Name: Powder Characterization and Probiotic Viability
Uploaded: 2023-04-07T14:45:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Powder Characterization and Probiotic Viability at JoVE.com

The video explains methods to determine moisture content, water activity, and probiotic viability in dried products. It details the use of Karl Fisher Equipment and hygrometers for moisture tests, along with serial dilutions and agar plating for probiotic counts. Results indicate that higher spray drying temperatures reduce probiotic viability but maintain powder yield.

powder characterization and probiotic viability

Ottimizzazione della qualità dei prodotti probiotici essiccati a spruzzo attraverso lo sviluppo del processo

To be defined as probiotics, microorganisms added to foods (or supplements) have to be consumed alive, be able to survive during passage in the gastrointestinal tract of the host, and reach the site of action in adequate amounts to exert beneficial effects1,2,7.
The growing interest in probiotics is due to the several benefits to human health they confer, such as the stimulation of the immune system, the reduction of serum cholesterol levels, and the enhancement of gut barrier function by acting against harmful microbes, as well as their beneficial effects in the treatment of the irritable bowel syndrome, among others2,3. In addition, several studies have demonstrated that probiotics can positively affect other parts of the human body where unbalanced microbial communities can cause infectious diseases3,4,5.
For probiotics to be therapeutically effective, the product should contain between 106-107 CFU/g of bacteria at the time of consumption6. On the other hand, the Italian Ministry of Health and Health Canada have established that the minimum level of probiotics in food should be 109 CFU/g of viable cells per day or per serving, respectively7. Considering high loads of probiotics are needed to guarantee they will have beneficial effects, it is essential to guarantee their survival during processing, shelf storage, and passage through the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Several studies have demonstrated that microencapsulation is an effective method to improve the overall viability of probiotics8,9,10,11.
In this context, several methods have been developed for the microencapsulation of probiotics, such as spray-drying, freeze-drying, spray-chilling, emulsion, extrusion, coacervation, and, more recently, fluidized beds11,12,13,14. Microencapsulation by spray-drying (SD) is widely used in the food industry because it is a simple, fast, and reproducible process. It is easy to scale up, and it has a high production yield at low energy requirements11,12,13,14. Nonetheless, the exposure to high temperatures and low moisture content can affect the survival and viability of the probiotic cells15. Both parameters can be improved for a given strain by determining the effects of culture age and conditions to pre-adapt the culture and optimize the spray-drying conditions (inlet and outlet temperatures, atomization process) and the encapsulating composition8,14,16,17,18.
The composition of the encapsulating solution is also an important factor during SD as it can define the level of protection against adverse environmental conditions. Inulin, Arabic gum, maltodextrins, and skim milk are widely used as encapsulating agents for probiotic drying5,17,18,19. Inulin is a fructooligosaccharide that presents a strong prebiotic activity and promotes intestinal health19. Skim milk is very effective in maintaining the viability of dried bacterial cells and generates a powder with good reconstitution properties17.
Lactiplantibacillus paraplantarum FT-259 is a lactic acid bacterium that produces bacteriocin and presents antilisterial activity, besides probiotic traits20,21. It is a facultative heterofermentative rod-shaped Gram-positive bacterium that grows from 15 &#176;C to 37 &#176;C20 and is compatible with the homeostatic body temperature. This study aimed to present all the steps involved in the production and physicochemical characterization of a spray-dried probiotic (L. paraplantarum FT-259) and evaluate the influence of the protectants and drying temperatures.

Autore in primo piano: Sviluppo di processi per l'essiccazione a spruzzo di batteri probiotici e valutazione della qualità del prodotto  

Sviluppo di processi per l'essiccazione a spruzzo di batteri probiotici e valutazione della qualità del prodotto

In our laboratory, we do research on beneficial microbes, including probiotics, which are live microorganisms that can be added to food to improve the health of consumers, Usually by competing with pathogenic bacteria in the gut to exclude them and relieve symptoms, like diarrhea or other gastrointestinal disorders. Nowadays, many techniques have been applied to guarantee that the probiotics will survive in food during the shelf life. And also, they needed to tolerate the harsh conditions of the gastrointestinal tract to exert their beneficial effects inside the gut.We studied many technologies that can enhance the survival of probiotics, either in food or in the human host. Among the techniques, microencapsulation by spray drying is of great interest because it's simple, fast, and reproducible, providing high yields at low energy requirements. It's challenging, however, to determine the right conditions to obtain dried probiotics.And for that, suitable protectants must be chosen. Skim milk, maltodextrin, or other like probiotic inulin have been used with different probiotic strains. The area of microencapsulation is a happily evolving field of research that has the potential to impact the food industry by providing new products to be used as functional ingredients.In this study, we demonstrate how to obtain a microencapsulated preparation of a potential probiotic culture using the spray drying technique. We also show how to determine the main parameters to characterize the powder, obtain it, and how to evaluate the survival rate of the probiotic.

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Powder Characterization and Probiotic Viability at JoVE.com

Powder Characterization and Probiotic Viability  

Caratterizzazione della polvere e vitalità probiotica

Per determinare il contenuto di umidità del prodotto, pesare con precisione 100 milligrammi del prodotto essiccato e posizionarlo nel recipiente di titolazione di Karl Fisher Equipment. Avviare la titolazione biamperometrica dell'acqua presente nel campione premendo il pulsante di iniziazione. Per determinare l'attività dell'acqua, pesare 0,6 grammi di prodotto essiccato nel comparto del campione dell'igrometro a 25 gradi Celsius e chiudere il coperchio dell'apparecchiatura.Per determinare la vitalità probiotica, diluire la coltura batterica in nove millilitri di acqua peptidica e vortice fino alla completa dispersione. Eseguire diluizioni decimali seriali con coltura batterica diluita in nove millilitri di soluzione salina. Seminare le diluizioni su piastre di agar De Man, Rogosa e Sharpe e incubare a 37 gradi Celsius per 24-48 ore.Dopo l'incubazione, contare le unità formanti colonie o CFU utilizzando un contacolonie con lente d'ingrandimento. Calcolare la vitalità probiotica nel prodotto essiccato utilizzando l'equazione data per esprimere il numero di cellule vitali in CFU per grammo di dispersione del prodotto. I risultati dell'essiccazione a spruzzo dei probiotici a 80 gradi Celsius hanno mostrato che i distinti ausili di essiccazione hanno promosso una protezione efficiente delle cellule probiotiche.L'aumento della temperatura di essiccazione a spruzzo tendeva a diminuire la vitalità probiotica e ha raggiunto quasi l'80% a 160 gradi Celsius. Tuttavia, la resa in polvere è rimasta intorno al 50% a tutte le temperature. Il contenuto di umidità della polvere e l'attività dell'acqua sono diminuiti inversamente con la temperatura di essiccazione a spruzzo.

Research

JoVE Journal

Biology

Powder Characterization and Probiotic Viability

Process Development for the Spray-Drying of Probiotic Bacteria and Evaluation of the Product Quality

Probiotics and prebiotics are of great interest to the food and pharmaceutical industries due to their health benefits. Probiotics are live bacteria that ...