Name: dissection of saccharomyces cerevisiae asci
Uploaded: 2009-05-19T00:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Dissection of Saccharomyces Cerevisiae Asci at JoVE.com

Le travail dans le laboratoire de l&#39;auteur est financée par les Instituts canadiens de recherche en santé, la Fondation canadienne pour l&#39;innovation, les sciences naturelles et en génie Conseil de recherches et de l&#39;Université Concordia.

Construction de souches diploïdes Protocole pour la production de diploïdes par accouplement <ol><li> Les souches initiale doit être frappé sur milieu YPD, ou sélective, si nécessaire, pour produire des colonies isolées. Les deux souches haploïdes doit être de type sexuel opposé (c.-à-Mata et MATa). </li><li> En utilisant une boucle d&#39;inoculation stériles ramasser une petite partie d&#39;une colonie de l&#39;un des deux souches haploïdes. Sur une strie plaque YPD nouvelle fois la boucle dans un...

<ol>
	<li>Sherman, F., Hicks, J., Guthrie, C., Fink, G. R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Micromanipulation+and+Dissection+of+Asci.">Micromanipulation and Dissection of Asci.</a> Guide to Yeast Genetics and Molecular Biology. , 21-37 (1991).</li></ol>

Dissection La levure est un outil utile pour sélectionner de nouvelles souches avec des marqueurs souhaités. Lors de la détermination du modèle de croissance théorique de quatre ascospores, il est important de regarder le génotype de la cellule végétative. Si un plasmide est présent, il faut savoir s&#39;il est seul exemplaire, faible ou forte que cela aura une incidence qui ascospores (s) de recevoir le plasmide et aura une incidence sur les prévisions et conclusions concernant les souches d&#39;être manipul...

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		<th>Catalogue Number</th>
		<th>Comment</th>
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<td>Singer MSM System 200</td>
<td>Microscope</td>
<td>Singer Instruments</td>
<td>NA</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>D-sorbitol</td>
<td>Reagent</td>
<td>BioShop</td>
<td>SOR508</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
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<td>Tris</td>
<td>Reagent</td>
<td>BioShop</td>
<td>TRS001</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>Zymolyase 100T</td>
<td>Reagent</td>
<td>Seikagaku Corporation</td>
<td>120493</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
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<td>Yeast extract</td>
<td>Reagent</td>
<td>BioShop</td>
<td>YEX401</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
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<td>Peptone</td>
<td>Reagent</td>
<td>BioShop</td>
<td>PEP 403</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
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<td>D-glucose</td>
<td>Reagent</td>
<td>BioShop</td>
<td>GLU501</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
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<td>Yeast nitrogen base</td>
<td>Reagent</td>
<td>BioShop</td>
<td>YNB406</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
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<td>Bio-tryptone</td>
<td>Reagent</td>
<td>BioShop</td>
<td>TRP402</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
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<td>Sodium chloride</td>
<td>Reagent</td>
<td>BioShop</td>
<td>SOD002</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
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<td>Potassium acetate</td>
<td>Reagent</td>
<td>BioShop</td>
<td>POA 301</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
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<td>Agar</td>
<td>Reagent</td>
<td>BioShop</td>
<td>AGR003</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
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<td>Adenine sulfate</td>
<td>Reagent</td>
<td>BioShop</td>
<td>ADS201</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
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<td>L-uracil</td>
<td>Reagent</td>
<td>BioShop</td>
<td>URA 241</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
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<td>Reagent</td>
<td>BioShop</td>
<td>TRP 100</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
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<td>Reagent</td>
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<td>0877-100G</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
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<td>Reagent</td>
<td>BioShop</td>
<td>MET 222</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
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<td>Reagent</td>
<td>BioShop</td>
<td>TYR 333</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
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<td>L-isoleucine</td>
<td>Reagent</td>
<td>BioShop</td>
<td>ISO 910</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
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<td>Reagent</td>
<td>BioShop</td>
<td>VAL 201</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
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<td>L-lysine</td>
<td>Reagent</td>
<td>BioShop</td>
<td>LYS 101</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
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<td>L-phenylalanine</td>
<td>Reagent</td>
<td>BioShop</td>
<td>PHA 302</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>L-glutamic acid</td>
<td>Reagent</td>
<td>BioShop</td>
<td>GLU 202</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>L-threonine</td>
<td>Reagent</td>
<td>BioShop</td>
<td>THR002</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>L-leucine</td>
<td>Reagent</td>
<td>BioShop</td>
<td>LEU 222</td>
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dissection of saccharomyces cerevisiae asci

