The elasticity of supply measures how responsive the quantity supplied of a good or service is to changes in its price. When supply is elastic, a small change in price leads to a proportionally larger change in quantity supplied. This indicates suppliers can easily adjust their production levels in response to price fluctuations. Conversely, when supply is inelastic, changes in price result in relatively smaller changes in quantity supplied, suggesting that suppliers have less flexibility in adjusting their production levels.

For example, the supply of commodities like wheat or rice may be elastic because farmers can adjust their planting and harvesting decisions relatively quickly in response to market price changes. In contrast, the supply of specialized goods like vintage wines or rare artworks may be inelastic because it takes time to produce or acquire these items, and their supply cannot easily be increased in response to price changes.

Understanding the elasticity of supply is crucial for businesses and policymakers as it helps predict how changes in price will affect the quantity supplied and informs decisions about pricing strategies, resource allocation, and market regulation.