Bu araştırma Entegre Fotonik Mühendisliği Araştırma (cipher) proje yöneticisi olarak Dr J. Scott Rogers ile programda Merkezleri altında ABD Savunma Bakanlığı İleri Araştırma Projeleri Ajansı tarafından desteklenmektedir. Bu raporda yer alan bilgiler mutlaka pozisyon veya ABD Hükümeti ve resmi ciro politikası sonucuna varılamaz yansıtmamaktadır.

1. PDMS Microsphere Hazırlama (Küre I) <ol><li> Polidimetilsiloksan (PDMS) taban ve sertleştirici 60:1 arasında bir hacim oranında karıştırılır. </li><li> Silika fiber optik bir iplikçik, yaklaşık 2 cm uzunluğunda, ilk optik striptizci kullanarak plastik kaplama arındırılır. </li><li> Lif bir ucu ısıtılır ve uç çapı içinde ~ 25-50 mikron olan bir kök uç sağlamak için gerilir. </li><li> Fiber uç gerilmiş yaklaşık 2-4 mm&#39;lik bir uzunluk ile PDMS karışım içine daldırılır ve sonra da dışarı çekilir. </li><li> PDMS karışımın yüzey gerilimi ve ağırlık silis elyaf ucunda bir küre oluşumuna izin verir. Kürenin boyutu uzunluk ve daldırma çıkarma hızı ile kontrol edilir. Aralığında, bu iki parametre, küre çapı değiştirilerek 100 um - 1000 mikron elde edilebilir. </li><li> ° C 4 saat poli uygun kür sağlamak için mikroküre / Rekoru sonra ~ 90 bir fırında yerleştirilirmer malzeme (çapraz bağlantılı zincir oluşturmak üzere). Şekil 1a&#39;da küre I e sahip bir şemasıdır </li></ol> 2. PDMS tabanlı Üçlü Katman Sphere Hazırlama (Sphere II) <ol><li> Bir 60:1 PDMS mikrosfer iç çekirdek olarak kullanılır. Yukarıdaki 1) &#39;de tanımlanan aynı adımlar bu işlem için takip edilir. </li><li> Baryum titanat eden bir karışım, (BaTiO 3) nano-parçacıklar ve 60:1 PDMS orta tabaka olarak kullanılır. 1,1 yukarıda anlatılan ile aynı şekilde) &#39;de hazırlanan PDMS karışım, baryum titanat nano-partiküller ile karıştırılır. </li><li> 2.1 &#39;de tanımlanan PDMS mikrosfer çekirdek) daha sonra kapla (~ 10 um arasında bir tabaka nominal kalınlığı ile) PDMS baryum-titanat karışımı ile muamele edilmektedir. </li><li> Daha sonra, iki tabaka küre ~ 90 ° C &#39;de, ikinci tabaka arasında sertleşmesi için izin vermek için, 4 saat boyunca bir fırın içinde yerleştirilir. </li><li> Iki tabaka küre tedavi edildikten sonra, bu yine bir dış kaplama (üçüncü tabaka) sağlamak için 60:1 PDMS bir karışım batırılır. Bu dıştakikatman küresel optik kılavuzu (~ 10 mikron kalınlığında) olarak hizmet vermektedir. Şekil 1b Küre II şematik olduğunu. </li></ol> 3. Silika / PDMS Microsphere Preparasyon (Küre III) <ol><li> Silis tek modlu fiber optik A ~ 3 cm uzunluğunda bölümde ilk olarak tampon (plastik) kaplama arındırılır ve sonra ucu bir mikro-meşale (birlikte kaplama ve çekirdek ile) kullanılarak eritilir. Yüzey gerilimi ve yerçekimi bir küre içine eritilmiş ucu şekillendirmek için birlikte çalışır. 200 ila 500 mikron arasında değişen çaplara sahip küreler bu işlem ile elde edilebilir. </li><li> Silika mikroküre sonra ~ 50 mikron bir kat ile kapak (sertleştirici hariç) PDMS tabanının banyosuna batırılır. Bu dış tabaka bir oranda viskoz Bingham (verim-stres) sıvı olarak kalır. Şekil 1c Küre III şematik olduğunu. </li></ol> 4. Fiber Optik Hazırlık <ol><li> Bir tek modlu fiber optik bir bölümü onun plastik cla arındırılıroptik striptizci kullanarak dding. O (kaplama ve fiber çekirdeğinde) erimiş kadar fiber mikro-meşale çizgili bölümünü kullanarak ısıtılır. </li><li> Orta bölüm erimiş iken, optik fiber bir ucundan yaklaşık 1 cm uzunluğunda fiber şevli bir kısım oluşturacak şekilde kendi ekseni boyunca çekilir. Isıtma süresi, çekme hızı ve mesafe 10 ile 20 mikron arasında değişmektedir konik kesitin çapı belirler. DFB lazer ışığı fiber konik bölümü ile küre haline birleştirilmiştir. Şekil 2, küre fiber bağlantı göstermektedir. </li></ol> 5. Optoelektronik Kurulumu <ol><li> Bir ayarlanabilir DFB lazer çıkışı bir ucunda bir tek modlu fiber optik içine birleştirilmiş ve Şekil 3&#39;te gösterildiği gibi, diğer ucunda, bir hızlı fotodiyot da sona erdirilir. </li><li> Fotodiyot çıkışı, analog-dijital çevirici (A / D) kullanılarak sayısallaştırılmış ve bir kişisel bilgisayar (PC) saklanır. </li><li&gt; Bir mikro çeviri aşama kullanılarak mikroküre (Tip I, II ya da III) bu iki elemanın arasındaki optik bağlantı sağlamak için optik fiber konik kesit (Şekil 2 ve 3) ile temas halinde getirilir. </li><li> DFB lazer lazer denetleyicisi tarafından ayarlanmıştır. Sırayla lazer denetleyicisi, bir testere dişi gerilim girişi sağlayan bir fonksiyon jeneratörü ile tahrik edilir. </li></ol> 6. Elektrik Alan Üretimi <ol><li> 1 mm kalınlığında olan iki kare pirinç plaka (2 x 2 cm) düzgün bir elektrik alan oluşturmak için kullanılır. Plakalar, bir gerilim kaynağına bağlı olan ve küre sensörler iki plaka (Şekil 4) arasındaki boşlukta yer alır. </li><li> Ölçüm hassasiyeti artırmak için, küre ilk 2 saat için 1 MV / m arasında bir elektrik alanı içinde kutupludur edilir. </li></ol>

