Name: Isolation of Synovial Macrophages
Uploaded: 2023-02-24T13:30:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Isolation of Synovial Macrophages at JoVE.com

isolation of synovial macrophages

염증성 관절염 밝혀내기: 활막 세포의 기능 탐구

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease characterized by hyperplasia of the synovium, leading to joint destruction1,2. Tissue-resident macrophages and fibroblasts are present in healthy synovium to maintain joint homeostasis. In RA patients, synovial fibroblasts (SFs) proliferate, and immune cells, including monocytes, infiltrate into the synovium and joint fluid, processes associated with inflammation1,3,4. Synovial macrophages (SMs), which include resident macrophages and peripheral blood monocyte-derived macrophages, and SFs are aberrantly activated and have important roles in RA pathogenesis. Recent studies have suggested that cell-cell interactions between SMs and SFs contributes to both the exacerbation and remission of RA5,6. 
To understand RA pathogenesis, several rodent models of inflammatory arthritis have been used, including K/BxN serum transfer arthritis, collagen-induced arthritis, and collagen antibody-induced arthritis. Cell-based assays are generally required to clarify molecular functions in arthritis. Therefore, primary cells from animal models of arthritis have been isolated. The method to isolate SFs from murine arthritis tissue is well established, and these cells have contributed to the elucidation of molecular mechanisms in arthritis pathogenesis7,8. On the other hand, bone marrow-derived macrophages, blood monocyte-derived macrophages, and macrophage cell lines have often been used as macrophage resources for arthritis studies9,10. Since macrophages can acquire functions associated with their microenvironment, general sources of macrophages may lack responses specific to arthritis tissue. In addition, it is difficult to obtain enough synovial cells by sorting, as murine synovium is a very small tissue even in arthritis models. The lack of usage of synovial macrophages for in vitro studies has been a limitation in arthritis studies. The establishment of a protocol to isolate and expand synovial macrophages would be an advantage for the elucidation of pathological mechanisms in RA.
In the previous method to isolate SFs, SMs were discarded7. Besides that, a method to isolate and expand resident macrophages from some organs was reported11. Therefore, existing protocols were modified in combination. The modification aims to achieve the primary culture of both SMs and SFs with high purity. The overall goal of this method is to isolate and expand both SMs and SFs from murine arthritis tissue.

저자 스포트라이트: Isolation and Culture of primary Synovial macrophages and Fibroblasts from murine Arthritis Tissue (쥐 관절염 조직에서 원발성 활막 대식세포 및 섬유아세포의 분리 및 배양)  

쥐 관절염 조직에서 Primary Synovial Macrophages and Fibroblasts의 분리 및 배양

Cell-based assays are required to clarify molecular functions. In arthritis studies, the method to isolate primary cells is well established in synovial fibroblasts, but not in synovial macrophages. Therefore, we developed a protocol to isolate and expand both synovial macrophages and synovial fibroblasts from arthritis models.Primary synovial fibroblasts from murine arthritis tissue have contributed to the elucidation of molecular mechanisms in arthritis pathogenesis. On the other hand, bone marrow-derived macrophages, blood monocyte-derived macrophages, and macrophage cell lines have often been used as macrophage resources for arthritis studies. Since macrophages can acquire functions associated with their microenvironment, general sources of macrophages may lack responses specific to arthritis tissue.In addition, it is difficult to obtain enough synovial cells by sorting, as murine synovium is a very small tissue even in arthritis models. In the previous method to isolate synovial fibroblasts, synovial macrophages were discarded. Besides that, a method to isolate and expand resident macrophages from some organs was reported.Therefore, existing protocols were modified in combination to isolate and expand both synovial macrophages and synovial fibroblasts from murine arthritis tissue. This method can isolate both macrophages and fibroblasts from inflammatory synovium with high purity, and it is simple and reproducible. This method allows the expansion of synovial macrophages under co-culture with synovial fibroblasts.Also, the method provides an advantage, in that synovial fibroblasts can be used with fewer passages. The established protocol would be an advantage for elucidation of pathological mechanisms in rheumatoid arthritis.

