Name: Ex Vivo Confocal Imaging of Mouse Retina
Uploaded: 2023-06-30T13:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Ex Vivo Confocal Imaging of Mouse Retina at JoVE.com

ex vivo confocal imaging of mouse retina

Maus-Retina-OCT-Fibergramm-Ausrichtung mit konfokalen Bildern

Retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) play a critical role in visual information processing, receiving synaptic inputs through their dendritic trees in the inner plexiform layer (IPL) and transmitting the information via their axons in the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) to the brain1,2,3,4. In diseased conditions such as glaucoma, early RGC degeneration may result in subtle changes in the RNFL, the ganglion cell layer (GCL), the IPL, and the optic nerve in both patients and rodent models5,6,7,8,9. Early detection of these morphological changes in RGCs is thus essential for timely intervention to prevent RGC and vision loss.
We have recently developed a new clinical-ready imaging technology called visible-light optical coherence tomography (vis-OCT) to satisfy the need for in vivo monitoring of RGC damage. Vis-OCT improved the axial resolution, reaching 1.3 &#181;m in the retina10, 11, allowing for the visualization of individual RGC axon bundles in the RNFL. Subsequently, vis-OCT fibergraphy (vis-OCTF) was established to track and quantify RGC damage at the single axon bundle level in mice11,12,13. However, ex vivo confocal imaging of the same retina as the gold standard is often necessary to validate the in vivo findings. Therefore, this study will demonstrate how to align in vivo images acquired by vis-OCTF with ex vivo confocal images of the same mouse retina. The protocol aims to validate the in vivo findings by ex vivo confocal imaging and establish a foundation for examining the molecular and cellular changes underlying RGC damage in diseased conditions.

Autor im Rampenlicht: Fortschritte in der In-vivo- und Ex-vivo-Netzhautbildgebung für eine verbesserte Glaukomdiagnose und -behandlung 

Abgleich von optischen Kohärenztomographie-Fasergrammen im sichtbaren Licht mit konfokalen Bildern derselben Maus-Netzhaut

We present a protocol for aligning in vivo VIS-OCT images with ex vivo immunostained retinal nerve fibers to validate our novel imaging technology. VIS-OCT enables visualization of retinal nerve fibers in vivo, and this process confirms the accuracy of our findings. Our protocol combines in vivo and ex vivo imaging to provide a real time visualization of retina structure and confirm findings.The process is applicable to mouse models of eye diseases, provided the anterior eye portion allows for optical imaging. This includes diabetic retinopathy and retinal ischemia models. These studies lay the foundation for establishing an objective evaluation of neuro damage in humans, which can significantly improve glaucoma diagnosis and treatment in the future.

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Ex Vivo Confocal Imaging of Mouse Retina at JoVE.com

Ex Vivo Confocal Imaging of Mouse Retina  

Konfokale Ex-vivo-Bildgebung der Netzhaut der Maus

Enukleieren Sie die Augen einer euthanasierten Maus und markieren Sie die Schläfenseite zu Orientierungszwecken. Entfernen Sie die vordere Kammer. Entfernen Sie dann die Linse und den Glaskörper und legen Sie die Augenmuscheln für 30 Minuten in Paraformaldehyd.Spülen Sie die Augenmuscheln 30 Minuten lang mit PBS. Ersetzen Sie die Lösung dreimal. Anschließend 30 Minuten lang mit 0,5 % Triton X-100 waschen.Inkubieren Sie die Augenmuscheln zwei Stunden lang bei Raumtemperatur im Blockierungspuffer. Nach der Immunfärbung isolieren Sie die Netzhaut mit einem Mikroskop von den Augenmuscheln. Teilen Sie die Netzhaut in vier Blätter und montieren Sie sie flach mit der retinalen Ganglienzellschicht nach oben.Stellen Sie sicher, dass die Markierung auf der Schläfenseite zur Orientierung angebracht bleibt. Decken Sie die Netzhaut mit Montagemedium ab. Legen Sie Deckgläser auf.Und versiegeln Sie die Objektträger mit Nagellack. Schalten Sie das konfokale Mikroskop ein und suchen Sie im Lokalisierungsmodus mit dem Okular den gewünschten Bereich. Wechseln Sie in den Erfassungsmodus und richten Sie Kacheln ein, die die gesamte Netzhaut abdecken, zusammen mit Z-Stack-Schichten für alle Informationsebenen.Bilden Sie mindestens 25 Kacheln über die gesamte Netzhaut ab, um ein Gesamtvolumen zu erreichen. Projizieren Sie die Z-Stack-Schichten, um zweidimensionale konfokale Mikroskopiebilder auf der Oberfläche zu erzeugen. Das zusammengesetzte Vis-OCT-Fasergramm wird mit dem entsprechenden konfokalen Bild einer flach montierten Netzhaut verglichen, die mit TuJ1 für RGC-Axone immungefärbt wurde.Blutgefäße weisen unterscheidbare Verzweigungsstrukturen auf, die mit den ICAM-2-markierten Blutgefäßen auf dem konfokalen Bild abgeglichen werden können. Ein direkter Vergleich zwischen konfokaler Ex-vivo-Mikroskopie und In-vivo-Vis-OCT ergab identische RGC-Axonbündelnetzwerke und das umgebende retinale Gefäßsystem.

