We wish to thank the study participants for making this work possible and the staff at the NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre and the Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Facility, University Hospital Southampton for assistance with study measurements.
This work was supported by the NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, Nutrition, the MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit and the University of Southampton. This report is independent research by the NIHR BRC Funding Scheme. The views expressed in this publication are those of the authors and not necessarily those of the NHS, the NIHR or the Department of Health. AMB is supported by a NIHR Clinical Research Fellowship, HPP is supported by the NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre.

Etik bildirimi: bizim kurumda izleyin kas biyopsisi işleminin bir açıklaması şimdi izler. kas biyopsisi Hertfordshire Araştırma Komitesi numarası 07 / Q0204 / 68 tarafından onaylandı Hertfordshire Sarkopeni Çalışmasında kullanılır. Tüm katılımcılar bilgilendirilmiş onam 20 yazılı verdi. NOT: Tek bir operatör kaygıyı azaltmak ve onlar her zaman rahat olmasını sağlamak amacıyla konuşma katılımcıyı meşgul olabilir bir asistan yardımıyla prosedürü gerçekleştirebilir. Prosedür odada lavabo, yüksekliği ayarlanabilir kanepe, temiz yüzeyler ve bir prosedür arabası ile donatılmış olmalıdır. 1. Katılımcı hazırlayın (Şekil 2) <ol><li> Bir kanepede yatar, rahat bırakmaya katılımcıdan. kasık kırışık tercih edilen uyluk Açığa. maruz uyluk altında atılabilir emici tabakanın yayıldı. bacak prosedürü boyunca düz ve rahat kalmasını sağlamak amauyluk vastus lateralis anahat an gerildi olduğunu. </li><li> Patellanın anterior superior iliyak hayali bir satır aşağı Mark prosedürü sitesi yaklaşık üçte ikisi. </li></ol> 2. Cilt hazırlayın (Şekil 2) <ol><li> Steril bir tıraş bıçağı ile önerilen biyopsi bölgesini çevreleyen çapı yaklaşık 4 cm cilt Tıraş ve alkollü bir bezle cildi temizleyin. NOT: Bu iyileşme sürecinde yara sonraki saç sıkışmasını önlemek içindir. Bu adım operatörün tercihine göre isteğe bağlıdır. </li><li> lokal anestezik ile deri ve örten fasya Infiltrate. Daha sonra 23 G iğne ile deri altı doku içine derin sızmak% 2 lidokain subkutan bleb 25 G iğne kullanın. Biyopsi yerinde deri altı doku içeriğine bağlı olarak bir inç en az yarısı nüfuz hedefliyoruz. Bu derinlik üzerinde uzanan Fas sağlamak için yeterli olmalıdırCIA anestezi. eylem anestezi için 5 dakika - 2 izin verin. İğne veya neşter bıçağı ucu ile cildi nazikçe sondalama ile anestezi onaylayın. </li></ol> 3. Steril Alan hazırlayın (Şekil 2) <ol><li> sabunla ellerinizi yıkayın ve steril bir cüppe giyilir kadar temiz eller korumak. Prosedür arabası üzerinde steril bir alan oluşturmadan önce steril eldiven ile el örtün. </li><li> % 2 klorheksidin / izopropil alkol solüsyonu veya iyot bazlı cilt dezenfektan ile biyopsi sitesini sterilize edin. biyopsi sitesi açığa çıkarmak için bir yapıştırıcı açıklığı ile bir steril örtüyü uygulayın ama aynı zamanda steril bir alan sağlamak için. </li></ol> 4. Prosedürü uygulayın (Şekil 2) <ol><li> ve aşağı ve örten fasya yoluyla deri üzerinde 10 mm kesi - bir boyut 11 neşter ile, bir 5 yapmak. bir inç bir derinlik ortalama yarıya, femur uzun eksenine dik açıyla kesikten conchotome kapandı ısırma ucu takın. Gerekli kullanım durumundaserbest el tutun ve conchotome ucu kası içinde açılan ve kapanan iken biyopsi bölgesini çevreleyen uyluk desteklemek. </li><li> kas kesmek için 180 ° - 90 ile conchotome döndürün. conchotome çekiniz ve steril normal salin ile nemlendirilmiş steril gazlı bez üzerine ucu açın. Gerekirse yeterli kas dokusu elde etmek, tek yara site içinde aynı işlemi tekrarlayın. buz üzerine yerleştirilir, bir kap içine gazlı bez aktarın. yerel kurumsal protokole göre kas işlemek için bir hazırlık laboratuara kabı aktarın. </li></ol> 5. Mesaj Prosedürü (Şekil 2) <ol><li> En fazla 5 dakika süreyle yaraya doğrudan basınç uygulayın. potansiyel skar dokusunun çıkartılması ve steri-şeritler yanlışlıkla kaldırılır eğer yara açılmasının önlemek için dik açılarda aksine onları yaraya paralel koyarak steri-şeritler ile yarayı kapatmak. steri-şeritler üzerinde steril bir emici pansuman yerleştirin ve iki katman kravatsıkıştırma için bandaj ve bant ile sabitleyin. </li><li> İşlemden sonra 4 gün - onlar bir giyinme bir değişiklik 3 gerçekleştirmek zorunda kalacak gibi katılımcıya yara pansuman yöntemi açıklamak. katılımcı daha sonra o akşam yatmadan önce sıkıştırma bandaj kaldırır emin olun. </li></ol> 6. Mesaj Biyopsi Önerileri <ol><li> O hafif egzersiz ile giderilebilir (örneğin., Yürüme) bazı uyluk sertlik yaşamaya yaygındır katılımcıyı bilgilendirin. asetaminofen gibi basit analjezi kullanın. iki haftaya kadar yanı sıra yara enfeksiyonu potansiyel komplikasyonu devam edebilir biyopsi site çevresinde geçici uyuşma ile ilgili katılımcıyı uyar. </li></ol> Konu Gönder Usulü 7. Talimatları <ol><li> (Örneğin, çalışan, ağır kaldırma tırmanma gibi) 72 saat boyunca şiddetli aktiviteyi engellemek için katılımcı isteyin. 72 saat - 48 su içinde daldırma önlemek için katılımcı isteyin. Bununla birlikte, ve katılımcı talimatsoyunma kuru tutmak için zaman duş sahip t sarılmak film veya biyopsi site çevresinde benzer sarmak için. </li><li> 4 gün ve bir hafta sonra steri-şeritleri kaldırmak - 3 sonra soyunma değiştirmek için katılımcı isteyin. NOT: katılımcı sonrası biyopsi bakımı, yedek sosları ve prosedürü uygulamadan sorumlu ekibin acil iletişim bilgileri için yazılı talimatlar verilmelidir. </li></ol>

