Name: a thrombotic stroke model based on transient cerebral hypoxia-ischemia
Uploaded: 2015-08-18T13:00:00.000+00:00
Duration: 6 min 1 s
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about A Thrombotic Stroke Model Based On Transient Cerebral Hypoxia-ischemia at JoVE.com

This study was supported by the NIH grant NS074559 (to C. K.). We thank all collaborators who contributed to our research articles that the present methodology report is based upon.

Bu protokol Emory Üniversitesi Kurumsal Hayvan Bakım ve Kullanım Komitesi (IACUC) tarafından onaylanmış ve Laboratuvar Hayvanları Bakım ve Kullanım Sağlık Talimatı&#39;nın Ulusal Enstitüleri izler. 1. Kur <ol><li> Ameliyat öncesi en az 15 dakika süreyle 37 ° C&#39;de ısı pompası ile bağlantılı ısınma pad cerrahi yatak hazırlayın. Cerrahi yatakta 3 ml şırınga varil kullanarak boyun rulo yerleştirin. Tıbbi havada% 2 izofluran ile anestezi gazı hazırlayın. </li><li> Otoklavlanmış forseps, makas, iğne mikro sahipleri, hemostat, pamuklu ve sütür hazırlayın. Doku yapıştırıcısı ve göz merhemi hazırlayın. </li><li> Isıtma lambası ve rektal prob ile hipoksi sistemi ve sıcaklık kontrol ayarlayın. % 92.5 N 2 göre dengeli 7.5% O 2% 2 izofluran ile hipoksi gazı hazırlayın. </li><li> Bir saat ameliyattan önce, fareler yavaş salınım Meloksikam (4.0 mg / kg) deri altından enjeksiyonu ile analgesized edilir. </li></ol> &lt;p class = &quot;jove_title&quot;&gt; 2. Geçici Serebral Hipoksi-iskemi (Şekil 1B) <ol><li> 10-13 haftalık erkek C57BL anestezisi / hayvan ayak sıkmak yanıt vermeyen ve daha sonra bir elektronik tıraş makinesi kullanarak doğru boyun saç kaldırmak kadar% 3 izofluran ile anestezi indüksiyon odasında 22 ila 30 g ağırlığındaki 6 fareleri. </li><li> 2 litre / dakika akış hızında, tıbbi hava içinde% 2 izofluran ile bağlantılı cerrahi yatak fareler yerleştirin. Güvenli ön ayakları tıbbi bant kullanarak yanlarda boyun rulo boyunca uzanmış. </li><li> Alkol ve daha sonra pamuklu tarafından takip betadin kesi cerrahi siteyi temizleyin. </li><li> Diseksiyon mikroskop altında düz bir forseps ve yaklaşık 0.2 cm orta hat cilt yanal mikro makas kullanarak 0.5 cm sağ servikal kesi yapmak. </li><li> Sağ karotis arter (RCCA) maruz fasya ve doku dışında çekin ince dişli forseps bir çift kullanın. Dikkatle ince yumuşak forseps bir çift kullanarak vagus sinirden RCCA ayrı. </li><li> Canlı RCCA üzerinde (serbestleştirilebilen) iki precut 5-0 ipek sütür düğüm, sonra 4-0 Naylon monofilament sütür (Şekil 1C) kullanarak cilt dikmek. </li><li> Kuruluğunu önlemek için her iki göze göz merhemi sürün. </li><li> Hızla hipoksi sistemine fareler aktarmak ve 30 dakika boyunca / 0.5-1 L akış hızında% 7.5% 2 izofluran ile yüz maskesi olarak min O 2 burun ve ağız koydu. <ol><li> Hipoksi sırasında, 37.5 ± 0.5 ° C&#39;de rektal sıcaklığı kontrol etmek için ısıtma lambalı sıcaklık kontrolörleri kullanın. / Dk 80-120 nefesler solunum hızını izleyin. hipoksi sırasında 37 ° C&#39;nin üzerinde vücut ısısı bakım tutarlı beyin enfarktüsü oluşturmak için önemlidir. Düşük solunum hızı genellikle 20 dakika hipoksi sonra olur. Yüz maskesi çıkarın ve solunum hızı Bu 1-2 dakika sürer ve 30 dakika hipoksi süresi içine sayılmaz 40&#39;a altına düşerse, normal hava girişini sağlar. </li></ol></li><li> Hipoksi sonra, aktarmakcerrahi yatağa fareler ve RCCA iki sütür serbest bırakın. Kafesine fareler dönün doku yapıştırıcı kullanarak yara kapatın ve. İki canlı knot hem beklenmedik hipoksi sonra yayımlanan ise hayvanların dışla. </li><li> Hipoksi ve anestezi kurtarmak için 5-10 dakika boyunca fareler izleyin. Kafeste