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V. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Pressure+tuning+of+whispering+gallery+mode+resonators.">Pressure tuning of whispering gallery mode resonators.</a> Journal of optical society of America B. 24 (10), 2721-2726 (2007).</li><li>Ioppolo, T., &#214;t&#252;gen, M. V. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Effect+of+acceleration+on+the+morphology+dependent+optical+resonances+of+spherical+resonators.">Effect of acceleration on the morphology dependent optical resonances of spherical resonators.</a> Journal of optical society of America B. 28, 225-227 (2011).</li><li>Ayaz, U. K., Ioppolo, T., &#214;t&#252;gen, M. V. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Wall+shear+stress+sensor+based+on+the+optical+resonances+of+dielectric+microspheres.">Wall shear stress sensor based on the optical resonances of dielectric microspheres.</a> Measurement science and technology. 22, 075203 (2011).</li><li>Ioppolo, T., Ayaz, U. K., &#214;t&#252;gen, M. V. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Tuning+of+whispering+gallery+modes+of+spherical+resonators+using+an+external+electric+field.">Tuning of whispering gallery modes of spherical resonators using an external electric field.</a> Optics express. 17 (19), 16465-16479 (2009).</li><li>Ioppolo, T., Stubblefield, J., &#214;t&#252;gen, M. 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Biz ifşa etmek başka bir şey var.

Küreler başlangıçta bir DC yüksek gerilim kaynağına elektrotlar bağlayarak kutupludur edilir. Poling süresinin sonunda, elektrot potansiyel DC gerilim kaynağı ile kesilmiş ve Şekil 4 içinde gösterildiği gibi bir fonksiyon jeneratörü bağlanır. Sonuçları pozitif ve negatif elektrik alanlar (poling yönüne göre) sırasıyla küre uzama ve sıkıştırma yol açtığını 8 gösterisi ile Şekil 5&#39;te sunulmuştur. Tek katmanlı 60:1 PDMS olduğun...