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None declared.

katılımcı güvenliğini sağlamak ve verimli bir kas biyopsisi yapmak için, protokol dahilinde kritik adımlar dikkat etmek çok önemlidir. Katılımcılar dikkatle kanama ve kötü yara iyileşmesi olarak komplikasyonları önlemek için dışlama kriterleri dikkate sonra seçilmelidir. prosedür boyunca sıkı asepsi esastır. Doğru tekniğin uygulama, katılımcı konfor sağlamak katılımcının dokularına istenmeyen travmayı en aza indirmek ve analiz için yeterli bir örnek ve...

Bir miyopati ve diğer nöromüsküler dejeneratif hastalıkların tanısı için iskelet kası elde edilmesi kabul edilebilir ve hastalar 1 ile incapacitating olmayan güvenli ve etkin yöntemlere dayanır. Tarihsel olarak, analiz için kas dokusu elde etme yöntemleri, genel anestezi altında veya otopsi gerçekleştirilen açık biyopsi alındı. Bu teknikler kas doğrudan görselleştirme izin ve kas daha büyük bir parça biyopsi için izin verdi. bu teknikler hastanede kalış ve iyileşme açısından hastaya sahip potansiyel dezavantajları göz önüne alındığında, perkütan &#39;yarı açık&#39; kas biyopsi yöntemleri alternatif olarak tanıtıldı. Bu teknik ilk trokar ile kendinden inşa iğne kullanılan ve genel anestezi 2 olmadan yaşayan bir denekten kas örnek elde etmek mümkün oldu Duchenne (1806-1875) tarafından yapılmıştır. O zamandan beri, biyopsi iğne çeşitli biçimleri 3,4,5 kullanılmıştır. Bununla birlikte, biyopsi n1962 yılında Bergstrom tarafından geliştirilen eedle klinik pratikte en yaygın kullanılan olmuştur; Gerek çocuklarda gerekse yetişkinlerde de, yanı sıra araştırma 6,7,8,9,10 yılında. Bu keskin trokar, bir kesim kanül ve doku sonrası biyopsi çıkarmak için bir itme çubuğu sahiptir. Örnekleme 11,9 tekrarlanan sonra bu prosedür elde edilen kas verimleri 25 -293 mg arasında değiştiği rapor edilmiştir. Henriksson (Şekil 1) 12 alternatif yarı açık kas biyopsisi yöntemi olarak 1979 yılında Weil-Blakesley conchotome tanıttı. enstrüman Bergstrom yapısının aksine tek yapıdır ve keskin bir ısırma uçlu bir forsepsi gibi tasarlanmıştır. uç boyutu 4 mm genişliğinde 6 mm arasında olabilir. ısırma ucunun iki kenarı karşı zaman, içi boş bir kas yakalama sağlar olacağı şekilde oluşturulmuştur. conchotome 5 arasına sokulur - 10 mm cilt insizyonu ve bir scalpe olarak kas ve örten fasya nüfuz bir trokar ihtiyacını ortadan kaldırırl kas aşağı bir parça yapmak için kullanılabilir. Bu yöntem, manevra 13,14 yüksek derecede doku penetrasyonu kontrol sağlar. Bu yersiz basınç potansiyel örneğin nörovasküler veya altta yatan kemik yapısına zarar verebilir siteler için özellikle yararlıdır., Tibialis anterior 15,14 yerinde. conchotome kullanarak kas verim değişken olabilir ve pratikte 20 - kas 200 mg tekrar numune alındıktan sonra elde edilmiştir. Bergstrom iğne üzerinde conchotome potansiyel bir avantajı, sunduğu manevra kabiliyeti yüksek derecede ek olarak, ısırma ucu bilenmiş ya Bergstrom trokar 16 oluşturmak sıklıkta değiştirilmesi gerekmez olmasıdır. Weil Blakesley conchotome kullanarak kas biyopsisi genel amacı, hem teşhis ve resear için histokimya ve moleküler