La levure est un système modèle très souple qui est utilisé pour étudier de nombreux processus cellulaires différents. La souche de laboratoire commun<em&gt; Saccharomyces cerevisiae</em&gt; Existe soit dans un état haploïde ou diploïde. La capacité de combiner des allèles de deux haploïdes et la capacité d&#39;introduire des modifications du génome nécessite la production et la dissection des asques. La production de cellules haploïdes Asques commence par l&#39;accouplement de deux souches haploïdes de levure avec les types d&#39;accouplement compatibles pour produire une souche diploïde. Ceci peut être accompli dans un certain nombre de façons, soit sur support solide ou en liquide. Il est avantageux de choisir pour les diploïdes en milieu qui favorise leur croissance de manière sélective par rapport à l&#39;une des deux souches haploïdes. Les diploïdes sont alors autorisés à sporuler sur pauvres en éléments nutritifs milieu pour former asques, un faisceau de quatre cellules filles haploïdes résultant de la reproduction méiotique des diploïdes. Un mélange de cellules végétatives et asques est ensuite traité avec les enzymes pour digérer zymolyase loin le sac membrane entourant les ascospores de l&#39;ASCI. Par micromanipulation avec une micro-aiguille sous un microscope de dissection on peut ramasser individuels asques et séparée et relocaliser les quatre ascopores. Asques disséqués sont cultivés pendant plusieurs jours et testés pour les marqueurs ou allèles d&#39;intérêt en étalant sur des répliques milieux sélectifs appropriés.

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Dissection of Saccharomyces Cerevisiae Asci at JoVE.com

Dissection of Saccharomyces Cerevisiae Asci

Micromanipulation des cellules de levure est nécessaire pour l&#39;analyse génétique méiotique ou pour sélectionner les zygotes diploïdes. Ces micromanipulations sont effectuées en utilisant le micro-aiguille d&#39;un microscope à dissection. La micro-aiguille est utilisée pour déplacer des cellules et est contrôlé par un micromanipulateur qui sont disponibles avec différents degrés d&#39;automatisation.

Dissection de Saccharomyces cerevisiae Asques

Yeast is a highly tractable model system that is used to study many different cellular processes. The common laboratory strain Saccharomyces cerevisiae ...

dissection-of-saccharomyces-cerevisiae-asci

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Biology

Dissection of Saccharomyces Cerevisiae Asci

Quantitative Phosphoproteomics in Fatty Acid Stimulated Saccharomyces cerevisiae

This protocol describes the growth and stimulation, with the fatty acid oleate, of isotopically heavy and light S. cerevisiae cells. Cells are ground using a cryolysis procedure in a ball mill grinder and the resulting grindate brought into solution by urea solubilization. This procedure allows for the lysis of the cells in a metabolically inactive state, preserving phosphorylation and preventing reorientation of the phosphoproteome during cell lysis.  Following reduction, alkylation, trypsin digestion of the proteins, the samples are desalted on C18 columns and the sample complexity reduced by fractionation using hydrophilic interaction chromatography (HILIC). HILIC columns preferentially retain hydrophilic molecules which is well suited for phosphoproteomics.  Phosphorylated peptides tend to elute later in the chromatographic profile than the non phosphorylated counterparts. After fractionation, phosphopeptides are enriched using immobilized metal chromatography, which relies on charge-based affinities for phosphopeptide enrichment. At the end of this procedure the samples are ready to be quantitatively analyzed by mass spectrometry.