<table border="1"><tbody><tr><td></td><td> Şirket </td><td> Katalog numarası </td><td> Yorumlar (isteğe bağlı) </td></tr><tr><td> PDMS </td><td> Dow Corning </td><td> Sylgard 184 </td><td></td></tr><tr><td> Silika lif </td><td> Fiber Enstrüman Satış </td><td> E-37AP15-FIS </td><td></td></tr><tr><td> Baryum Titanat (BaTiO 3) nanopartiküller </td><td> Sigma Aldrich </td><td> 467634-100G </td><td></td></tr><tr><td> Lazer Denetleyicisi </td><td> ILX Lightwave </td><td> LDC-3724B </td><td></td></tr><tr><td> DFB Lazer </td><td> Agere </td><td> Agere 2300 </td><td> 1.310 mikron merkez dalgaboyu </td></tr><tr><td> Photodiode </td><td> Thorlabs </td><td> PDA10CS </td><td></td></tr><tr><td> A / D kart </td><td> National Instruments </td><td> PXI 6115 </td><td></td>
 </tr>
 </tbody>
</table>

development of whispering gallery mode polymeric micro-optical electric field sensors

Dielektrik mikro boşlukların optik modları geniş bir uygulama aralığında potansiyel için son yıllarda büyük ilgi aldık. Optik modlar sık ​​(WGM) veya &quot;morfolojisi bağımlı rezonanslar&quot; (MDR) ve yüksek optik kalite faktörleri gösteren &quot;galeri modları fısıldayan&quot; olarak adlandırılır. Mikro-kavite optik rezonatörler Bazı önerilen uygulamalar spektroskopisi 1, mikro oyuk lazer teknolojisi 2, optik haberleşme 3-6 yanı sıra sensör teknolojisi bulunmaktadır. WGM tabanlı sensör uygulamaları biyoloji 7, iz gaz algılama 8 olanlar ve sıvılar 9 kirlilik algılama özelliği içerir. Mikroküre rezonatörler dayalı mekanik sensörler de kuvveti 10,11, basınç 12, hızlanma 13 ve duvar kayma gerilmesi 14 için olanlar dahil, ileri sürülmüştür. Günümüzde, bizim daha önceki araştırma konuların üzerine inşa bir WGM tabanlı elektrik alan sensörü, göstermekes 15,16. Bu sensör bir aday başvuru nöronal aksiyon potansiyelinin tespiti yer almaktadır. Elektrik alan sensor çok-katmanlı polimerik mikroküre dielektrik dayanmaktadır. Dış elektrik alan elastik deformasyon giden küreler (electrostriction etkisi) yüzey ve cisim kuvvetleri indükler. Küre morfolojisi bu değişiklik, WGM vardiya yol açar. Elektrik alanı ile indüklenen WGM vardiya lazer ışığı tarafından kürelerin heyecan verici optik modlar tarafından sorgulandı. Dağıtılmış bir geribildirim Işık (DFB) lazer (~ 1.3 mikron nominal dalgaboyu) tek modlu optik fiber konik bir bölümünü kullanarak mikroküreler içine yan birleştiğinde olduğunu. Küre taban malzemesi polidimetilsiloksan (PDMS) &#39;dir. Üç mikrosfer geometrileri kullanılır: baz-to-sertleştirici karışım ve bir hacımsal oranı 60:1 ile (1) PDMS küre, 60:1 PDMS göbek ile (2), çok katmanlı küre, inci dielektrik sabiti arttırmak içinE küre, baryum titanat değişen miktarda (hacimce% 2 ila% 10) ve 60:1 PDMS bir dış tabaka ve ince bir tabaka ile kaplı (3) katı silika küre ile karıştırılır 60:1 PDMS bir orta tabaka Kürlenmemiş PDMS tabanı. Sensörün her tür, şevli fiber lazer ışık yüksek optik kalite faktörü WGM (S ~ 10 6), dış tabakası içine bağlanmıştır. Mikrosferler elektrik alanı için kendi duyarlılığını artırmak için ~ 1 PD / m arasında elektrik alan bir kaç saat için kutupludur edilir.

Işık ile seyahat optik yol uzunluğu lazer dalga boyunun katları tamsayı olduğunda kürenin bir optik modu (WGM) lazer ışığı ile heyecanlı. Şekil 3&#39;te gösterilen düzenleme için, optik yol uzunluğu, sırasıyla, n ve r kürenin kırılma endeksi ve yarıçapının 2πrn, vardır. Geometrik optik yaklaşımı kullanarak, WGM koşulu sağlandığında 2πrn = lλ l bir tamsayıdır ve λ lazerin dalga boyu olduğu. DFB lazer küçük...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Development of Whispering Gallery Mode Polymeric Micro-optical Electric Field Sensors at JoVE.com

Development of Whispering Gallery Mode Polymeric Micro-optical Electric Field Sensors

Yüksek hassasiyete sahip fotonik mikro sensör elektrik alan tespiti için geliştirilmiştir. Sensörü, dielektrik küre optik modları patlatır. Dış elektrik alan perturb onun optik modları vardiya giden küre morfolojisi değişimi. Elektrik alan kuvveti bu optik kaymalar takip edilerek ölçülür.