analiz sağlamak için kas dokusunun yeterli miktarda elde etmektirch çalışma. Kolayca öğrenilebilir basit ve güvenli bir işlemdir. Bu teknik sayesinde, biyopsi için uygun kas pazı, triseps, deltoid, gastroknemius, tibialis anterior, soleus ve sacrospinals 17,15,7,18,14 içerir. O uyluk içinde ana nörovasküler yapıları önler olarak vastus lateralis en dış kısmı biyopsisi için kullanılan en yaygın sitedir. Anterior ve superior iliak omurga ve patellayı birleştiren hayali bir çizgi aşağı yaklaşık üçte ikisini tanımlanır. Kas morfoloji verileri, vastus türetilmiş örnek myofibre alanı, myofibre oranlarda, kılcal yoğunluğu için örnekleme çalışmaları 11,19 arasında karşılaştırma sağlayan literatürde yaygın olarak kullanılabilir lateralis.

<table><tbody><tr><td>Weil-Blakesley conchotome</td><td>Gebr&amp;uuml;der Zepf Medizintechnik, D&amp;uuml;rbheim, Germany</td><td>None</td><td>6 mm biting tip</td></tr><tr><td>5 ml 2% lidocaine</td><td>Generic use</td><td>None</td><td>One 5 ml vial should suffice for adequate anaesthesia</td></tr><tr><td>Alcohol swab</td><td>Generic use</td><td>None</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>5 ml syringe</td><td>Generic use</td><td>None</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>25 G and 23 G sterile needles</td><td>Generic use</td><td>None</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Sterile scalpel size 11</td><td>Generic use</td><td>None</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Sterile gauze squares</td><td>Generic use</td><td>None</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Sodium chloride 0.9% 10 ml</td><td>Fannin</td><td>1122/002/001</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Steri-Drape&amp;trade; Small Drape with Adhesive Aperture</td><td>3M</td><td>1020</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>ChloraPrep 2% w/v /70% v/v cutaneous solution&amp;nbsp;</td><td>CareFusion</td><td>270400</td><td>Two</td></tr><tr><td>Steri-Strip&amp;trade; 1/4 inch x 3 inch Reinforced Adhesive Skin Closures</td><td>3M</td><td>R1541</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>PRIMAPORE sterile dressing 15 cm x 8 cm</td><td>Smith &amp;amp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;br/&gt; Nephew</td><td>66000318</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Cotton crepe bandage Hospicrepe 233 7,5 cm x 4,5 m</td><td>Hartmann</td><td>915562</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Flexible cohesive bandage Co-Plus LF</td><td>BSN medical</td><td>2904565</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Disposable absorbent sheet</td><td>Generic use</td><td>None</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Micropore or transpore tape</td><td>Generic use</td><td>None</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Sterile gown with sterile paper towels</td><td>Generic use</td><td>None</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Sterile gloves</td><td>Generic use</td><td>None</td><td></td></tr></tbody></table>

human vastus lateralis skeletal muscle biopsy using the weil-blakesley conchotome