ıslanan yiyecek koyun ve hayvan bakım tesisi iade. Not: Thi 24 saat sonra şiddetli çizerek davranışı hafif gösteren hayvanlar beyin kural ihlali ile ilişkilidir. Nöbet semptomları olan çoğu hayvanlar THI sonra 24 saat timepoint gelmeden ölmektedir. </li></ol> 3. Lazer Benek Kontrast Görüntüleme Not: Bu thi modelin önemli bir işlem değildir, ancak, iki boyutlu bir lazer benek kontrast görüntüleme sistemi 16 içinde ya da geçici hipoksi-iskemi sonrası beyin kan akışının (CBF) değişiklikleri karakterize etmek için kullanılabilir. St hemen sonra, THI altında rekor CBF değişiklikler belgelemek içinep 2.6. Alternatif olarak, bu işlemler adım 2.10 Aşağıdaki yapılabilir, THI hakaret sonra CBF kurtarma karşılaştırmak. <ol><li> Yüzüstü pozisyonda bir anestezi fare yerleştirin ve maruz ancak açılmamış kafatası ile saçlı deride 1 cm uzunluğunda orta hat kesi yapmak. </li><li> Üreticinin protokolüne göre bir kan akışı görüntüleyici altında hem serebral hemisferde CBF Monitör ve CCAO cerrahisi (adım 2.6) hemen sonra serebral kan akımını kaydetmeye başlayın. 50 dakika devam edin. </li><li> 16 renk paleti keyfi birimleri ile CBF görüntüyü göstermek ve gerçek zamanlı olarak analiz üreticinin talimatlarına (Şekil 2) Aşağıdaki MoorFLPI yazılımını kullanarak seçilen bölgeler. </li><li> CBF görüntüyü kaydettikten sonra, doku yapıştırıcısı ile kafa derisi kapatın ve kafesine hayvan dönün. </li></ol> 4. tPA İdaresi <ol><li> (220-300 ve kg yeniden birleştirici tPA / çözücü ya da 10 mg kuyruk damarından hayvanların enjekte956. 1 mg / m tPA) l, 0.5, 1 ya da tCCAo artı hipoksi sonra 4 saat sonra (Şekil 4). </li></ol> Birkaç Farklı Seçenekleri ile 5. Brain Damage Algılama Beyin örnekleri toplamak için Thi sonra 1, 4 veya 24 saatte fareler euthanize: Not. <ol><li> Açıklanan önceki olarak Thi hakaret sonra 24 saat in vivo 2,3,5-Triphenyltetrazolium klorür enfarktüs hacminin ölçümü yapın (TTC) yöntemi. 17 <ol><li> İntraperitoneal 1.4 M mannitol çözeltisi (~ 0.1 ml / g vücut ağırlığı) transcardial perfüzyon 30 dakika önce hayvanlara enjekte edilir. PBS ile perfüze Transcardial farenin% 2 TTC 10 ml eklenmiştir. </li><li> 10 dakika sonra, cerrahi aletler ile hayvanların beyin çıkarın ve bir vibratome 1 mm kalınlığında içine gece boyunca tespit ve bölüm için% 4 paraformaldehid içine koyun. </li><li> Dijital mikroskop ve kuvantı dört kesitli beyin slaytlar bir dizi çekinImageJ yazılımı kullanarak hasarsız, kontralateral yarımkürenin alanına enfarkte alana (sağ tarafta beyaz alan) oranı olarak enfarktüs hacmini ify. </li></ol></li><li> Alternatif olarak, THI hakaret sonra 1 saat sonra immünofloresans ile tromboz oluşumunu gerçekleştirin. <ol><li> Ekim bileşik ve bölüm bir Kriyostat kullanılarak 12 mikron kalınlığında beyinleri sabit beyin dondurun. </li><li> Bir floresan mikroskop üzerinde floresan gözlemlemek için: keçi anti-tavşan Alexa Floro 488 boya (200 1) ile: (1: 100), aşağıdaki tavşan anti-fibrinojen antikor ile beyin slayt inkübe edin. </li></ol></li><li> Alternatif olarak, thi akıntıdan sonra 4 saat sonra, 100 ul% 2 Evans mavi boya kuyruk damarı enjeksiyonu ile damar tıkanıklığı gerçekleştirin. <ol><li> Evans mavisi enjeksiyondan sonra% 4 paraformaldehid içine beyinleri kaldırmak için başını kesip hızla fareler Euthanize ve. Not: Hem fotoğrafların ön mavi renk ile Evans mavisi dolaşım için 5-10 dakika sürer ve bacaklarda gerisinde kalınmıştır. </li><li> Secti100 mikron kalınlığında sabit beyinleri üzerinde kayan bir mikrotom kullanılarak ve bir floresan mikroskop üzerinde 680 nm emisyon filtre kullanarak floresan gözlemleyin. </li></ol></li></ol>

