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Determining the composition of igneous rocks can inform scientists about the past volcanic activity of a location.

Igneous rocks are formed by the cooling and crystallization of high temperature liquid rock, known as magma. Magma is a relatively rare occurrence on the surface and upper layers of the Earth. However, magma can sometimes reach the surface through volcanic eruption or a similar event, forming extrusive igneous rocks. Alternatively, magma that cools and crystallizes under the Earth's surface is referred to as intrusive igne