleckchem	S2215	10 µM36
N-2 supplement	Life Technologies	A13707-01	1%36
Non-essential amino acids (NEAA)	Gibco	11140–050	1x36
NutriStem XF Media	Satorius	05-100-1A
Operating microscope	Zeiss	OPMI LUMERA 700	With Built-in iOCT function
PRDM (Photoreceptor differentiation medium, 50ml)	DUKE-NUS Medical School		See media composition36. Basal Medium, 10 µM DAPT, 10 ng/mL BDNF, 10 ng/mL CNTF, 0.5 µM Retinoic acid, 2% B27 and 1% N2. Basal Medium: 1x GMEM, 1 mM sodium pyruvate, 0.1 mM B-mercaptoethanol, 1x Non-essential amino acids (NEAA).
Pyruvate	Gibco	11360–070	1 mM36
Rd10 mice	Jackson Laboratory	B6.CXB1-Pde6brd10/J mice	Gender: male/female, Age: P20 (injection), Weight: 3-6 g
Retinoic acid	Tocris Bioscience	0695/50	0.5 µM36
Round Cover Slip (12 mm)	Fisher Scientific	12-545-80
SB431542	Sigma	S4317	0.5 µM36
Vidisic Gel (10 g)	Dr. Gerhard Mann
Xylazine hydrochloride (20 mg/mL)	Troy Laboratories	LI0605
β-mercaptoethanol	Life Technologies	21985–023	0.1 mM36