<ol>
	<li>Broderick, J. P., Hacke, W. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Treatment+of+acute+ischemic+stroke:+Part+I:+recanalization+strategies.">Treatment of acute ischemic stroke: Part I: recanalization strategies.</a> Circulation. 106 (12), 1563-1569 (2002).</li><li>Hossmann, K. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Pathophysiological+basis+of+translational+stroke+research.">Pathophysiological basis of translational stroke research.</a> Folia Neuropathol. 47 (3), 213-227 (2009).</li><li>Hossmann, K. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+two+pathophysiologies+of+focal+brain+ischemia:+implications+for+translational+stroke+research.">The two pathophysiologies of focal brain ischemia: implications for translational stroke research.</a> J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab. 32 (7), 1310-1316 (2012).</li><li>Macrae, I. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Preclinical+stroke+research--advantages+and+disadvantages+of+the+most+common+rodent+models+of+focal+ischaemia.">Preclinical stroke research--advantages and disadvantages of the most common rodent models of focal ischaemia.</a> Br. J. Pharmacol. 164 (4), 1062-1078 (2011).</li><li>Niessen, F., Hilger, T., Hoehn, M., Hossmann, K. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Differences+in+clot+preparation+determine+outcome+of+recombinant+tissue+plasminogen+activator+treatment+in+experimental+thromboembolic+stroke.">Differences in clot preparation determine outcome of recombinant tissue plasminogen activator treatment in experimental thromboembolic stroke.</a> Stroke. 34 (8), 2019-2024 (2003).</li><li>Orset, C., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Mouse+model+of+in+situ+thromboembolic+stroke+and+reperfusion.">Mouse model of in situ thromboembolic stroke and reperfusion.</a> Stroke. 38 (10), 2771-2778 (2007).</li><li>Watson, B. D., Dietrich, W. D., Prado, R., Ginsberg, M. D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Argon+laser-induced+arterial+photothrombosis.+Characterization+and+possible+application+to+therapy+of+arteriovenous+malformations.">Argon laser-induced arterial photothrombosis. Characterization and possible application to therapy of arteriovenous malformations.</a> J. Neurosurgery. 66 (5), 748-754 (1987).</li><li>Sun, Y. Y., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Synergy+of+combined+tPA-edaravone+therapy+in+experimental+thrombotic+stroke.">Synergy of combined tPA-edaravone therapy in experimental thrombotic stroke.</a> PLoS One. 9, e98807 (2014).</li><li>Levine, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Anoxic-ischemic+encephalopathy+in+rats.">Anoxic-ischemic encephalopathy in rats.</a> Am. J. Pathol. 36, 1-17 (1960).</li><li>Rice, J. E. 3. r. d., Vannucci, R. C., Brierley, J. B. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+influence+of+immaturity+on+hypoxic-ischemic+brain+damage+in+the+rat.">The influence of immaturity on hypoxic-ischemic brain damage in the rat.</a> Annals Neurol. 9 (2), 131-141 (1981).</li><li>Vannucci, S. J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Experimental+stroke+in+the+female+diabetic,+db/db,+mouse.">Experimental stroke in the female diabetic, db/db, mouse.</a> J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab. 21 (2), 52-60 (2001).</li><li>Adhami, F., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Cerebral+ischemia-hypoxia+induces+intravascular+coagulation+and+autophagy.">Cerebral ischemia-hypoxia induces intravascular coagulation and autophagy.</a> Am. J. Pathol. 169 (2), 566-583 (2006).</li><li>Shereen, A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Ex+vivo+diffusion+tensor+imaging+and+neuropathological+correlation+in+a+murine+model+of+hypoxia-ischemia-induced+thrombotic+stroke.">Ex vivo diffusion tensor imaging and neuropathological correlation in a murine model of hypoxia-ischemia-induced thrombotic stroke.</a> J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab. 31 (4), 1155-1169 (2011).</li><li>Michaud, J. P., Pimentel-Coelho, P. M., Tremblay, Y., Rivest, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+impact+of+Ly6C+low+monocytes+after+cerebral+hypoxia-ischemia+in+adult+mice.">The impact of Ly6C low monocytes after cerebral hypoxia-ischemia in adult mice.</a> J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab. 34 (7), e1-e9 (2014).</li><li>Zoppo, G. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Virchow's+triad:+the+vascular+basis+of+cerebral+injury.">Virchow's triad: the vascular basis of cerebral injury.</a> Rev. Neurol. Dis. 5, 12-21 (2008).</li><li>Dunn, A. K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Laser+speckle+contrast+imaging+of+cerebral+blood+flow.">Laser speckle contrast imaging of cerebral blood flow.</a> Annals Biomed. Eng. 40 (2), 367-377 (2012).</li><li>Sun, Y. Y., Yang, D., Kuan, C. Y. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Mannitol-facilitated+perfusion+staining+with+2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium+chloride+(TTC)+for+detection+of+experimental+cerebral+infarction+and+biochemical+analysis.">Mannitol-facilitated perfusion staining with 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) for detection of experimental cerebral infarction and biochemical analysis.</a> J. Neurosci. Methods. 203 (1), 122-129 (2012).</li><li>Lozano, R., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Global+and+regional+mortality+from+235+causes+of+death+for+20+age+groups+in+1990+and+2010:+a+systematic+analysis+for+the+Global+Burden+of+Disease+Study.">Global and regional mortality from 235 causes of death for 20 age groups in 1990 and 2010: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study.</a> Lancet. 380 (9859), 2095-2128 (2010).</li><li>Murray, C. J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Disability-adjusted+life+years+(DALYs)+for+291+diseases+and+injuries+in+21+regions,+1990-2010:+a+systematic+analysis+for+the+Global+Burden+of+Disease+Study.">Disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) for 291 diseases and injuries in 21 regions, 1990-2010: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study.</a> Lancet. 380 (9859), 2197-2223 (2012).</li><li>Dirnagl, U., Macleod, M. R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Stroke+research+at+a+road+block:+the+streets+from+adversity+should+be+paved+with+meta-analysis+and+good+laboratory+practice.">Stroke research at a road block: the streets from adversity should be paved with meta-analysis and good laboratory practice.</a> Br. J. Pharm. 157 (7), 1154-1156 (2009).</li><li>Dirnagl, U., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+concerted+appeal+for+international+cooperation+in+preclinical+stroke+research.">A concerted appeal for international cooperation in preclinical stroke research.</a> Stroke. 44 (6), 1754-1760 (2013).</li><li>Khatri, P., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Revascularization+end+points+in+stroke+interventional+trials:+recanalization+versus+reperfusion+in+IMS-I.">Revascularization end points in stroke interventional trials: recanalization versus reperfusion in IMS-I.</a> Stroke. 36 (11), 2400-2403 (2005).</li><li>Rosenberg, R. D., Aird, W. C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Vascular-bed--specific+hemostasis+and+hypercoagulable+states.">Vascular-bed--specific hemostasis and hypercoagulable states.</a> New Eng. J. Med. 340 (20), 1555-1564 (1999).</li><li>Majid, A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Differences+in+vulnerability+to+permanent+focal+cerebral+ischemia+among+3+common+mouse+strains.">Differences in vulnerability to permanent focal cerebral ischemia among 3 common mouse strains.</a> Stroke. 31 (11), 2707-2714 (2000).</li></ol>