Galeri Modu Polimerik Mikro-optik Elektrik Alan Sensörleri Whispering Gelişimi

Optical modes of dielectric micro-cavities have received significant attention in recent years for their potential in a broad range of applications. The ...

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13.0K Görüntüleme.  Southern Methodist University. Yüksek hassasiyete sahip fotonik mikro sensör elektrik alan tespiti için geliştirilmiştir. Sensörü, dielektrik küre optik modları patlatır. Dış elektrik alan perturb onun optik modları vardiya giden küre morfolojisi değişimi. Elektrik alan kuvveti bu optik kaymalar takip edilerek ölçülür.

Video: Development of Whispering Gallery Mode Polymeric Micro-optical Electric Field Sensors

Microwave Photonics Systems Based on Whispering-gallery-mode Resonators

Microwave photonics systems rely fundamentally on the interaction between microwave and optical signals. These systems are extremely promising for various areas of technology and applied science, such as aerospace and communication engineering, sensing, metrology, nonlinear photonics, and quantum optics. In this article, we present the principal techniques used in our lab to build microwave photonics systems based on ultra-high Q whispering gallery mode resonators. First detailed in this article is the protocol for resonator polishing, which is based on a grind-and-polish technique close to the ones used to polish optical components such as lenses or telescope mirrors. Then, a white light interferometric profilometer measures surface roughness, which is a key parameter to characterize the quality of the polishing. In order to launch light in the resonator, a tapered silica fiber with diameter in the micrometer range is used. To reach such small diameters, we adopt the "flame-brushing" technique, using simultaneously computer-controlled motors to pull the fiber apart, and a blowtorch to heat the fiber area to be tapered. The resonator and the tapered fiber are later approached to one another to visualize the resonance signal of the whispering gallery modes using a wavelength-scanning laser. By increasing the optical power in the resonator, nonlinear phenomena are triggered until the formation of a Kerr optical frequency comb is observed with a spectrum made of equidistant spectral lines. These Kerr comb spectra have exceptional characteristics that are suitable for several applications in science and technology. We consider the application related to ultra-stable microwave frequency synthesis and demonstrate the generation of a Kerr comb with GHz intermodal frequency.

The customized techniques developed in our lab to build microwave photonics systems based on ultra-high Q whispering gallery mode resonators are presented. The protocols to obtain and characterize these resonators are detailed, and an explanation of some of their applications in microwave photonics is given.

Mikrodalga Fotonik Sistemleri Whispering-galeri-mod Rezonatörler dayanarak

Microwave photonics systems rely fundamentally on the interaction between microwave and optical signals. These systems are extremely promising for various ...

Mühendislik

Real-Time DC-dynamic Biasing Method for Switching Time Improvement in Severely Underdamped Fringing-field Electrostatic MEMS Actuators

Mechanically underdamped electrostatic fringing-field MEMS actuators are well known for their fast switching operation in response to a unit step input bias voltage. However, the tradeoff for the improved switching performance is a relatively long settling time to reach each gap height in response to various applied voltages. Transient applied bias waveforms are employed to facilitate reduced switching times for electrostatic fringing-field MEMS actuators with high mechanical quality factors. Removing the underlying substrate of the fringing-field actuator creates the low mechanical damping environment necessary to effectively test the concept. The removal of the underlying substrate also a has substantial improvement on the reliability performance of the device in regards to failure due to stiction. Although DC-dynamic biasing is useful in improving settling time, the required slew rates for typical MEMS devices may place aggressive requirements on the charge pumps for fully-integrated on-chip designs. Additionally, there may be challenges integrating the substrate removal step into the back-end-of-line commercial CMOS processing steps. Experimental validation of fabricated actuators demonstrates an improvement of 50x in switching time when compared to conventional step biasing results. Compared to theoretical calculations, the experimental results are in good agreement.

