Intrathecal Vector Delivery in Juvenile Rats via Lumbar Cistern Injection

Summary

A surgical procedure is described to perform injections into the lumbar cistern of the juvenile rat. This approach has been used for the intrathecal delivery of gene therapy vectors, but it is anticipated that this approach can be used for a variety of therapeutics, including cells and drugs.

Abstract

Gene therapy is a powerful technology to deliver new genes to a patient for the treatment of disease, be it to introduce a functional gene, inactivate a toxic gene, or provide a gene whose product can modulate the biology of the disease. The delivery method for the therapeutic vector can take many forms, ranging from intravenous infusion for systemic delivery to direct injection into the target tissue. For neurodegenerative disorders, it is often desirable to skew transduction towards the brain and/or spinal cord. The least invasive approach to target the entire central nervous system involves injection into the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), allowing the therapeutic to reach a large fraction of the central nervous system. The safest approach to deliver a vector into the CSF is the lumbar intrathecal injection, where a needle is introduced into the lumbar cistern of the spinal cord. This technique, also known as a lumbar puncture, has been widely used in neonatal and adult rodents and in large animal models. While the technique is similar across species and developmental stages, subtle differences in size, structure, and elasticity of tissues surrounding the intrathecal space require accommodations in the approach. This article describes a method for performing lumbar puncture in juvenile rats to deliver an adeno-associated serotype 9 vector. Here, 25-35 µL of vector were injected into the lumbar cistern, and a green fluorescent protein (GFP) reporter was used to evaluate the transduction profile resulting from each injection. The benefits and challenges of this approach are discussed.

Introduction

The promise of viral-mediated gene therapies has finally been realized in recent years with the FDA approval of treatments for spinal muscular atrophy, retinal dystrophy, factor IX hemophilia, cancer, and more^1,2,3,4. Countless other therapeutics are currently in development. Gene therapy aims to deliver a therapeutic gene to a patient's cells. The products of this new gene can replace the missing activity from a deficient endogenous gene, inhibit a toxic gene, kill cancerous cells, or provide some other beneficial function.

Protocol

This study was approved by the Emory University Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC). Sprague-Dawley rats (28-30 days of age, mass in the range of about 90-135 g, males and females) were used in the present study.

1. Preparation of the vector

1. Thaw the AAV9 vector (see Table of Materials) on ice at the beginning of the procedure.
2. Centrifuge the microcentrifuge tube containing the vector briefly in a table-top centrifuge to e.......

Discussion

A wide variety of diseases affect the CNS. Providing a functional copy of the relevant gene via a viral vector is an attractive treatment strategy for those that are recessive and monogenic in nature, such as spinal muscular atrophy. However, the blood-brain barrier (BBB) excludes most gene therapy vectors given intravenously¹¹. Those that can cross the BBB, such as AAV9, must be given in high doses to overcome the vector loss due to peripheral transduction¹². The age is al.......

Materials

Name	Company	Catalog Number	Comments
200 µL filtered pipette tips	MidSci	PR-200RK-FL	Pipetting virus
AAV9-GFP	Vector Builder	P200624-1005ynr	AAV9 vector expressing GFP
Absorbable Suture with Needle Coated Vicryl Polyglactin 910 FS-2 3/8 Circle Reverse Cutting Needle Size 4 - 0 Braided	McKesson	J422H	Suture
Bench pad	VWR	56616-031	Surgery
Braintree Scientific Isothermal Pads, 8'' x 8''	Fisher Scientific	50-195-4664	Maintains body temperature
Buprenorphine	McKesson	1013922	Analgesic
Buprenorphine-ER (1 mg/mL)	Zoopharma		Extended-release analgesic
Cotton swabs	Fisher Scientific	19-365-409	Blood removal
Drape, Mouse, Clear Plastic, 12" x 12", with Adhesive Fenestration	Steris	1212CPSTF	Surgical drape
Dumont #5 Forceps	Fine Science Tools	11251-20	Forceps
Electric Blanket	CVS Health		CVS Health Series 500 Extra Long Heating Pad
Eppendorf Research plus, 1-channel pipette, variable, 20–200 µL	Eppendorf	3123000055	Pipetting virus
Fine Scissors	Fine Science Tools	14059-11	Curved surgical scissors
Friedman-Pearson Rongeurs	Fine Science Tools	16121-14	Laminectomy
Halsey Needle Holders	Fine Science Tools	12001-13	Needle driver
Insulin Syringes with Ultra-Fine Needle 12.7 mm x 30 G 3/10 mL/cc	BD	328431	Syringe
Isoflurane	McKesson	803250	Anesthetic
Isopropanol wipes	Fisher Scientific	22-031-350	Skin disinfection
Lidocaine, 1%	McKesson	239935	Local anesthesia
Microcentrifuge Tubes: 1.5mL	Fisher Scientific	05-408-137	Loading the syringe
Povidone-iodine	Fisher Scientific	50-118-0481	Skin disinfection
Scalpel Handle - #4	Fine Science Tools	10004-13	Scalpel blade holder
Sure-Seal Induction Chamber	Braintree Scientific	EZ-17	Anesthesia box
Surgical Blade Miltex Carbon Steel No. 11 Sterile Disposable Individually Wrapped	McKesson	4-111	#11 Scalpel blade
SYSTANE NIGHTTIME Eye Ointment	Alcon		Eye ointment
Trypan Blue	VWR	97063-702	Injection