İnme bir yaşlanma nüfusa sahip herhangi bir toplum için önemi giderek artan önemli bir sağlık sorunudur. Küresel olarak, inme, tüm ölümlerin 18% 11,1 eşdeğer 2010 yılında tahmini 5,9 milyon ölümcül olaylar ile ikinci ölüm önde gelen nedenidir. İnme da sakatlığa ayarlanmış yaşam yıllık üçüncü önde gelen nedenidir (DALY) 1990, 19 beşinci pozisyona yükselen, 2010 yılında küresel kaybetti. Bu epidemiyolojik veriler akut (iskemik) inme daha etkili tedavilerin ihti...

Tromboliz ve rekanalizasyonun klinik pratikte 1 akut iskemik inme en etkili tedavidir. Oysa, klinik öncesi araştırma nöro çoğunluğu damar tıkanıklığı çıkarılması üzerine serebral kan akımının hızlı iyileşme üreten ve tPA lizisle hiçbir fayda az gösteren bir geçici mekanik tıkanıklık modeli (lümen dikiş orta serebral arter tıkanıklığı) uygulandı. Inme modelini şüpheli seçimi hastanın 2,3 için nöro-koruyucu tedavisi çeviri zorluk, en azından kısmen, katkıda bulunduğu öne sürülmüştür. Bu nedenle, klinik öncesi araştırma tPA duyarlı tromboembolik inme modelleri istihdam için artan bir çağrı var, ama bu tür modelleri de teknik sorunlar (Tartışma) 4-7 var. Burada tek taraflı geçici hipoksik-iskemik (ti) hakaret ve intravenöz tPA tedavisine 8 yanıtları dayalı yeni bir trombotik inme modeli açıklar. Thi inme modeli 1960 9 yetişkin sıçan deneyleri için icat edilmiştir Levine prosedürü (bir odasında geçici hipoksi maruz kalma ve ardından tek taraflı karotis arter kalıcı ligasyonu) dayalı olarak geliştirilmiştir. Orijinal Levine prosedürü karanlığa gömüldüğü, çünkü sadece değişken beyin hasarı üretti, fakat 1981 10 neonatal hipoksik-iskemik ensefalopati (HİE) bir model olarak Robert Vannucci ve arkadaşları tarafından yeniden tanıtıldı aynı hakaret kemirgen yavrular tutarlı nevropatolojisi neden oldu. Son yıllarda, bazı Araştırmacılar hipoksik odasına 11 sıcaklığı ayarlayarak yetişkin farelere Levine-Vannucci modeli adapte yeniden. Orijinal Levine prosedüründe tutarsız beyin lezyonları hipoksik odasında yetişkin kemirgenler vücut sıcaklıklarını dalgalanan doğabilecek düşünülebilir. Bu hipotezi test etmek için, hipoksik gaz verilerek Levine prosedürünü modifiyeBir yüz maskesi vasıtasıyla, ameliyat masasına 12, 37 ° C&#39;de, kemirgen temel sıcaklık muhafaza edilirken. Beklendiği gibi, katı vücut ısısı kontrolü büyük ölçüde HI-kaynaklı beyin patolojisi tekrarlanabilirliği artmıştır. HI hakaret de pıhtılaşmayı, Otofaji ve gri-beyaz-madde hasarı 13 tetikler. Diğer araştırmacılar da inme sonrası inflamatuar yanıtlar 14 araştırmak için HI modeli kullandık. HI inme modelinin benzersiz bir özelliği de yakından kan akımı, endotel hasarı (örn nedeniyle HI-kaynaklı oksidatif strese) ve hiperkoagübilite (HI-indüklenen platelet aktivasyonu) staz dahil trombüs oluşumu Virchow&#39;un üçlü, (aşağıda olduğunu Şekil 1A) 15. Bu nedenle, HI modeli gerçek dünya iskemik inme ile ilgili bazı patofizyolojik mekanizmaları yakalayabilir. Bu düşünceyle, biz daha un tersine çevrilebilir ligasyonu ile HI modeli rafineilateral karotis arter (dolayısıyla geçici HI hakaret oluşturmak için), ve ya Edaravone olmadan tPA trombolitik onun yanıtları test edilmiştir. Edaravone zaten başlangıç ​​9 24 saat içinde iskemik inme tedavisinde Japonya&#39;da onaylanmış serbest radikal temizleyicisidir. Bizim deneyler kadar kısa 30 dakika kadar geçici HI trombotik enfarktüs tetikler gösterdi ve bu kombine tPA-Edaravone tedavi sinerjik faydalar 8 bahşeder. Burada detaylı cerrahi girişimler ve akut iskemik inme reperfüzyon tedavileri optimize etmek için kullanılabilecek Thi modelinin metodolojik hususlar, açıklar.