The robust device design of fringing-field electrostatic MEMS actuators results in inherently low squeeze-film damping conditions and long settling times when performing switching operations using conventional step biasing. Real-time switching time improvement with DC-dynamic waveforms reduces the settling time of fringing-field MEMS actuators when transitioning between up-to-down and down-to-up states.

Real-Time DC-dinamik Öngerilimlenmesi Yöntem Ciddi Underdamped saçak-alanında Elektrostatik MEMS Eyleyiciler Zaman İyileştirme Anahtarlama

Mechanically underdamped electrostatic fringing-field MEMS actuators are well known for their fast switching operation in response to a unit step input ...

Characterization of Anisotropic Leaky Mode Modulators for Holovideo

Holovideo displays are based on light-bending spatial light modulators. One such spatial light modulator is the anisotropic leaky mode modulator. This modulator is particularly well suited for holographic video experimentation as it is relatively simple and inexpensive to fabricate1-3. Some additional advantages of leaky mode devices include: large aggregate bandwidth, polarization separation of signal light from noise, large angular deflection and frequency control of color1. In order to realize these advantages, it is necessary to be able to adequately characterize these devices as their operation is strongly dependent on waveguide and transducer parameters4. To characterize the modulators, the authors use a commercial prism coupler as well as a custom characterization apparatus to identify guided modes, calculate waveguide thickness and finally to map the device's frequency input and angular output of leaky mode modulators. This work gives a detailed description of the measurement and characterization of leaky mode modulators suitable for full-color holographic video.

This work describes fabrication and characterization of anisotropic leaky mode modulators for holographic video.

Holovideo için Eşyönsüz Çatlak Modu Modülatörleri Karakterizasyonu

Holovideo displays are based on light-bending spatial light modulators.  One such spatial light modulator is the anisotropic leaky mode modulator.  This ...

Stimulated Stokes and Antistokes Raman Scattering in Microspherical Whispering Gallery Mode Resonators

Dielectric microspheres can confine light and sound for a length of time through high quality factor whispering gallery modes (WGM). Glass microspheres can be thought as a store of energy with a huge variety of applications: compact laser sources, highly sensitive biochemical sensors and nonlinear phenomena. A protocol for the fabrication of both the microspheres and coupling system is given. The couplers described here are tapered fibers. Efficient generation of nonlinear phenomena related to third order optical non-linear susceptibility &#935;(3) interactions in triply resonant silica microspheres is presented in this paper. The interactions here reported are: Stimulated Raman Scattering (SRS), and four wave mixing processes comprising Stimulated Anti-stokes Raman Scattering (SARS). A proof of the cavity-enhanced phenomenon is given by the lack of correlation among the pump, signal and idler: a resonant mode has to exist in order to obtain the pair of signal and idler. In the case of hyperparametric oscillations (four wave mixing and stimulated anti-stokes Raman scattering), the modes must fulfill the energy and momentum conservation and, last but not least, have a good spatial overlap.

Efficient generation of nonlinear phenomena related to third order optical non-linear susceptibility &#935;(3) interactions in triply resonant silica microspheres is presented in this paper. The interactions here reported are: Stimulated Raman Scattering (SRS), and four wave mixing processes comprising Stimulated Anti-stokes Raman Scattering (SARS).

Mikrosferik Whispering Galeri Modu Rezonatörler içinde Uyarılmış Stokes ve Antistokes Raman saçılması

Dielectric microspheres can confine light and sound for a length of time through high quality factor whispering gallery modes (WGM). Glass microspheres ...

Fiber Optic Distributed Sensors for High-resolution Temperature Field Mapping

The reliability of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) codes is checked by comparing simulations with experimental data. A typical data set consists chiefly of velocity and temperature readings, both ideally having high spatial and temporal resolution to facilitate rigorous code validation. While high resolution velocity data is readily obtained through optical measurement techniques such as particle image velocimetry, it has proven difficult to obtain temperature data with similar resolution. Traditional sensors such as thermocouples cannot fill this role, but the recent development of distributed sensing based on Rayleigh scattering and swept-wave interferometry offers resolution suitable for CFD code validation work. Thousands of temperature measurements can be generated along a single thin optical fiber at hundreds of Hertz. Sensors function over large temperature ranges and within opaque fluids where optical techniques are unsuitable. But this type of sensor is sensitive to strain and humidity as well as temperature and so accuracy is affected by handling, vibration, and shifts in relative humidity. Such behavior is quite unlike traditional sensors and so unconventional installation and operating procedures are necessary to ensure accurate measurements. This paper demonstrates implementation of a Rayleigh scattering-type distributed temperature sensor in a thermal mixing experiment involving two air jets at 25 and 45 &#176;C. We present criteria to guide selection of optical fiber for the sensor and describe installation setup for a jet mixing experiment. We illustrate sensor baselining, which links readings to an absolute temperature standard, and discuss practical issues such as errors due to flow-induced vibration. This material can aid those interested in temperature measurements having high data density and bandwidth for fluid dynamics experiments and similar applications. We highlight pitfalls specific to these sensors for consideration in experiment design and operation.