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Isolation of Synovial Macrophages at JoVE.com

Isolation of Synovial Macrophages  

활막 대 식세포의 분리

시작하기 전에 활막 섬유아세포 분리를 수행하고 이 절차에서 콜라겐 코팅 접시에서 수집한 비부착성 세포를 사용합니다. 콜라겐으로 코팅되지 않은 40 내지 60 밀리미터 접시에 비부착성 세포를 시딩한다. 벌크 세포를 섭씨 37도에서 5% 이산화탄소로 가습된 분위기에서 하루 동안 배양합니다.비부착성 림프구를 제거하려면 배양된 배지를 흡인한 다음 새로운 배양 배지를 추가합니다. 합류를 유지하면서 2일마다 배지를 교체하면서 부착된 벌크 세포를 1-2주 동안 배양합니다. 그런 다음 PBS 또는 HBSS로 두 번 씻으십시오.HBSS에서 0.05% 트립신으로 처리하여 활막 대식세포를 선택하고 5% 이산화탄소로 가습된 분위기에서 섭씨 37도에서 3분 동안 배양합니다. 그런 다음 배양 배지를 HBSS의 0.05% 트립신에 부드럽게 추가합니다. 이 단계 후에 배지를 세포에 직접 붓지 마십시오.분리된 세포를 제거하려면 배양된 배지를 흡인한 다음 신선한 배양 배지를 부드럽게 추가합니다. 두세 번 반복하고 사용할 때까지 신선한 배양 배지에서 접시 위의 세포를 유지합니다. 7 내지 8주령의 암컷 C57BL/6 마우스로부터 대식세포-유사 세포를 분리하고, RT-qPCR에 의해 분석하였다.범대식세포 마커 CD68, EMR1, ITGAM, CSF1R의 mRNA 발현은 활막염 조직으로부터 풍부한 대식세포 분리를 나타내었다. 대식세포의 순도를 확립하기 위해, 대식세포 및 다른 세포 유형에 대한 표면 단백질 마커를 유세포 분석에 의해 분석하였다. 세포의 90% 이상이 대식세포 마커인 CD45, CD11b 및 F4/80을 발현한 반면, 호중구 마커인 Ly6G와 T 세포 마커인 CD3의 발현은 1% 미만이었습니다

Research

JoVE Journal

Biology

Isolation of Synovial Macrophages

Isolation and Culture of Primary Synovial Macrophages and Fibroblasts from Murine Arthritis Tissue

Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune disease that leads to chronic inflammation of joints. Synovial macrophages and synovial fibroblasts have central roles in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis. It is important to understand the functions of both cell populations to reveal the mechanisms underlying pathological progression and remission in inflammatory arthritis. In general, in vitro experimental conditions should mimic the in vivo environment as much as possible. Primary tissue-derived cells have been used in experiments characterizing synovial fibroblasts in arthritis. In contrast, in experiments investigating the biological functions of macrophages in inflammatory arthritis, cell lines, bone marrow-derived macrophages, and blood monocyte-derived macrophages have been used. However, it is unclear whether such macrophages actually reflect the functions of tissue-resident macrophages. To obtain resident macrophages, previous protocols were modified to isolate and expand both primary macrophages and fibroblasts from synovial tissue in an inflammatory arthritis mouse model. These primary synovial cells may be useful for in vitro analysis of inflammatory arthritis.

The present study provides a modified protocol to isolate synovial macrophages and fibroblasts from murine inflammatory arthritis tissue.

Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune disease that leads to chronic inflammation of joints. Synovial macrophages and synovial fibroblasts have central ...