Research

JoVE Journal

Neuroscience

Ex Vivo Confocal Imaging of Mouse Retina

Alignment of Visible-Light Optical Coherence Tomography Fibergrams with Confocal Images of the Same Mouse Retina

In recent years, in vivo retinal imaging, which provides non-invasive, real-time, and longitudinal information about biological systems and processes, has been increasingly applied to obtain an objective assessment of neural damage in eye diseases. Ex vivo confocal imaging of the same retina is often necessary to validate the in vivo findings especially in animal research. In this study, we demonstrated a method for aligning an ex vivo confocal image of the mouse retina with its in vivo images. A new clinical-ready imaging technology called visible light optical coherence tomography fibergraphy (vis-OCTF) was applied to acquire in vivo images of the mouse retina. We then performed the confocal imaging of the same retina as the &#34;gold standard&#34; to validate the in vivo vis-OCTF images. This study not only enables further investigation of the molecular and cellular mechanisms but also establishes a foundation for a sensitive and objective evaluation of neural damage in vivo.

The present protocol outlines the steps for aligning in vivo visible-light optical coherence tomography fibergraphy (vis-OCTF) images with ex vivo confocal images of the same mouse retina for the purpose of verifying the observed retinal ganglion cell axon bundle morphology in the in vivo images.

In recent years, in vivo retinal imaging, which provides non-invasive, real-time, and longitudinal information about biological systems and processes, has ...

Forschung

Neurowissenschaften

In Vivo Visible Light Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) Mouse Retinal Imaging

Start by positioning the anesthetized mouse on the animal holder and securing it with two Velcro straps. Turn on the computer and open the software to activate the laser. Adjust the animal holder to center the laser in the mouse's eye.Visualize the posterior part through an on-face preview, the field of view of the superficial vascular plexus, a B scan, and the retina cross-section within the field of view. Acquire a visible light optical coherence tomography, or vis-OCT volume after making minor adjustments to the optical focus. Align the optical nerve head in each of the four corners of the field of view to cover different retinal areas.Use an intensity-based threshold method to detect the retina surface, and generate vis-OCT fiber grams from the volume. Crop the retinal nerve fiber layer, or RNFL, by selecting the first 16 micrometers depth. Next, calculate the mean intensity projection along the axial direction to generate the fiber gram image composed of retinal ganglion cell axon bundles and surrounding vasculature.Align the blood vessels using a graphics editor to montage the four images post-processing. The composite vis-OCT fiber gram is compared with the corresponding confocal image of flat-mounted retina immunostained with TUJ1 for RGC axons. Blood vessels exhibit distinguishable branching structures which can be matched with the ICAM II labeled blood vessels on the confocal image.Side-by-side comparison between ex vivo confocal microscopy and in vivo vis-OCT revealed identical RGC exon bundle networks and surrounding retinal vasculature.

Optische In-vivo-Kohärenztomographie (OCT) mit sichtbarem Licht Retina-Bildgebung der Maus

Enucleate the eyes of a euthanized mouse, marking the temporal side for orientation purposes. Remove the anterior chamber. Then remove the lens and vitreous and place eye cups in paraformaldehyde for 30 minutes.Wash eye cups with PBS for 30 minutes. Replacing the solution three times. Then, wash with 0.5%Triton X-100 for 30 minutes.Incubate eye cups in the blocking buffer for two hours at room temperature. After immunostaining, isolate the retinas from the eye cups using a microscope. Divide the retinas into four leaves and flat mount them with the retinal ganglion cell layer facing up.Ensure the mark on the temporal side remains attached for orientation. Cover the retinas with mounting medium. Place cover slips.And seal the slides using nail polish. Turn on the confocal microscope and under Locate mode, find the area of interest using the eye piece. Switch to Acquisition mode and set up tiles to cover the entire retina, along with Z-Stack slices for all layers of information.Image at least 25 tiles across the whole retina to achieve a total volume. Project the Z-Stack slices to generate two-dimensional on-face confocal microscopy images. The composite vis-OCT fibergram is compared with the corresponding confocal image of flat mounted retina immunostained with TuJ1 for RGC axons.Blood vessels exhibit distinguishable branching structures which can be matched with the ICAM-2 labeled blood vessels on the confocal image. Side-by-side comparison between ex vivo confocal microscopy and in vivo vis-OCT revealed identical RGC axon bundle networks and surrounding retinal vasculature.

Alignment of In Vivo and Ex Vivo Mouse Retinal Images

Start by creating a composite image using the four obtained images from each mouse. Utilize a graphics editor to align all the blood vessels, employ the optic nerve head and blood vessel patterns as landmarks for aligning the composite fiber gram overlap the composite images and the confocal images of the same retina stained with ICAM2, to achieve in vivo and ex vivo alignment. The composite vis-oct fiber gram is compared with the corresponding confocal image of flat mounted retina.Immuno stain with TUJ1 for RGC axons. Blood vessels exhibit distinguishable branching structures which can be matched with the ICAM2 labeled blood vessels on the confocal image. Side-by-side comparison between ex vivo confocal microscopy and in vivo vis-oct revealed identical RGC Axon bundle networks and surrounding retinal vasculature.