We demonstrate use of a fiber optic distributed sensor for mapping the temperature field of mixing air jets. The Rayleigh scattering-based sensor generates thousands of data points along a single fiber to provide exceptional spatial resolution that is unattainable with traditional sensors such as thermocouples.

Yüksek çözünürlüklü Sıcaklık Alan Haritalama için Fiber Optik Sensörler Dağıtılmış

The reliability of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) codes is checked by comparing simulations with experimental data. A typical data set consists ...

Nanostructured Ag-zeolite Composites as Luminescence-based Humidity Sensors

Small silver clusters confined inside zeolite matrices have recently emerged as a novel type of highly luminescent materials. Their emission has high external quantum efficiencies (EQE) and spans the whole visible spectrum. It has been recently reported that the UV excited luminescence of partially Li-exchanged sodium Linde type A zeolites [LTA(Na)] containing luminescent silver clusters can be controlled by adjusting the water content of the zeolite. These samples showed a dynamic change in their emission color from blue to green and yellow upon an increase of the hydration level of the zeolite, showing the great potential that these materials can have as luminescence-based humidity sensors at the macro and micro scale. Here, we describe the detailed procedure to fabricate a humidity sensor prototype using silver-exchanged zeolite composites. The sensor is produced by suspending the luminescent Ag-zeolites in an aqueous solution of polyethylenimine (PEI) to subsequently deposit a film of the material onto a quartz plate. The coated plate is subjected to several hydration/dehydration cycles to show the functionality of the sensing film.

A protocol for the synthesis of moisture-responsive luminescent Ag-zeolite composites is described in this report.

Lüminesans merkezli Nem Sensörler olarak Nanostructured Ag-zeolit ​​kompozitler

Small silver clusters confined inside zeolite matrices have recently emerged as a novel type of highly luminescent materials. Their emission has high ...

Electric-field Control of Electronic States in WS2 Nanodevices by Electrolyte Gating

A method of carrier number control by electrolyte gating is demonstrated. We have obtained WS2 thin flakes with atomically flat surface via scotch tape method or individual WS2 nanotubes by dispersing the suspension of WS2 nanotubes. The selected samples have been fabricated into devices by the use of the electron beam lithography and electrolyte is put on the devices. We have characterized the electronic properties of the devices under applying the gate voltage. In the small gate voltage region, ions in the electrolyte are accumulated on the surface of the samples which leads to the large electric potential drop and resultant electrostatic carrier doping at the interface. Ambipolar transfer curve has been observed in this electrostatic doping region. When the gate voltage is further increased, we met another drastic increase of source-drain current which implies that ions are intercalated into layers of WS2 and electrochemical carrier doping is realized. In such electrochemical doping region, superconductivity has been observed. The focused technique provides a powerful strategy for achieving the electric-filed-induced quantum phase transition.

Electric-field Control of Electronic States in WS2 Nanodevices by Electrolyte Gating

Here, we present a protocol to control the carrier number in solids by using the electrolyte.

Elektrik alanı kontrol elektronik elektrolit çoğunluğuna tarafından WS2 Nanodevices durumlarda

A method of carrier number control by electrolyte gating is demonstrated. We have obtained WS2 thin flakes with atomically flat surface via scotch tape ...