<table><tbody><tr><td>adult male mice</td><td>Charles River</td><td>C57BL/6&amp;nbsp;</td><td>10-13 weeks old (22-30 g)</td></tr><tr><td>Mobile Laboratory Animal Anesthesia System</td><td>VetEquip</td><td>901807</td><td>anesthesia</td></tr><tr><td>Medical air (Compressed) air tank</td><td>Airgas</td><td>UN1002</td><td>anesthesia</td></tr><tr><td>Isoflurane</td><td>Piramal Healthcare</td><td>NDC 66794-013-25</td><td>anesthesia</td></tr><tr><td>Multi-Station Lab Animal AnesthesiaSystem</td><td>Surgivet</td><td>V703501</td><td>hypoxia system</td></tr><tr><td>7.5% O&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; balanced by 92.5% N&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; tank</td><td>Airgas</td><td>UN1956</td><td>hypoxia system</td></tr><tr><td>Temperature Controller with heating lamp&amp;nbsp;</td><td>Cole Parmer&amp;nbsp;</td><td>EW-89000-10</td><td>temperature controllers</td></tr><tr><td>Rectal probe</td><td>Cole Parmer&amp;nbsp;</td><td>NCI-00141PG</td><td>temperature controllers</td></tr><tr><td>Dissecting microscope&amp;nbsp;</td><td>Olympus&amp;nbsp;</td><td>SZ40</td><td>surgical setup</td></tr><tr><td>Heat pump with warming pad</td><td>Gaymar&amp;nbsp;</td><td>TP700</td><td>surgical setup</td></tr><tr><td>Fine curved forceps (serrated)</td><td>FST</td><td>11370-31</td><td>surgical instrument</td></tr><tr><td>Fine curved forceps (smooth)</td><td>FST</td><td>11373-12</td><td>surgical instrument</td></tr><tr><td>micro scissors</td><td>FST</td><td>15000-03</td><td>surgical instrument</td></tr><tr><td>micro needle holders</td><td>FST</td><td>12060-01</td><td>surgical instrument</td></tr><tr><td>Halsted-Mosquito hemostats</td><td>FST</td><td>13008-12</td><td>surgical instrument</td></tr><tr><td>5-0 silk suture&amp;nbsp;</td><td>Harvard Apparatus</td><td>624143</td><td>surgical supplies</td></tr><tr><td>4-0 Nylon monofilament suture</td><td>LOOK</td><td>766B</td><td>surgical supplies</td></tr><tr><td>Tissue glue</td><td>Abbott Laboratories</td><td>NC9855218</td><td>surgical supplies</td></tr><tr><td>Puralube Vet ointment</td><td>Fisher</td><td>NC0138063&amp;nbsp;</td><td>eye dryness prevention&amp;nbsp;</td></tr><tr><td>MoorFLPI-2 blood flow imager</td><td>Moor</td><td>780-nm laser source</td><td>Laser Speckle Contrast Imaging</td></tr><tr><td>Mannitol</td><td>Sigma</td><td>M4125</td><td>&lt;i&gt;in vivo&lt;/i&gt; TTC</td></tr><tr><td>2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC)&amp;nbsp;</td><td>Sigma</td><td>T8877</td><td>&lt;i&gt;in vivo&lt;/i&gt; TTC</td></tr><tr><td>Vibratome</td><td>Stoelting</td><td>51425</td><td>brain section for &lt;i&gt;in vivo&lt;/i&gt; TTC&amp;nbsp;</td></tr><tr><td>Digital microscope</td><td>Dino-Lite</td><td>AM2111</td><td>whole-brain imaging</td></tr><tr><td>O.C.T compound</td><td>Sakura Finetek</td><td>4583</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>goat anti-rabbit Alexa Fluro 488</td><td>Invitrogen</td><td>A11008</td><td>Immunohistochemistry</td></tr><tr><td>Cryostat</td><td>Vibratome</td><td>ultrapro 5000</td><td>brain section for IHC</td></tr><tr><td>Evans blue</td><td>Sigma</td><td>E2129</td><td>Detecting vascular perfusion</td></tr><tr><td>Microtome</td><td>Electron Microscopy Sciences</td><td>5000</td><td>brain section for histology</td></tr><tr><td>Avertin (2, 2, 2-Tribromoethanol)</td><td>Sigma</td><td>T48402</td><td>euthanasia</td></tr><tr><td>Fluorescent microscope</td><td>Olympus</td><td>DP73</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Meloxicam SR</td><td>ZooPharm</td><td></td><td>NSAID analgesia</td></tr></tbody></table>

a thrombotic stroke model based on transient cerebral hypoxia-ischemia

İnme araştırması klinik uygulamaya nöroprotektif tedavilerin tercüme birçok aksiliklere dayandı. Buna karşılık, gerçek dünya tedavisi (tPA trombolitik) nadiren preklinik inme araştırma hakim mekanik tıkanıklığı tabanlı deneysel modellerde faydaları üretir. Tezgah ve Yatağımın arasındaki bu bölünme klinik öncesi inme araştırma tPA-duyarlı modeller istihdam ihtiyacını göstermektedir. Bu amaçla, basit ve tPA-reaktif trombotik inme modeli icat burada tarif edilmektedir. 37.5 ± 0.5 ° C &#39;de, hayvan, rektal sıcaklık muhafaza edilirken bu model, 30 dakika boyunca, yetişkin farelerde bir yüz maskesi vasıtasıyla tek taraflı karotis ve% 7.5 oksijen teslimat geçici oklüzyonu meydana gelir. Tek taraflı karotis arter veya hipoksi geri dönüşümlü ligasyonu her biri sadece geçici serebral kan akımı bastırılmış olsa da, her iki hakaret kombinasyonu reperfüzyon açıkları, fibrin ve trombosit birikimi ve büyük infar kalıcı nedenorta serebral arter tarafından sağlanan bölgede ct. Önemli olarak, kuyruk ven 0.5, 1, ya da 4 saat sonra-Thi (10 mg / kg) yeniden birleştirici tPA enjeksiyonunu bir ölüm oranı ve enfarkt boyutunun zamana bağımlı bir azalma sağladı. Bu yeni model, inme basit ve deney sonuçlarını karşılaştırmak için laboratuvarlar arasında standardize edilebilir. Bundan başka, bu kraniektomi ya da önceden-oluşturulmuş emboli yol açmadan tromboz indükler. Bu eşsiz yararları göz önüne alındığında, THI modeli klinik öncesi inme araştırma repertuvarına bir kullanışlı bir ektir.