Weil-Blakesley conchotome kullanarak Perkütan kas biyopsisi de hem klinik hem de araştırma uygulamada kurulmuştur. Bu, güvenli, etkili ve iyi tolere tekniktir. 6 mm genişliğinde oyuk - Weil-Blakesley conchotome 4 ile keskin bir ısırma uca sahiptir. Bu 5 arasına sokulur - 10 mm cilt insizyonu ve kontrollü doku penetrasyonu için manevra olabilir. ucu açılır ve doku içinde kapatıldı ve sonra kas kesmek için 90 -180 ° döndürülür. Elde edilen kas miktarı numune histolojisi ve moleküler çalışmalar hem de işlenebilir 290 mg 20 mg arasında değişebilir tekrar et. Yara aktivitesi normal düzeyleri prosedür takip hemen yeniden rağmen, kuru ve şiddetli bir fiziksel aktivite, yaklaşık 72 saat için en aza tutulması gerekir. yakın ilgi konular, tam asepsi ve sonrası prosedürü bakım seçimi ödenir Bu prosedür, güvenli ve etkilidir. Sağ ve sol v Hemastus lateralis katılımcı tercihine göre biyopsi için uygundur.

Yukarıda açıklanan prosedür hem klinik ve araştırma ortamlarında güvenli ve kabul edilebilir. biyopsi tanı sürecinin bir parçası olarak gerçekleştirildiğinde, kas hastanın semptomları ve kas zayıflığı işaretleri göre seçilmelidir. Biyopsi sitesi önceki yaralanmalar, kontraktür veya enstrümantasyon 21,1 arındırılmış olmalıdır. Araştırmada, diyabet hastalarının oruç veya dışlanma olarak standartlaştırılmış şartlar 19 gere...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Human Vastus Lateralis Skeletal Muscle Biopsy Using the Weil-Blakesley Conchotome at JoVE.com

Human Vastus Lateralis Skeletal Muscle Biopsy Using the Weil-Blakesley Conchotome

This video demonstrates the technique of percutaneous muscle biopsy of the human vastus lateralis using the Weil-Blakesley conchotome.

İnsan<em&gt; Vastus lateralis</em&gt; Weil-Blakesley Conchotome kullanılması İskelet Kası Biyopsi

Percutaneous muscle biopsy using the Weil-Blakesley conchotome is well established in both clinical and research practice. It is a safe, effective and ...

human-vastus-lateralis-skeletal-muscle-biopsy-using-weil-blakesley

Research

JoVE Journal

Medicine

Human Vastus Lateralis Skeletal Muscle Biopsy Using the Weil-Blakesley Conchotome

16.6K Görüntüleme.  University of Southampton, University Hospital Southampton. This video demonstrates the technique of percutaneous muscle biopsy of the human vastus lateralis using the Weil-Blakesley conchotome.

Video: Human Vastus Lateralis Skeletal Muscle Biopsy Using the Weil-Blakesley Conchotome

Isolation and Quantitative Immunocytochemical Characterization of Primary Myogenic Cells and Fibroblasts from Human Skeletal Muscle

