Name: Preparation of Germ-Free Nasonia Rearing Medium (NRM)
Uploaded: 2023-07-21T14:40:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Preparation of Germ-Free Nasonia Rearing Medium NRM at JoVE.com

preparation of germ-free nasonia rearing medium (nrm)

Mikropsuz Nasonia Yaban Arıları Yetiştirme

Germ-free animals are animals that have no detectable living microorganisms and parasites1. Germ-free embryos can be obtained by dissecting the mother under aseptic conditions and subsequently raised in barrier systems2. Such animals can be used to study the effects of microorganisms on animals, such as on the intestinal microbiota, immune system, and metabolism1. With certain technical means, many insects and even mammals can be rendered sterile3,4. Germ-free animals have a unique role and have been widely used in various aspects of microbiology research5. For example, the use of germ-free Nasonia wasps has revealed that microorganisms can help hosts adapt to new environments under long-term exogenous environmental stress6,7.
Nasonia parasitoids are small parasitic wasps that inject their eggs into the pupae of flies4. There are four known species of Nasonia, including Nasonia vitripennis, Nasonia longicornis, Nasonia giraulti, and Nasonia oneida8. N. vitripennis can be found worldwide, while the other three species have limited ranges in North America4. Nasonia parasitoid wasps are regarded as ideal model insects because of their characteristics, such as easy cultivation, short reproduction cycle, sequenced genome, and long term diapause8,9. They can be used to study various aspects of insect evolution, genetics, development, behavior, and symbiosis10. Moreover, Nasonia parasitoid wasps can also help control harmful flies in agriculture and disease11. The successful establishment of a sterile insect system involves two major steps: (1) sterilization of the embryos and (2) provision of sterile food to the larvae in vitro. In order to obtain sterile food, Brucker and Bordenstein12 developed Nasonia rearing medium (NRMv1) in 2012 by using chemicals such as antibiotics, bleach, and fetal bovine serum to kill bacteria12. However, the chemical sterilization method resulted in low survival and eclosion rates of N. vitripennis13. Then, in 2016, Shropshire et al. developed NRMv2 by using a filter sterilization method instead of a chemical sterilization method to eliminate the hazards of antibiotics and other substances, and optimized the breeding process13. Unfortunately, this method still has some disadvantages, such as the challenges associated with preparing and using the medium, as well as the risks of drowning, underfeeding, or dehydration for the embryos, larvae, and closed pupae14. Wang and Brucker14 recently improved the Nasonia rearing media version 3 (NRMv3) and the germ-free rearing version 2 (GFRv2) protocols. These improvements reduced the cost and media consumption. However, the NRMv3 has a very short storage time and is highly susceptible to contamination.
Building on NRMv3, the NRM preparation tool storage method and nutrient ratio were optimized in this study. This methodological refinement facilitates using N. vitripennis as a model for microbiome studies. Compared with the NRMv3 developed by Wang et al.14, the improved tool for squeezing Sarcophaga bullata pupa, one of the NRM raw materials, greatly enhances the production efficiency of S. bullata pupa tissue fluid compared with the 60 mL syringe with a bottom hole used by Wang et al.14. We adjusted the nutrient ratio of NRM, which led to a certain increase in the survival rate of germ-free Nasonia wasps without affecting their development time. In addition, the NRM was packed into small-capacity centrifuge tubes (1.5 mL) and frozen in a -20 &#176;C refrigerator to extend the storage time. It is worth noting that while we used the housefly Lucilia sericata as the host and source for NRM preparation, this protocol can likely be adapted for other Nasonia hosts that are available in the laboratory.

Yazar Spotlight: Mikropsuz Yaban Arılarının Yetiştirme Prosedürünü Optimize Etme  

Mikropsuz eşekarısı yetiştirme prosedürünün optimize edilmesi

Our research focuses on the study of insect-microbiota interactions, specifically investigating the impact of in those symbiotic bacteria and exploring the dynamics of host-microbe relationships. Germ-free Nasonia is an essential tool for conducting this research. Current research utilize technologies such as high-throughput sequencing, germ-free insect rearing, transcriptoptomics, proteomics, and advanced microscope.This tool enable comprehensive analysis and virtualization of insect-microbe host interaction for advancing our understanding of this field. The optimized the procedure for preparing the Nasonia Rearing Medium provides economic advantages and saves time and effort. Additionally, it effectively reduces the risk of NRM contamination during the feeding process, greatly improving the efficiency of producing aseptic Nasonia

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Preparation of Germ-Free Nasonia Rearing Medium NRM at JoVE.com

Preparation of Germ-Free Nasonia Rearing Medium (NRM)  

Mikropsuz Nasonya Yetiştirme Ortamının (NRM) Hazırlanması

Başlamak için, piyasada bulunan Lucillia sericata pupalarını bir kağıda yerleştirin. Az gelişmiş larvaları, koyu yaşlı pupaları, boş öğrenci kabuklarını, talaşları veya diğer safsızlıkları atın. Genç kahverengimsi kırmızı renkli pupaları bir behere aktarın ve pupaları deiyonize suya batırın.Beheri infoil veya gazlı bezle sarın ve pupalardaki yüzey kirliliklerini temizlemek için çalkalayın. Sonra suyu atın. Temizlenmiş pupaları sarımsak presinin filtre tankına yerleştirin ve sertçe sıkın.Daha sonra pupa dokusu sıvısını 50 milimetrelik steril bir santrifüj tüpünde toplayın ve dört santigrat derecede 10 dakika boyunca 25.000 x g'de santrifüj edin. 22 gauge steril bir iğne kullanarak, protein tabakasını yeni bir 50 milimetrelik polipropilen santrifüj tüpüne toplayın ve protein ekstraktına eşit oranda ticari sıvı drosophila ortamı ekleyin. Farklı boyutlardaki parçacıkları karışımdan çıkarmak için, farklı gözenek boyutlarında filtre kağıdına sahip bir vakum filtreleme sistemi kullanarak filtreleyin.Tıkanmayı önlemek için, akış yavaşladığında filtre kağıdını değiştirin. Filtrat santrifüj edildikten sonra, süpernatantı 0.22 mikrometrelik bir şırınga filtresinden sterilize edin ve hazırlanan nasonya yetiştirme ortamını veya NRM aliquots'u daha sonraki kullanıma kadar 20 santigrat derecede saklayın.

Research

JoVE Journal

Biology

Preparation of Germ-Free Nasonia Rearing Medium (NRM)

Optimizing the Rearing Procedure of Germ-Free Wasps

Aseptic rearing technology is a method of culturing insects under sterile or almost sterile conditions, which can effectively eliminate the influence of ...