İki boyutlu lazer benek kontrast görüntüleme (LSCI) 16 30 dk geçici tek taraflı karotis tıkanıklığı (tCCAO), hipoksi 30 dakika maruz kalma (% 7.5 oksijen) ve 30 dakika tek taraflı serebral kan akımı (CBF) ve değişiklikleri karşılaştırmak için kullanıldı hipoksi (ti) altında ligasyonu karotis. Bu deney tCCAO normoxia altında karotis bağlandı yarımkürede CBF bastırılmış ortaya için ~ hızla karotis tıkanıklığı (Şekil 2A R) yayımlandıktan sonra 85 üzeri...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about A Thrombotic Stroke Model Based On Transient Cerebral Hypoxia-ischemia at JoVE.com

A Thrombotic Stroke Model Based On Transient Cerebral Hypoxia-ischemia

Thromboembolic stroke models are vital tools for optimizing the recanalization therapy. Here we report a murine thrombotic stroke model based on transient cerebral hypoxic-ischemic (tHI) insult, which triggers thrombosis and infarction, and responds favorably to tissue plasminogen activator (tPA)-mediated fibrinolysis in a therapeutic window similar to those in stroke patients.

Geçici Serebral Hipoksi-iskemi Dayalı Bir Trombotik İnme Modeli

Stroke research has endured many setbacks in translating neuroprotective therapies into clinical practice. In contrast, the real-world therapy (tPA ...

a-thrombotic-stroke-model-based-on-transient-cerebral-hypoxia-ischemia

Research

JoVE Journal

Medicine

14.7K Görüntüleme.  The Emory University School of Medicine. Thromboembolic stroke models are vital tools for optimizing the recanalization therapy. Here we report a murine thrombotic stroke model based on transient cerebral hypoxic-ischemic (tHI) insult, which triggers thrombosis and infarction, and responds favorably to tissue plasminogen activator (tPA)-mediated fibrinolysis in a therapeutic window similar to those in stroke patients. 

Video: A Thrombotic Stroke Model Based On Transient Cerebral Hypoxia-ischemia

The Hypoxic Ischemic Encephalopathy Model of Perinatal Ischemia

Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy (HIE) is the consequence of systemic asphyxia occurring at birth. Twenty five percent of neonates with HIE develop severe and permanent neuropsychological sequelae, including mental retardation, cerebral palsy, and epilepsy. The outcomes of HIE are devastating and permanent, making it critical to identify and develop therapeutic strategies to reduce brain injury in newborns with HIE. To that end, the neonatal rat model for hypoxic-ischemic brain injury has been developed to model this human condition. The HIE model was first validated by Vannucci et al 1 and has since been extensively used to identify mechanisms of brain injury resulting from perinatal hypoxia-ischemia 2 and to test potential therapeutic interventions 3,4. The HIE model is a two step process and involves the ligation of the left common carotid artery followed by exposure to a hypoxic environment. Cerebral blood flow (CBF) in the hemisphere ipsilateral to the ligated carotid artery does not decrease because of the collateral blood flow via the circle of Willis; however with lower oxygen tension, the CBF in the ipsilateral hemisphere decreases significantly and results in unilateral ischemic injury. The use of 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) to stain and identify ischemic brain tissue was originally developed for adult models of rodent cerebral ischemia 5, and is used to evaluate the extent of cerebral infarctin at early time points up to 72 hours after the ischemic event 6. In this video, we demonstrate the hypoxic-ischemic injury model in postnatal rat brain and the evaluation of the infarct size using TTC staining.

The postnatal rat model for hypoxic-ischemic brain injury is a well-established model of human neonatal hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE). In this article, we describe the model of HIE in post-natal rat pups.

Perinatal İskemi Hipoksik İskemik Ensefalopati Modeli

Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy (HIE) is the consequence of systemic asphyxia occurring at birth. Twenty five percent of neonates with HIE develop severe ...

Biyoloji

Photothrombotic Ischemia: A Minimally Invasive and Reproducible Photochemical Cortical Lesion Model for Mouse Stroke Studies

The photothrombotic stroke model aims to induce an ischemic damage within a given cortical area by means of photo-activation of a previously injected light-sensitive dye. Following illumination, the dye is activated and produces singlet oxygen that damages components of endothelial cell membranes, with subsequent platelet aggregation and thrombi formation, which eventually determines the interruption of local blood flow. This approach, initially proposed by Rosenblum and El-Sabban in 1977, was later improved by Watson in 1985 in rat brain and set the basis of the current model. Also, the increased availability of transgenic mouse lines further contributed to raise the interest on the photothrombosis model. Briefly, a photosensitive dye (Rose Bengal) is injected intraperitoneally and enters the blood stream. When illuminated by a cold light source, the dye becomes activated and induces endothelial damage with platelet activation and thrombosis, resulting in local blood flow interruption. The light source can be applied on the intact skull with no need of craniotomy, which allows targeting of any cortical area of interest in a reproducible and non-invasive way. The mouse is then sutured and allowed to wake up. The evaluation of ischemic damage can be quickly accomplished by triphenyl-tetrazolium chloride or cresyl violet staining. This technique produces infarction of small size and well-delimited boundaries, which is highly advantageous for precise cell characterization or functional studies. Furthermore, it is particularly suitable for studying cellular and molecular responses underlying brain plasticity in transgenic mice.