The repair and regeneration of skeletal muscle requires the action of satellite cells, which are the resident muscle stem cells. These can be isolated from human muscle biopsy samples using enzymatic digestion and their myogenic properties studied in culture. Quantitatively, the two main adherent cell types obtained from enzymatic digestion are: (i) the satellite cells (termed myogenic cells or muscle precursor cells), identified initially as CD56+ and later as CD56+/desmin+ cells and (ii) muscle-derived fibroblasts, identified as CD56&#8211; and TE-7+. Fibroblasts proliferate very efficiently in culture and in mixed cell populations these cells may overrun myogenic cells to dominate the culture. The isolation and purification of different cell types from human muscle is thus an important methodological consideration when trying to investigate the innate behavior of either cell type in culture. Here we describe a system of sorting based on the gentle enzymatic digestion of cells using collagenase and dispase followed by magnetic activated cell sorting (MACS) which gives both a high purity (&#62;95% myogenic cells) and good yield (~2.8 x 106 &#177; 8.87 x 105 cells/g tissue after 7 days in vitro) for experiments in culture. This approach is based on incubating the mixed muscle-derived cell population with magnetic microbeads beads conjugated to an antibody against CD56 and then passing cells though a magnetic field. CD56+ cells bound to microbeads are retained by the field whereas CD56&#8211; cells pass unimpeded through the column. Cell suspensions from any stage of the sorting process can be plated and cultured. Following a given intervention, cell morphology, and the expression and localization of proteins including nuclear transcription factors can be quantified using immunofluorescent labeling with specific antibodies and an image processing and analysis package.

The main adherent cell types derived from human muscle are myogenic cells and fibroblasts. Here, cell populations are enriched using magnetic-activated cell sorting based on the CD56 antigen. Subsequent immunolabelling with specific antibodies and use of image analysis techniques allows quantification of cytoplasmic and nuclear characteristics in individual cells.

İnsan İskelet Kası İlköğretim andMyogenic Hücreleri ve Fibroblast İzolasyon ve Kantitatif İmmünositokimyasal Karakterizasyonu

The repair and regeneration of skeletal muscle requires the action of satellite cells, which are the resident muscle stem cells. These can be isolated ...

Gelişim Biyolojisi

Tibial Nerve Transection - A Standardized Model for Denervation-induced Skeletal Muscle Atrophy in Mice

The tibial nerve transection model is a well-tolerated, validated, and reproducible model of denervation-induced skeletal muscle atrophy in rodents. Although originally developed and used extensively in the rat due to its larger size, the tibial nerve in mice is big enough that it can be easily manipulated with either crush or transection, leaving the peroneal and sural nerve branches of the sciatic nerve intact and thereby preserving their target muscles. Thus, this model offers the advantages of inducing less morbidity and impediment of ambulation than the sciatic nerve transection model and also allows investigators to study the physiologic, cellular and molecular biologic mechanisms regulating the process of muscle atrophy in genetically engineered mice. The tibial nerve supplies the gastrocnemius, soleus and plantaris muscles, so its transection permits the study of denervated skeletal muscle composed of fast twitch type II fibers and/or slow twitch type I fibers. Here we demonstrate the tibial nerve transection model in the C57Black6 mouse. We assess the atrophy of the gastrocnemius muscle, as a representative muscle, at 1, 2, and 4 weeks post-denervation by measuring muscle weights and fiber type specific cross-sectional area on paraffin-embedded histologic sections immunostained for fast twitch myosin.

The tibial nerve transection model is a well-tolerated, validated, and reproducible model of skeletal muscle atrophy. The model surgical protocol is described and demonstrated in C57Black6 mice. &#160;

Tibial Sinir transeksiyonu - Farelerde denervasyon bağlı İskelet Kas Atrofi için bir Standart Model

The tibial nerve transection model is a well-tolerated, validated, and reproducible model of denervation-induced skeletal muscle atrophy in rodents. ...

Tıp

Isolation, Culture, Characterization, and Differentiation of Human Muscle Progenitor Cells from the Skeletal Muscle Biopsy Procedure

The use of primary human tissue and cells is ideal for the investigation of biological and physiological processes such as the skeletal muscle regenerative process. There are recognized challenges to working with human primary adult stem cells, particularly human muscle progenitor cells (hMPCs) derived from skeletal muscle biopsies, including low cell yield from collected tissue and a large degree of donor heterogeneity of growth and death parameters among cultures. While incorporating heterogeneity into experimental design requires a larger sample size to detect significant effects, it also allows us to identify mechanisms that underlie variability in hMPC&#160;expansion capacity, and thus allows us to better understand heterogeneity in skeletal muscle regeneration. Novel mechanisms that distinguish the expansion capacity of cultures have the potential to lead to the development of therapies to improve skeletal muscle regeneration.

We present techniques for isolating, culturing, characterizing, and differentiating human primary muscle progenitor cells (hMPCs) obtained from skeletal muscle biopsy tissue. hMPCs obtained and characterized through these methods can be used to subsequently address research questions related to human myogenesis and skeletal muscle regeneration.