Quantitative Phosphoproteomics in Fatty Acid Stimulated Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Description of a quantitative phosphorylation procedure using cryolysis, urea solubilziation, HILIC fractionation and IMAC enrichment of phosphorylated peptides.

Phosphoprotéomique quantitatives en acide gras Stimulé Saccharomyces cerevisiae</em

This protocol describes the growth and stimulation, with the fatty acid oleate, of isotopically heavy and light S. cerevisiae cells. Cells are ground ...

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Microarray Analysis for Saccharomyces cerevisiae

In this protocol, gene expression in yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) is changed after exposure to oxidative stress induced by the addition of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), an oxidizing agent. In the experiment, yeast is grown for 48 hours in 1/2X YPD broth containing 3X glucose. The culture is split into a control and treated group. The experiment culture is treated with 0.5 mM H2O2 in Hanks Buffered Saline (HBSS) for 1 hour. The control culture is treated with HBSS only. Total RNA is extracted from both cultures and is converted to a biotin-labeled cRNA product through a multistep process. The final synthesis product is taken back to the UVM Microarray Core Facility and hybridized to the Affymetrix yeast GeneChips. The resulting gene expression data are uploaded into bioinformatics data analysis software.

Microarray Analysis for Saccharomyces cerevisiae

In this protocol, gene expression in yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) is changed after exposure to oxidative stress induced by the addition of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), an oxidizing agent.

Analyse de Microarray pour Saccharomyces cerevisiae</em

In this protocol, gene expression in yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) is changed after exposure to oxidative stress induced by the addition of hydrogen ...

A Fluorescence Microscopy Assay for Monitoring Mitophagy in the Yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Autophagy is important for turnover of cellular components under a range of different conditions. It serves an essential homeostatic function as well as a quality control mechanism that can target and selectively degrade cellular material including organelles1-4. For example, damaged or redundant mitochondria (Fig. 1), not disposed of by autophagy, can represent a threat to cellular homeostasis and cell survival. In the yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, nutrient deprivation (e.g., nitrogen starvation) or damage can promote selective turnover of mitochondria by autophagy in a process termed mitophagy 5-9.
We describe a simple fluorescence microscopy approach to assess autophagy. For clarity we restrict our description here to show how the approach can be used to monitor mitophagy in yeast cells. The assay makes use of a fluorescent reporter, Rosella, which is a dual-emission biosensor comprising a relatively pH-stable red fluorescent protein linked to a pH-sensitive green fluorescent protein. The operation of this reporter relies on differences in pH between the vacuole (pH ~ 5.0-5.5) and mitochondria (pH ~ 8.2) in living cells. Under growing conditions, wild type cells exhibit both red and green fluorescence distributed in a manner characteristic of the mitochondria. Fluorescence emission is not associated with the vacuole. When subjected to nitrogen starvation, a condition which induces mitophagy, in addition to red and green fluorescence labeling the mitochondria, cells exhibit the accumulation of red, but not green fluorescence, in the acidic vacuolar lumen representing the delivery of mitochondria to the vacuole. Scoring cells with red, but not green fluorescent vacuoles can be used as a measure of mitophagic activity in cells5,10-12.

A Fluorescence Microscopy Assay for Monitoring Mitophagy in the Yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae

A robust approach to monitor the delivery of organelles to the acidic lumen of the yeast vacuole for degradation and recycling is described. The method relies on the specific labeling of target organelles with a genetically encoded dual-emission fluorescence pH-biosensor, and visualization of individual cells using fluorescence microscopy.

Un test microscopie de fluorescence pour Mitophagy surveillance dans la levure<em&gt; Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Autophagy is important for turnover of cellular components under a range of different conditions. It serves an essential homeostatic function as well as a ...