연구

생물학

Digestion of Synovitis Tissue

Begin by placing the dissected mouse knee joints in a culture dish. Aspirate the culture medium and add fresh culture medium. Repeat the washing three or four times.Then under a stereo microscope, dislocate all the joints in the culture medium by pulling them using fine point tweezers. Remove the tibia and as many vessels, tendons, and ligaments as possible, being careful not to break the bones. Prepare two 15 milliliter tubes per sample.Using tweezers, transfer the dislocated bones with soft tissues to the first tube. For each sample obtained from both hind paws add four milliliters of digestion medium to the tube. To collect residual cells and tissue fragments transfer the culture medium from the dissection dish to the second 15 milliliter tube.Centrifuge the medium at 500 G for 5 minutes at room temperature. After removing the supernatant, resuspend the pellet with one milliliter of digestion medium. And transfer this solution to the first 15 milliliter tube so that it contains almost all the tissue, in total five milliliters of digestion medium.Then digest the sample for 60 to 120 minutes at 37 degrees Celsius with shaking in a hybridization oven. After incubation, mix the sample by pipetting and filter the cell solution through a 40 micron cell strainer into a 50 milliliter tube. Add 10 milliliters of culture medium to the tube through the cell strainer.Centrifuge at 300 G for 5 minutes at room temperature. Remove the supernatant and resuspend the cell pellet with 10 milliliters of culture medium. Repeat the centrifugation, discard the supernatant, and resuspend the pellet with two milliliters of culture medium.

활액막염 조직의 소화

Isolation of Synovial Fibroblasts

Use the cell suspensions obtained after digestion of mouse knee joints, and seed the suspension on the collagen-coated dish. Incubate the dish for one hour at 37 degrees Celsius in a humidified atmosphere with 5%carbon dioxide. After incubation, collect non-adherent cells using a pipette.Wash the collagen coated dish with culture medium, and collect the medium. Then, add fresh medium to the dish to culture the adherent cells that exhibit a fibroblastoid morphology. Treat the cells with 0.05%trypsin in Hank's balanced salt solution, and passage the sub confluent cells.If highly pure fibroblast-like cells are required, perform repeated passaging. Ensure to use cells with less than five passages. Fibroblast-like cells were isolated from inflammatory arthritis tissue, induced in seven to eight weeks old female C57BL/6 mice.The purity of the isolated cells was assessed by RTQPCR mRNA expression of synovial fibroblast markers, such as Vcam1, Cdh11, Col6a1, and Csf1 in the isolated cells suggested that the fibroblast-rich fractions were isolated from synovitis tissue.

활막 섬유아세포의 분리

Before beginning, perform synovial fibroblast isolation and use the non-adherent cells collected from the collagen-coated dish in this procedure. Seed the non-adherent cells on 40 to 60 millimeter dishes that have not been coated with collagen. Culture the bulk cells for one day at 37 degrees Celsius in a humidified atmosphere with 5%carbon dioxide.To remove non-adherent lymphocytes, aspirate the cultured medium and then add fresh culture medium. Culture the adherent bulk cells for one to two weeks with medium changes every two days, while maintaining confluence. Then wash two times with PBS or HBSS.Select for synovial macrophages by treating with 0.05%trypsin in HBSS and incubate for three minutes at 37 degrees Celsius in a humidified atmosphere with 5%carbon dioxide. Then add culture medium gently to 0.05%trypsin in HBSS. After this step, do not pour the medium directly onto the cells.To remove detached cells, aspirate the cultured medium and then add fresh culture medium gently. Repeat two or three times and maintain the cells on the dish in fresh culture medium until use. Macrophage-like cells were isolated from seven to eight weeks old female C57BL/6 mice and analyzed by RT-qPCR.mRNA expression of pan-macrophage markers CD68, EMR1, ITGAM, CSF1R showed macrophage rich isolation from the synovitis tissue. To establish the purity of macrophages, surface protein markers for macrophages and other cell types were analyzed by flow cytometry. More than 90%of the cells expressed macrophage markers CD45, CD11b and F4/80, whereas the expression of neutrophil marker Ly6G and T-cell marker CD3 was lower than 1%