Dendritic Spine Quantification Using an Automatic Three-Dimensional Neuron Reconstruction Software

Summary

Dendritic spines are post-synaptic compartments of most excitatory synapses. Alterations to dendritic spine morphology occur during neurodevelopment, aging, learning, and many neurological and psychiatric disorders, underscoring the importance of reliable dendritic spine analysis. This protocol describes quantifying dendritic spine morphology accurately and reproducibly using automatic three-dimensional neuron reconstruction software.

Abstract

Synaptic connections allow for the exchange and processing of information between neurons. The post-synaptic site of excitatory synapses is often formed on dendritic spines. Dendritic spines are structures of great interest in research centered around synaptic plasticity, neurodevelopment, and neurological and psychiatric disorders. Dendritic spines undergo structural modifications during their lifespan, with properties such as total spine number, dendritic spine size, and morphologically defined subtype altering in response to different processes. Delineating the molecular mechanisms regulating these structural alterations of dendritic spines relies on morphological measurement. This mandates accurate and reproducible dendritic spine analysis to provide experimental evidence. The present study outlines a detailed protocol for dendritic spine quantification and classification using Neurolucida 360 (automatic three-dimensional neuron reconstruction software). This protocol allows for the determination of key dendritic spine properties such as total spine density, spine head volume, and classification into spine subtypes thus enabling effective analysis of dendritic spine structural phenotypes.

Introduction

Dendritic spines are protrusions of dendrites often comprising the post-synaptic site of glutamatergic synapses^1,2. Dendritic spines are of particular interest in the field of synaptic plasticity. Spines are often altered when synaptic strength changes, becoming larger and stronger in long-term synaptic potentiation or smaller and weaker in long-term synaptic depression^3,4,5,6,7. Beyond synaptic plasticity, the profile of dendritic spines changes th....

Protocol

All animal procedures followed the US National Institutes of Health Guidelines Using Animals in Intramural Research and were approved by the National Institute of Mental Health Animal Care and Use Committee.

1. Preparation of fixed hippocampal slices

1. Anesthetize mice with an intraperitoneal injection of Ketamine/Xylazine (Ketamine: 100 mg/kg; Xylazine: 8 mg/kg). Validate anesthesia via tail pinch and affix mouse to perfusion plate.
2. Using large surgical sc.......

Discussion

This protocol details the specific steps of sample preparation, imaging, and the process of dendritic spine quantification and classification using three-dimensional reconstruction software. This software is a powerful tool capable of producing robust structural data that contributes to a diverse array of investigations. Throughout the process, there are some critical steps that make this protocol less of a methodological burden and enhance the overall output of the data. The method for labeling dendritic spines is one o.......

Materials

Name	Company	Catalog Number	Comments
518F Immersion Oil	Zeiss	444960-0000-000
Cryostat	Leica	CM3050S	For slice preparation
Fine Forceps	FST	11150-10
Hemostat Forceps	FST	13020-12
Large Surgical Scissors	FST	14002-16
LSM 880 Confocal Microscope	Zeiss	LSM 880
Microscope Cover Glass	Fisherbrand	12-541-035
Mini-Peristaltic Pump II	Harvard Apparatus	70-2027	For perfusions
Neurolucida 360	MBF Bioscience	v2022.1.1	Spine Analysis Software
Neurolucida Explorer	MBF Bioscience	v2022.1.1	Spine Analysis Software
OCT Compound	Sakura Finetek	4583	For cryostat sectioning
Paraformaldehyde (37%)	Fisherbrand	F79-1
Plan-Apochromat 63x/1.40 Oil DIC	Zeiss	440762-9904-000
Scalpel Blade	FST	10022-00
Small Surgical Scissors	FST	14060-09
Spatula	FST	10091-12
Sucrose	FIsherbrand	S5-500
Superfrost Plus Microslides	Diagger	ES4951+
Vectashield HardSet Mounting Medium	Vector Laboratories	H-1400-10