Visualization and Analysis of mRNA Molecules Using Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

The Fluorescence in situ Hybridization (FISH) method allows one to detect nucleic acids in the native cellular environment. Here we provide a protocol for using FISH to quantify the number of mRNAs in single yeast cells. Cells can be grown in any condition of interest and then fixed and made permeable. Subsequently, multiple single-stranded deoxyoligonucleotides conjugated to fluorescent dyes are used to label and visualize mRNAs. Diffraction-limited fluorescence from single mRNA molecules is quantified using a spot-detection algorithm to identify and count the number of mRNAs per cell. While the more standard quantification methods of northern blots, RT-PCR and gene expression microarrays provide information on average mRNAs in the bulk population, FISH facilitates both the counting and localization of these mRNAs in single cells at single-molecule resolution.

Visualization and Analysis of mRNA Molecules Using Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

This protocol describes an experimental procedure for performing Fluorescence in situ Hybridization (FISH) for counting mRNAs in single cells at single-molecule resolution.

Visualisation et d&#39;analyse de molécules d&#39;ARNm par fluorescence<em&gt; In Situ</em&gt; Hybridation dans<em&gt; Saccharomyces cerevisiae</em

The Fluorescence in situ Hybridization (FISH) method allows one to detect nucleic acids in the native cellular environment. Here we provide a protocol for ...

Coupled Assays for Monitoring Protein Refolding in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Proteostasis, defined as the combined processes of protein folding/biogenesis, refolding/repair, and degradation, is a delicate cellular balance that must be maintained to avoid deleterious consequences 1. External or internal factors that disrupt this balance can lead to protein aggregation, toxicity and cell death. In humans this is a major contributing factor to the symptoms associated with neurodegenerative disorders such as Huntington's, Parkinson's, and Alzheimer's diseases 10. It is therefore essential that the proteins involved in maintenance of proteostasis be identified in order to develop treatments for these debilitating diseases. This article describes techniques for monitoring in vivo protein folding at near-real time resolution using the model protein firefly luciferase fused to green fluorescent protein (FFL-GFP). FFL-GFP is a unique model chimeric protein as the FFL moiety is extremely sensitive to stress-induced misfolding and aggregation, which inactivates the enzyme 12. Luciferase activity is monitored using an enzymatic assay, and the GFP moiety provides a method of visualizing soluble or aggregated FFL using automated microscopy. These coupled methods incorporate two parallel and technically independent approaches to analyze both refolding and functional reactivation of an enzyme after stress. Activity recovery can be directly correlated with kinetics of disaggregation and re-solubilization to better understand how protein quality control factors such as protein chaperones collaborate to perform these functions. In addition, gene deletions or mutations can be used to test contributions of specific proteins or protein subunits to this process. In this article we examine the contributions of the protein disaggregase Hsp104 13, known to partner with the Hsp40/70/nucleotide exchange factor (NEF) refolding system 5, to protein refolding to validate this approach.

Coupled Assays for Monitoring Protein Refolding in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

This article describes the use of a firefly luciferase-GFP fusion protein to investigate in vivo protein folding in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Using this reagent, refolding of a model heat-denatured protein can be monitored simultaneously by fluorescence microscopy and an enzymatic assay to probe the roles of proteostasis network components in protein quality control.

Les analyses couplées pour la surveillance protéines repliement<em&gt; Saccharomyces cerevisiae</em

Proteostasis, defined as the combined processes of protein folding/biogenesis, refolding/repair, and degradation, is a delicate cellular balance that must ...