İskelet Kas Biyopsisi Prosedüründen İnsan Kas Atası Hücrelerinin İzolasyon, Kültür, Karakterizasyonu ve Farklılaşması

The use of primary human tissue and cells is ideal for the investigation of biological and physiological processes such as the skeletal muscle ...

Human Skeletal Muscle Biopsy Procedures Using the Modified Bergstr&#246;m Technique

The percutaneous biopsy technique enables researchers and clinicians to collect skeletal muscle tissue samples. The technique is safe and highly effective. This video describes the percutaneous biopsy technique using a modified Bergstr&#246;m needle to obtain skeletal muscle tissue samples from the vastus lateralis of human subjects. The Bergstr&#246;m needle consists of an outer cannula with a small opening (&#8216;window&#8217;) at the side of the tip and an inner trocar with a cutting blade at the distal end. Under local anesthesia and aseptic conditions, the needle is advanced into the skeletal muscle through an incision in the skin, subcutaneous tissue, and fascia. Next, suction is applied to the inner trocar, the outer trocar is pulled back, skeletal muscle tissue is drawn into the window of the outer cannula by the suction, and the inner trocar is rapidly closed, thus cutting or clipping the skeletal muscle tissue sample. The needle is rotated 90&#176;&#160;and another cut is made. This process may be repeated three more times. This multiple cutting technique typically produces a sample of 100-200 mg or more in healthy subjects and can be done immediately before, during, and after a bout of exercise or other intervention. Following post-biopsy dressing of the incision site, subjects typically resume their activities of daily living right away and can fully participate in vigorous physical activity within 48-72 hr. Subjects should avoid heavy resistance exercise for 48 hr to reduce the risk of herniation of the muscle through the incision in the fascia.

The purpose of this video is to present the modified Bergstr&#246;m skeletal muscle biopsy technique on human subjects.

Modifiye Bergström Tekniği İnsan İskelet Kası Biyopsi Prosedürleri

The percutaneous biopsy technique enables researchers and clinicians to collect skeletal muscle tissue samples. The technique is safe and highly ...

Preparation and Respirometric Assessment of Mitochondria Isolated from Skeletal Muscle Tissue Obtained by Percutaneous Needle Biopsy

Respirometric profiling of isolated mitochondria is commonly used to investigate electron transport chain function. We describe a method for obtaining samples of human Vastus lateralis, isolating mitochondria from minimal amounts of skeletal muscle tissue, and plate based respirometric profiling using an extracellular flux (XF) analyzer. Comparison of respirometric profiles obtained using 1.0, 2.5 and 5.0 &#956;g of mitochondria indicate that 1.0 &#956;g is sufficient to measure respiration and that 5.0 &#956;g provides most consistent results based on comparison of standard errors. Western blot analysis of isolated mitochondria for mitochondrial marker COX IV and non-mitochondrial tissue marker GAPDH indicate that there is limited non-mitochondrial contamination using this protocol. The ability to study mitochondrial respirometry in as little as 20 mg of muscle tissue allows users to utilize individual biopsies for multiple study endpoints in clinical research projects.

Methods for biopsy of Vastus lateralis, preparation of purified mitochondria, and respirometric profiling are described. The use of small muscle volume makes this technique suitable for clinical research applications.

Perkütan İğne Biyopsisi ile Elde Edilen İskelet Kası Doku İzole Mitokondri hazırlanması ve Respirometrik Değerlendirmesi

Respirometric profiling of isolated mitochondria is commonly used to investigate electron transport chain function. We describe a method for obtaining ...

Semi-automated Analysis of Mouse Skeletal Muscle Morphology and Fiber-type Composition

For years, distinctions between skeletal muscle fiber types were best visualized by myosin-ATPase staining. More recently, immunohistochemical staining of myosin heavy chain (MyHC) isoforms has emerged as a finer discriminator of fiber-type. Type I, type IIA, type IIX and type IIB fibers can now be identified with precision based on their MyHC profile; however, manual analysis of these data can be slow and down-right tedious. In this regard, rapid, accurate assessment of fiber-type composition and morphology is a very desirable tool. Here, we present a protocol for state-of-the-art immunohistochemical staining of MyHCs in frozen sections obtained from mouse hindlimb muscle in concert with a novel semi-automated algorithm that accelerates analysis of fiber-type and fiber morphology. As expected, the soleus muscle displayed staining for type I and type IIA fibers, but not for type IIX or type IIB fibers. On the other hand, the tibialis anterior muscle was composed predominantly of type IIX and type IIB fibers, a small fraction of type IIA fibers and little or no type I fibers. Several image transformations were used to generate probability maps for the purpose of measuring different aspects of fiber morphology (i.e., cross-sectional area (CSA), maximal and minimal Feret diameter). The values obtained for these parameters were then compared with manually-obtained values. No significant differences were observed between either mode of analysis with regards to CSA, maximal or minimal Feret diameter (all p &#62; 0.05), indicating the accuracy of our method. Thus, our immunostaining analysis protocol may be applied to the investigation of effects on muscle composition in many models of aging and myopathy.