Photothrombosis is a quick, minimally-invasive technique for inducing small and well-delimited infarction in areas of interest in highly reproducible manner. It is particularly suitable for studying cellular and molecular responses underlying brain plasticity in transgenic mice.

Photothrombotic İskemi: Fare İnme Araştırmalar bir Minimal İnvaziv ve tekrarlanabilir fotokimyasal Kortikal Lezyon Model

The photothrombotic stroke model aims to induce an ischemic damage within a given cortical area by means of photo-activation of a previously injected ...

Tıp

Modeling Stroke in Mice: Permanent Coagulation of the Distal Middle Cerebral Artery

Stroke is the third most common cause of death and a main cause of acquired adult disability in developed countries. Only very limited therapeutical options are available for a small proportion of stroke patients in the acute phase. Current research is intensively searching for novel therapeutic strategies and is increasingly focusing on the sub-acute and chronic phase after stroke because more patients might be eligible for therapeutic interventions in a prolonged time window. These delayed mechanisms include important pathophysiological pathways such as post-stroke inflammation, angiogenesis, neuronal plasticity and regeneration. In order to analyze these mechanisms and to subsequently evaluate novel drug targets, experimental stroke models with clinical relevance, low mortality and high reproducibility are sought after. Moreover, mice are the smallest mammals in which a focal stroke lesion can be induced and for which a broad spectrum of transgenic models are available. Therefore, we describe here the mouse model of transcranial, permanent coagulation of the middle cerebral artery via electrocoagulation distal of the lenticulostriatal arteries, the so-called &#8220;coagulation model&#8221;. The resulting infarct in this model is located mainly in the cortex; the relative infarct volume in relation to brain size corresponds to the majority of human strokes. Moreover, the model fulfills the above-mentioned criteria of reproducibility and low mortality. In this video we demonstrate the surgical methods of stroke induction in the &#8220;coagulation model&#8221; and report histological and functional analysis tools.

Various murine models of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) are widely used in experimental brain research. Here, we demonstrate the model of transcranial permanent distal MCAO which produces consistent cortical infarction of a size corresponding to damage imposed by the majority of human ischemic strokes.

Farelerde Modelleme İnme: Distal Orta Serebral Arter Daimi Pıhtılaşma

Stroke is the third most common cause of death and a main cause of acquired adult disability in developed countries. Only very limited therapeutical ...

Transient Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion Model of Neonatal Stroke in P10 Rats

A number of animal models have been used to study hypoxic-ischemic injury, traumatic injury, global hypoxia, or permanent ischemia in both the immature and mature brain. Stroke occurs commonly in the perinatal period in humans, and transient ischemia-reperfusion is the most common form of stroke in neonates. The reperfusion phase is a critical component of injury progression, which occurs over a period of days to weeks, and of the endogenous response to injury. This postnatal day 10 (p10) rat model of transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO) creates a unilateral, non-hemorrhagic focal ischemia-reperfusion injury that can be utilized to study the mechanisms of focal injury and repair in the full-term-equivalent brain. The injury pattern that is produced by tMCAO is consistent and highly reproducible and can be confirmed with MRI or histological analyses. The severity of injury can be manipulated through changes in occlusion time and other methods that will be discussed.

Neonatal stroke is a significant cause of early brain injury requiring a translational model with consistent focal injury patterns and high reproducibility in order to enable study. This study describes the detailed surgical procedure for creating a non-hemorrhagic, unilateral focal ischemia-reperfusion injury in full-term-equivalent rodents.

P10 Sıçanlarda Yenidoğan İnme Geçici Orta Serebral Arter Tıkanıklığı Modeli

A number of animal models have been used to study hypoxic-ischemic injury, traumatic injury, global hypoxia, or permanent ischemia in both the immature ...

A Fibrin-Enriched and tPA-Sensitive Photothrombotic Stroke Model

An ideal thromboembolic stroke model requires certain properties, including relatively simple surgical procedures with low mortality, a consistent infarction size and location, precipitation of platelet:fibrin intermixed blood clots similar to those in patients, and an adequate sensitivity to fibrinolytic treatment. The rose bengal (RB) dye-based photothrombotic stroke model meets the first two requirements but is highly refractory to tPA-mediated lytic treatment, presumably due to its platelet-rich, but fibrin-poor clot composition. We reason that combination of RB dye (50 mg/kg) and a sub-thrombotic dose of thrombin (80 U/kg) for photoactivation aimed at the proximal branch of middle cerebral artery (MCA) may produce fibrin-enriched and tPA-sensitive clots. Indeed, the thrombin and RB (T+RB)-combined photothrombosis model triggered mixed platelet:fibrin blood clots, as shown by immunostaining and immunoblots, and maintained consistent infarct sizes and locations plus low mortality. Moreover, intravenous injection of tPA (Alteplase, 10 mg/kg) within 2 h post-photoactivation significantly decreased the infarct size in T+RB photothrombosis. Thus, the thrombin-enhanced photothrombotic stroke model may be a useful experimental model to test novel thrombolytic therapies.