Purification of the Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator Protein Expressed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Defects in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) protein cause cystic fibrosis (CF), an autosomal recessive disease that currently limits the average life expectancy of sufferers to &#60;40 years of age. The development of novel drug molecules to restore the activity of CFTR is an important goal in the treatment CF, and the isolation of functionally active CFTR is a useful step towards achieving this goal.
We describe two methods for the purification of CFTR from a eukaryotic heterologous expression system, S. cerevisiae. Like prokaryotic systems, S. cerevisiae can be rapidly grown in the lab at low cost, but can also traffic and posttranslationally modify large membrane proteins. The selection of detergents for solubilization and purification is a critical step in the purification of any membrane protein. Having screened for the solubility of CFTR in several detergents, we have chosen two contrasting detergents for use in the purification that allow the final CFTR preparation to be tailored to the subsequently planned experiments.
In this method, we provide comparison of the purification of CFTR in dodecyl-&#946;-D-maltoside (DDM) and 1-tetradecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1&#39;-rac-glycerol) (LPG-14). Protein purified in DDM by this method shows ATPase activity in functional assays. Protein purified in LPG-14 shows high purity and yield, can be employed to study post-translational modifications, and can be used for structural methods such as small-angle X-ray scattering and electron microscopy. However it displays significantly lower ATPase activity.

Purification of the Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator Protein Expressed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Heterologous expression and purification of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) are significant challenges and limiting factors in the development of drug therapies for cystic fibrosis. This protocol describes two methods for the isolation of milligram quantities of CFTR suitable for functional and structural studies.&#160;

Purification de la fibrose kystique régulateur de la conductance transmembranaire protéine exprimée dans<em&gt; Saccharomyces cerevisiae</em

Defects in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) protein cause cystic fibrosis (CF), an autosomal recessive disease that ...

EPR Monitored Redox Titration of the Cofactors of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Nar1

Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) monitored redox titrations are a powerful method to determine the midpoint potential of cofactors in proteins and to identify and quantify the cofactors in their detectable redox state.
The technique is complementary to direct electrochemistry (voltammetry) approaches, as it does not offer information on electron transfer rates, but does establish the identity and redox state of the cofactors in the protein under study. The technique is widely applicable to any protein containing an electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) detectable cofactor.
A typical titration requires 2 ml protein with a cofactor concentration in the range of 1-100 &#181;M. The protein is titrated with a chemical reductant (sodium dithionite) or oxidant (potassium ferricyanide) in order to poise the sample at a certain potential. A platinum wire and a Ag/AgCl reference electrode are connected to a voltmeter to measure the potential of the protein solution. A set of 13 different redox mediators is used to equilibrate between the redox cofactors of the protein and the electrodes. Samples are drawn at different potentials and the Electron Paramagnetic Resonance spectra, characteristic for the different redox cofactors in the protein, are measured. The plot of the signal intensity versus the sample potential is analyzed using the Nernst equation in order to determine the midpoint potential of the cofactor.

EPR Monitored Redox Titration of the Cofactors of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Nar1

The goal of this protocol is to use electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) monitored redox titrations to identify different cofactors of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Nar1. Redox titrations offer a very robust way to obtain midpoint potentials of different redox active cofactors in enzymes and proteins.

EPR surveillé Redox titrage des cofacteurs de<em&gt; Saccharomyces cerevisiae</em&gt; Nar1

Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) monitored redox titrations are a powerful method to determine the midpoint potential of cofactors in proteins and to ...

Measurement of mRNA Decay Rates in Saccharomyces cerevisiae Using rpb1-1 Strains

mRNA steady state levels vary depending on environmental conditions. Regulation of the steady state accumulation levels of an mRNA ensures that the correct amount of protein is synthesized for the cell&#8217;s specific growth conditions. One approach for measuring mRNA decay rates is inhibiting transcription and subsequently monitoring the disappearance of the already present mRNA. The rate of mRNA decay can then be quantified, and an accurate half-life can be determined utilizing several techniques. In S. cerevisiae, protocols that measure mRNA half-lives have been developed and include inhibiting transcription of mRNA using strains that harbor a temperature sensitive allele of RNA polymerase II, rpb1-1. Other techniques for measuring mRNA half-lives include inhibiting transcription with transcriptional inhibitors such as thiolutin or 1,10-phenanthroline, or alternatively, by utilizing mRNAs that are under the control of a regulatable promoter such as the galactose inducible promoter and the TET-off system. Here, we describe measurement of S. cerevisiae mRNA decay rates using the temperature sensitive allele of RNA polymerase II. This technique can be used to measure mRNA decay rates of individual mRNAs or genome-wide.