Immunohistochemical staining of myosin heavy chain isoforms has emerged as the state-of-the-art discriminator of skeletal muscle fiber-type (i.e., type I, type IIA, type IIX, type IIB). Here, we present a staining protocol along with a novel semi-automated algorithm that facilitates rapid assessment of fiber-type and fiber morphology.

Fare kas iskelet morfoloji ve Fiber türü kompozisyon yarı otomatik analizi

For years, distinctions between skeletal muscle fiber types were best visualized by myosin-ATPase staining. More recently, immunohistochemical staining of ...

Nerve Stimulator-guided Injection of Autologous Stem Cells Near the Equine Left Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve

Recurrent laryngeal neuropathy (RLN) commonly affects horses and is characterized by abnormal respiratory sounds and exercise intolerance. The recurrent laryngeal nerve shows lesions of demyelination. The benefit of applying stem cells to demyelinated nerves has been demonstrated in various animal models. The aim of the study was to test the feasibility and safety of a peri-neuronal injection of autologous muscle-derived mesenchymal stem cells to the left recurrent laryngeal nerve in healthy horses by using an electrical nerve stimulator.
Muscle-derived stems cell are obtained from five healthy Standardbred horses by sampling 20 mg of muscle tissue with a semi-automatic 14 G biopsy needle from the triceps muscle. Movements of the larynx are monitored via upper-airway video endoscopy. The left recurrent laryngeal nerve is approached with an insulated nerve block needle. Nerve stimulation is applied, starting at 2 mA, and the successful abduction of the left arytenoid is monitored. The stimulation intensity is reduced progressively. When a loss of the motor response is observed at 0.5 mA, 107 autologous muscle-derived stem cells are injected. Two examiners, who are blinded to the time point, score the laryngeal function of the horses prior to the treatment and at day 1, day 7, and day 28 after the injection of the cells. In a sixth horse, 1 mL of 2% lidocaine is injected to further confirm the correct positioning of the needle. This leads to a temporary paralysis of the left arytenoid cartilage.
This study proves that the recurrent laryngeal nerve can be approached with the help of an electrical nerve stimulator and that the electrical stimulation of the nerve is well tolerated by the horses. No modification of the laryngeal function was observed in any of the horses after the injection of the stem cells. Further studies should be conducted to describe the effects of a peri-neuronal injection of autologous muscle-derived mesenchymal stem cells to horses suffering from RLN.

Here, we present a protocol to inject autologous muscle-derived stem cells in the proximity to the recurrent laryngeal nerve with the help of an electrical nerve stimulator. This novel technique may become useful for the treatment of equine recurrent laryngeal neuropathy.

Otolog kök hücre yakınındaki at sol tekrarlayan gırtlak sinir sinir Stimülatörü güdümlü enjeksiyon

Recurrent laryngeal neuropathy (RLN) commonly affects horses and is characterized by abnormal respiratory sounds and exercise intolerance. The recurrent ...

Immunolabelling Myofiber Degeneration in Muscle Biopsies

The necrosis of muscle fibres (myonecrosis) plays a central role in the pathogenesis of several muscle conditions, including muscular dystrophies. Therapeutic options addressing the causes of muscular dystrophy pathogenesis are expected to alleviate muscle degeneration. Therefore, a method to assay and quantify the extent of cell death in muscle biopsies is needed. Conventional methods to observe myofiber degeneration in situ are either poorly quantitative or rely on the injection of vital dyes. In this article, an immunofluorescence protocol is described that stains necrotic myofibers by targeting immunoglobulin G (IgG) uptake by myofibers. The IgG uptake method is based on cell features characterizing the necrotic demise, including 1) the loss of plasma membrane integrity with the release of damage-associated molecular patterns and 2) the uptake of plasmatic proteins. In murine cross-sections, the co-immunolabelling of myofibers, extracellular matrix proteins, and mouse IgG allows clean and straightforward identification of myofibers with necrotic fate. This simple method is suitable for quantitative analysis and applicable to all species, including human samples, and does not require the injection of vital dye. The staining of necrotic myofibers by IgG uptake can also be paired with other co-immunolabelling.