Ultrasonic Fatigue Testing in the Tension-Compression Mode

Ultrasonic fatigue testing is one of a few methods which allow investigating fatigue properties in the ultra-high cycle region. The method is based on exposing the specimen to longitudinal vibrations on its resonance frequency close to 20 kHz. With use of this method, it is possible to significantly decrease the time required for the test, when compared to conventional testing devices usually working at frequencies under 200 Hz. It is also used to simulate loading of material during operation in high speed conditions, such as those experienced by components of jet engines or car turbo pumps. It is necessary to operate only in the high and ultra-high cycle region, due to the possibility of extremely high deformation rates, which can have a significant influence on the test results. Specimen shape and dimensions have to be carefully selected and calculated to fulfill the resonance condition of the ultrasonic system; thus, it is not possible to test the full components or specimens of arbitrary shape. Before each test, it is necessary to harmonize the specimen with the frequency of the ultrasonic system to compensate for deviations of the real shape from the ideal one. It is not possible to run a test until a total fracture of the specimen, since the test is automatically terminated after initiation and propagation of the crack to a certain length, when the stiffness of the system changes enough to shift the system out of the resonance frequency. This manuscript describes the process of evaluation of materials' fatigue properties at high-frequency ultrasonic fatigue loading with use of mechanical resonance at a frequency close to 20 kHz. The protocol includes a detailed description of all steps required for a correct test, including specimen design, stress calculation, harmonizing with the resonance frequency, performing the test, and final static fracture.

A protocol for ultrasonic fatigue testing in the high and ultra-high cycle region in axial tension-compression loading mode.

Ultrasonik yorgunluk gerginlik-sıkıştırma modunda test

Ultrasonic fatigue testing is one of a few methods which allow investigating fatigue properties in the ultra-high cycle region. The method is based on ...

Radio Frequency Magnetron Sputtering of GdBa2Cu3O7&#8722;&#948;/ La0.67Sr0.33MnO3 Quasi-bilayer Films on SrTiO3 (STO) Single-crystal Substrates

Here, we demonstrate a method of coating ferromagnetic La0.67Sr0.33MnO3 (LSMO) nanoparticles on (001) SrTiO3 (STO) single-crystal substrates by radio frequency (RF) magnetron sputtering. LSMO nanoparticles were deposited with diameters from 10 to 20 nm and heights between 20 and 50 nm. At the same time, (Gd) Ba2Cu3O7&#8722;&#948; ((Gd) BCO) films were fabricated on both undecorated and LSMO nanoparticle decorated STO substrates using RF magnetron sputtering. This report also describes the properties of GdBa2Cu3O7&#8722;&#948;/ La0.67Sr0.33MnO3 quasi-bilayer films structures (e.g., crystalline phase, morphology, chemical composition); magnetization, magneto-transport, and superconducting transport properties were also evaluated.

Radio Frequency Magnetron Sputtering of GdBa2Cu3O7ÃƒÂ¢Ã‹â€ &#039;ÃƒÅ½ ´/ La0.67Sr0.33MnO3 Quasi-bilayer Films on SrTiO3 STO Single-crystal Substrates

Here, we present a protocol to grow LSMO nanoparticles and (Gd) BCO films on (001) SrTiO3 (STO) single-crystal substrates by radio frequency (RF)-sputtering.

Radyo frekansı Magnetron GdBa2Cu3O7−δfışkırtması / La0,67Sr0,33MnO3 yarı bilayer Filmler SrTiO3 (STO) tek-kristal yüzeyler üzerinde

Here, we demonstrate a method of coating ferromagnetic La0.67Sr0.33MnO3 (LSMO) nanoparticles on (001) SrTiO3 (STO) single-crystal substrates by radio ...

Hybrid Printing for the Fabrication of Smart Sensors

A method to combine additively manufactured substrates or foils and multilayer inkjet printing for the fabrication of sensor devices is presented. First, three substrates (acrylate, ceramics, and copper) are prepared. To determine the resulting material properties of these substrates, profilometer, contact angle, scanning electron microscope (SEM), and focused ion beam (FIB) measurements are done. The achievable printing resolution and suitable drop volume for each substrate are, then, found through the drop size tests. Then, layers of insulating and conductive ink are inkjet printed alternately to fabricate the target sensor structures. After each printing step, the respective layers are individually treated by photonic curing. The parameters used for the curing of each layer are adapted depending on the printed ink, as well as on the surface properties of the respective substrate. To confirm the resulting conductivity and to determine the quality of the printed surface, four-point probe and profilometer measurements are done. Finally, a measurement set-up and results achieved by such an all-printed sensor system are shown to demonstrate the achievable quality.

Here we present a protocol for the fabrication of inkjet-printed multilayer sensor structures on additively manufactured substrates and foil.

Hibrid akıllı sensörler imalatı için yazdırma

A method to combine additively manufactured substrates or foils and multilayer inkjet printing for the fabrication of sensor devices is presented. First, ...