Measurement of mRNA Decay Rates in Saccharomyces cerevisiae Using rpb1-1 Strains

The steady state level of specific mRNAs is determined by the rate of synthesis and decay of the mRNA. Genome-wide mRNA degradation rates or the decay rates of specific mRNAs can be measured by determining mRNA half-lives. This protocol focuses on measurement of mRNA decay rates in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Mesure de la dégradation de l&#39;ARNm Tarifs en<em&gt; Saccharomyces cerevisiae</em&gt; Utilisation<em&gt; Rpb1-1</em&gt; Les souches

mRNA steady state levels vary depending on environmental conditions. Regulation of the steady state accumulation levels of an mRNA ensures that the ...

Rapid Identification of Chemical Genetic Interactions in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Determining the mode of action of bioactive chemicals is of interest to a broad range of academic, pharmaceutical, and industrial scientists. Saccharomyces cerevisiae, or budding yeast, is a model eukaryote for which a complete collection of ~6,000 gene deletion mutants and hypomorphic essential gene mutants are commercially available. These collections of mutants can be used to systematically detect chemical-gene interactions, i.e. genes necessary to tolerate a chemical. This information, in turn, reports on the likely mode of action of the compound. Here we describe a protocol for the rapid identification of chemical-genetic interactions in budding yeast. We demonstrate the method using the chemotherapeutic agent 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), which has a well-defined mechanism of action. Our results show that the nuclear TRAMP RNA exosome and DNA repair enzymes are needed for proliferation in the presence of 5-FU, which is consistent with previous microarray based bar-coding chemical genetic approaches and the knowledge that 5-FU adversely affects both RNA and DNA metabolism. The required validation protocols of these high-throughput screens are also described.

Rapid Identification of Chemical Genetic Interactions in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Here we present a cost-effective method for defining chemical-genetic interactions in budding yeast. The approach is built on fundamental techniques in yeast molecular biology and is well suited for the mechanistic interrogation of small to medium collections of chemicals and other media environments.

Identification rapide des interactions chimiques génétiques dans<em&gt; Saccharomyces cerevisiae</em

Determining the mode of action of bioactive chemicals is of interest to a broad range of academic, pharmaceutical, and industrial scientists. ...

Directed Evolution Method in Saccharomyces cerevisiae: Mutant Library Creation and Screening

Directed evolution in Saccharomyces cerevisiae offers many attractive advantages when designing enzymes for biotechnological applications, a process that involves the construction, cloning and expression of mutant libraries, coupled to high frequency homologous DNA recombination in vivo. Here, we present a protocol to create and screen mutant libraries in yeast based on the example of a fungal aryl-alcohol oxidase (AAO) to enhance its total activity. Two protein segments were subjected to focused-directed evolution by random mutagenesis and in vivo DNA recombination. Overhangs of ~50 bp flanking each segment allowed the correct reassembly of the AAO-fusion gene in a linearized vector giving rise to a full autonomously replicating plasmid. Mutant libraries enriched with functional AAO variants were screened in S. cerevisiae supernatants with a sensitive high-throughput assay based on the Fenton reaction. The general process of library construction in S. cerevisiae described here can be readily applied to evolve many other eukaryotic genes, avoiding extra PCR reactions, in vitro DNA recombination and ligation steps.

Directed Evolution Method in Saccharomyces cerevisiae: Mutant Library Creation and Screening

We present a detailed protocol to construct and screen mutant libraries for directed evolution campaigns in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Réalisé Evolution Méthode<em&gt; Saccharomyces cerevisiae</em&gt;: Mutant Library Création et dépistage

Directed evolution in Saccharomyces cerevisiae offers many attractive advantages when designing enzymes for biotechnological applications, a process that ...