Dual Extracellular Recordings in the Mouse Hippocampus and Prefrontal Cortex

Summary

This protocol outlines the use of a custom-designed recording device and electrodes to record local field potentials and investigate information flow in the mouse hippocampus and prefrontal cortex.

Abstract

The technique of recording local field potentials (LFPs) is an electrophysiological method used to measure the electrical activity of localized neuronal populations. It serves as a crucial tool in cognitive research, particularly in brain regions like the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex. Dual LFP recordings between these areas are of particular interest as they allow the exploration of interregional signal communication. However, methods for performing these recordings are rarely described, and most commercial recording devices are either expensive or lack adaptability to accommodate specific experimental designs. This study presents a comprehensive protocol for performing dual-electrode LFP recordings in the mouse hippocampus and the prefrontal cortex to investigate the effects of antipsychotic drugs and potassium channel modulators on LFP properties in these areas. The technique enables the measurement of LFP properties, including power spectra within each brain region and coherence between the two. Additionally, a low-cost, custom-designed recording device has been developed for these experiments. In summary, this protocol provides a means to record signals with high signal-to-noise ratios in different brain regions, facilitating the investigation of interregional information communication within the brain.

Introduction

Local field potentials (LFPs) refer to the electrical activity recorded from the extracellular space, reflecting the collective activity of a localized group of neurons. They exhibit a diverse range of frequencies, spanning from slow waves at 1 Hz to fast oscillations at 100 Hz or 200 Hz. Specific frequency bands have been associated with cognitive functions such as learning, memory, and decision making^1,2. Changes in LFP properties have been used as biomarkers for various neurological disorders, including dementia and schizophrenia^3,4. Analyzing LFP r....

Protocol

This study was approved by the Florey Animal Ethics Committee (The University of Melbourne, No. 22-025UM) in accordance with the Australian code for the care and use of animals for scientific purposes. C57BL/6 male mice (8 weeks), obtained from the Animal Resources Centre (Australia), were used for the present study.

1. Headstage design and fabrication

NOTE: The headstage PCB board is a compact 14 mm x 12 mm four-layer board designed to be placed directly on the animal's head. It utilizes a commercial amplifier chip (see Table of Materials), and all design and Gerber files are ....

Results

The results shown here demonstrate the effects of several drugs on local field potentials (LFPs) properties tested in four cohorts of C57BL/6 male mice (n = 8 for each cohort; age: 8 weeks; weight: 24.0 ± 0.42 g). The drugs tested included the antipsychotic drug clozapine, the potassium channel modulators 4-Aminopyridine (4-AP), and retigabine, as well as the control vehicle saline.

As shown in Figure 1, the mouse was placed in a small recording chamber and L.......

Discussion

The protocol presented here outlines the procedure for constructing a customized headstage specifically designed for the simultaneous recording of dual local field potentials (LFPs) in the hippocampus (HIP) and the prefrontal cortex (PFC). The detailed steps provided in this protocol offer sufficient information for researchers to thoroughly examine signal communication both within each region and between the HIP and PFC.

The custom-designed headstage utilizes a commercial amplifier chip. Whil.......

Materials

Name	Company	Catalog Number	Comments
Brass tube	Albion Alloys, USA	Inside diameter of 0.45 mm
Carprofen	Rimadyl, Pfizer Animal Health
Commercial amplifier chip	Intantech	RHD 2132
Control board	Intantech	RHD recording system
Dental cement	Paladur
Heat shrinks	Panduit	0.8 mm diameter
M1.2 stainless steel screw	Watch tools	Clock and watch screw
Multichannel socket connector	Harwin, AU	1.27 mm pitch, PCB socket
PFA-coated tungsten wires	A-M SYSTEMS, USA	Inside diameter of 150 µm
Phosphoric acid-based flux	Chip Quik	CQ4LF-0.5
Recording software	Intantech	RHX recording software
Stereotactic Frame	World Precision Instruments	Mouse stereotactic instrument
Super glue	UHU	Ultra fast