Described here is a protocol for direct immunolabelling of necrotic myofibers in muscle cryosections. Necrotic cells are permeable to serum proteins, including immunoglobulin G (IgG). Revealing the uptake of IgG by myofibers allows the identification and quantification of myofibers that undergo necrosis regardless of muscle condition.

Kas Biyopsilerinde İmmünlabelling Miyofiber Dejenerasyon

The necrosis of muscle fibres (myonecrosis) plays a central role in the pathogenesis of several muscle conditions, including muscular dystrophies. ...

Biyoloji

Collection of Skeletal Muscle Biopsies from the Superior Compartment of Human Musculus Tibialis Anterior for Mechanical Evaluation

The mechanical properties of contracting skeletal fibers are crucial indicators of overall muscle health, function, and performance. Human skeletal muscle biopsies are often collected for these endeavors. However, relatively few technical descriptions of biopsy procedures, outside of the commonly used musculus vastus lateralis, are available. Although the biopsy techniques are often adjusted to accommodate the characteristics of each muscle under study, few technical reports share these changes to the greater community. Thus, muscle tissue from human participants is often wasted as the operator reinvents the wheel. Expanding the available material on biopsies from a variety of muscles can reduce the incident of failed biopsies. This technical report describes a variation of the modified Bergstr&#246;m technique on the musculus tibialis anterior that limits fiber damage and provides fiber lengths adequate for mechanical evaluation. The surgery is an outpatient procedure that can be completed in an hour. The recovery period for this procedure is immediate for light activity (i.e., walking), up to three days for the resumption of normal physical activity, and about one week for wound care. The extracted tissue can be used for mechanical force experiments and here we present representative activation data. This protocol is appropriate for most collection purposes, potentially adaptable to other skeletal muscles, and may be improved by modifications to the collection needle.

This technical report describes a variation of the modified Bergstr&#246;m technique for the biopsy of the musculus tibialis anterior that limits fiber damage.

Mekanik Değerlendirme için İnsan Musculus Tibialis Anterior Üstün Bölmesi İskelet Kas Biyopsileri Toplama

The mechanical properties of contracting skeletal fibers are crucial indicators of overall muscle health, function, and performance. Human skeletal muscle ...

Isolation of Mitochondria from Mouse Skeletal Muscle for Respirometric Assays

Most of the cell&#39;s energy is obtained through the degradation of glucose, fatty acids, and amino acids by different pathways that converge on the mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) system, which is regulated in response to cellular demands. The lipid molecule Coenzyme Q (CoQ) is essential in this process by transferring electrons to complex III in the electron transport chain (ETC) through constant oxidation/reduction cycles. Mitochondria status and, ultimately, cellular health can be assessed by measuring ETC oxygen consumption using respirometric assays. These studies are typically performed in established or primary cell lines that have been cultured for several days. In both cases, the respiration parameters obtained may have deviated from normal physiological conditions in&#160;any given organ or tissue.
Additionally, the intrinsic characteristics of cultured single fibers isolated from skeletal muscle impede this type of analysis. This paper presents an updated and detailed protocol for the analysis of respiration in freshly isolated mitochondria from mouse skeletal muscle. We also provide solutions to potential problems that could arise at any step of the process. The method presented here could be applied to compare oxygen consumption rates in diverse transgenic mouse models and study the mitochondrial response to drug treatments or other factors such as aging or sex. This is a feasible method to respond to crucial questions about mitochondrial bioenergetics metabolism and regulation.

Here, we describe a detailed method for mitochondria isolation from mouse skeletal muscle and the subsequent analysis of respiration by Oxygen Consumption Rate (OCR) using microplate-based respirometric assays. This pipeline can be applied to study the effects of multiple environmental or genetic interventions on mitochondrial metabolism.

Respirometrik Testler için Fare İskelet Kasından Mitokondri İzolasyonu

Most of the cell&#39;s energy is obtained through the degradation of glucose, fatty acids, and amino acids by different pathways that converge on the ...

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