Traditional photothrombotic stroke (PTS) models mainly induce dense platelet aggregates of a high resistance to tissue plasminogen activator (tPA)-lytic treatment. Here a modified murine PTS model is introduced by co-injecting thrombin and photosensitive dye for photoactivation. The thrombin-enhanced PTS model produces mixed platelet:fibrin clots and is highly sensitive to tPA-thrombolysis.

Fibrin ile zenginleştirilmiş ve tPA'ya duyarlı fototrombotik inme modeli

An ideal thromboembolic stroke model requires certain properties, including relatively simple surgical procedures with low mortality, a consistent ...

Nörobilim

Modeling Stroke in Mice: Focal Cortical Lesions by Photothrombosis

Stroke is a leading cause of death and acquired adult disability in developed countries. Despite extensive investigation for novel therapeutic strategies, there remain limited therapeutic options for stroke patients. Therefore, more research is needed for pathophysiological pathways such as post-stroke inflammation, angiogenesis, neuronal plasticity, and regeneration. Given the inability of in vitro models to reproduce the complexity of the brain, experimental stroke models are essential for the analysis and subsequent evaluation of novel drug targets for these mechanisms. In addition, detailed standardized models for all procedures are urgently needed to overcome the so-called replication crisis. As an effort within the ImmunoStroke research consortium, a standardized photothrombotic mouse model using an intraperitoneal injection of Rose Bengal and the illumination of the intact skull with a 561 nm laser is described. This model allows the performance of stroke in mice with allocation to any cortical region of the brain without invasive surgery; thus, enabling the study of stroke in various areas of the brain. In this video, the surgical methods of stroke induction in the photothrombotic model along with&#160;histological analysis are demonstrated.

Described here is the photothrombotic stroke model, where a stroke is produced through the intact skull by inducing permanent microvascular occlusion using laser illumination after administration of a photosensitive dye.

Farelerde Modelleme İnme: Fototomboz ile Fokal Kortikal Lezyonlar

Stroke is a leading cause of death and acquired adult disability in developed countries. Despite extensive investigation for novel therapeutic strategies, ...

Modeling Stroke in Mice: Transient Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion via the External Carotid Artery

Stroke is the third most common cause of mortality and the leading cause of acquired adult disability in developed countries. To date, therapeutic options are limited to a small proportion of stroke patients within the first hours after stroke. Novel therapeutic strategies are being extensively investigated, especially to prolong the therapeutic time window. These current investigations include the study of important pathophysiological pathways after stroke, such as post-stroke inflammation, angiogenesis, neuronal plasticity, and regeneration. Over the last decade, there has been increasing concern about the poor reproducibility of experimental results and scientific findings among independent research groups. To overcome the so-called &#8220;replication crisis&#8221;, detailed standardized models for all procedures are urgently needed. As an effort within the &#8220;ImmunoStroke&#8221; research consortium (https://immunostroke.de/), a standardized mouse model of transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAo) is proposed. This model allows the complete restoration of the blood flow upon removal of the filament, simulating the therapeutic or spontaneous clot lysis that occurs in a large proportion of human strokes. The surgical procedure of this &#8220;filament&#8221; stroke model and tools for its functional analysis are demonstrated in the accompanying video.

Different models of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAo) are used in experimental stroke research. Here, an experimental stroke model of transient MCAo via the external carotid artery (ECA) is described, which aims to mimic human stroke, in which the cerebrovascular thrombus is removed due to spontaneous clot lysis or therapy.

Farelerde Modelleme İnme: Dış Karotid Arter yoluyla Geçici Orta Serebral Arter Tıkanıklığı

Stroke is the third most common cause of mortality and the leading cause of acquired adult disability in developed countries. To date, therapeutic options ...

Orta serebral arter tıkanıklığı ile geçici serebral iskemi modeli

Transient Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion Model of Stroke

Stroke stands as a major cause of death or chronic disability globally. Nevertheless, existing optimal treatments are limited to reperfusion therapies during the acute phase of ischemic stroke. To gain insights into stroke physiopathology and develop innovative therapeutic approaches, in vivo rodent models of stroke play a fundamental role. The availability of genetically modified animals has particularly propelled the use of mice as experimental stroke models.
In stroke patients, occlusion of the middle cerebral artery (MCA) is a common occurrence. Consequently, the most prevalent experimental model involves intraluminal occlusion of the MCA, a minimally invasive technique that doesn't require craniectomy. This procedure involves inserting a monofilament through the external carotid artery (ECA) and advancing it through the internal carotid artery (ICA) until it reaches the branching point of the MCA. After a 45 min arterial occlusion, the monofilament is removed to allow reperfusion. Throughout the process, cerebral blood flow is monitored to confirm the reduction during occlusion and subsequent recovery upon reperfusion. Neurological and tissue outcomes are evaluated using behavioral tests and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies.

Yazar Spotlight: Orta Serebral Arter Oklüzyon Modeli ile İskemik İnme Hasarının Değerlendirilmesi 

This protocol describes the model of transient focal cerebral ischemia in mice through intraluminal occlusion of the middle cerebral artery. Additionally, examples of outcome assessment are shown using magnetic resonance imaging and behavioral tests.

İnmenin Geçici Orta Serebral Arter Oklüzyon Modeli

Stroke stands as a major cause of death or chronic disability globally. Nevertheless, existing optimal treatments are limited to reperfusion therapies ...

Geçici Serebral Hipoksi-iskemi Dayalı Bir Trombotik İnme Modeli

Özet

Daha Fazla Video Keşfet

PLAYLIST