Name: 气球标签组装和连接到传感器鱼帽
Uploaded: 2023-10-13T12:10:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Balloon Tag Assembly and Attachment to Sensor Fish Caps at JoVE.com

balloon tag assembly and attachment to sensor fish caps

优化球囊标签组件以恢复传感器鱼和活鱼

Hydropower is a significant renewable energy resource worldwide. In the United States, hydropower contributes an estimated 38% or 274 TWh of electricity generated from renewable sources1 and has the potential to add approximately 460 TWh per year2. However, as hydropower development increases, concerns about fish injury and mortality during hydraulic passage have become paramount3. Various mechanisms contribute to fish injuries during passage, including rapid decompression (barotrauma), shear stress, turbulence, strikes, cavitation, and grinding4. Although these injury mechanisms may not have an immediate impact on the overall condition of the fish, they can render them more vulnerable to diseases, fungal infections, parasites, and predation5. Additionally, direct physical injuries resulting from collisions with turbines or other hydraulic structures can lead to significant mortality, emphasizing the importance of mitigating these risks in hydropower development.
One of the most common methods for evaluating fish passage conditions is releasing Sensor Fish and live fish through hydraulic structures6,7. The Sensor Fish is an autonomous device designed to study the physical conditions that fish experience during passage through hydraulic structures, including turbines, spillways, and dam bypass alternatives8,9. Equipped with a 3D accelerometer, 3D gyroscope, temperature sensor, and pressure sensor9, the Sensor Fish provides valuable data on fish passage conditions.
Balloon tags, which are self-inflating balloons attached externally to Sensor Fish and live fish, assist in their recovery after passing through hydraulic structures. The balloon tags consist of dissolvable capsules filled with gas-generating chemicals (e.g., oxalic acid and sodium bicarbonate), a silicone stopper, and a fishing line. Prior to deployment, water is injected through the silicone stopper into the balloon. The water dissolves the vegetable-based capsules, triggering a chemical reaction that produces gas&#160;inflating the balloon. In this neutralization reaction, sodium bicarbonate, a weak base, and oxalic acid, a weak acid, react to form carbon dioxide, water, and sodium oxalate10. The chemical reaction is provided below:
2NaHCO3+ H2C2O4 &#8594; 2CO2 + 2H2O + Na2C2O4
The inflated balloon increases the buoyancy of the Sensor Fish and live fish, enabling them to float on&#160;the water surface for easier recovery.
The number of balloon tags required to achieve flotation and facilitate the retrieval of a sample (e.g., Sensor Fish or live fish) may vary based on the volume and mass characteristics of the sample. The duration of balloon tag inflation can be adjusted by injecting water at different temperatures. Colder water will increase the inflation time, while warmer water will decrease it. Balloon tags have been successfully employed in various locations, including the Farmers Screen, a unique horizontal, flat-plate fish and debris screen structure in Hood River, Oregon11, and a Francis turbine at Nam Ngum Dam in the Lao People&#39;s Democratic Republic12. Another commercially available balloon tag example is the Hi-Z Turb&#39;N Tag13,14. The Hi-Z Turb&#39;N Tag allows inflation time to be adjusted between 2 min and 60 min, depending on the injected water temperature13. This technology has been used in fish studies at many field sites, including studies involving Chinook salmon smolts released at Rocky Reach Dam on the Columbia River and juvenile American shad at Hadley Falls Dam on the Connecticut River15,16. Both technologies utilize acid-base&#160;chemical reactions to inflate the balloon tags for recovery.
This method offers cost-effectiveness and simplicity in manufacturing, with an estimated material cost of only $0.50 per balloon. As described here, the manufacturing process is easy to follow, making balloon tag production accessible to anyone.

作者聚焦：为鱼类通道研究开发经济高效且可定制的球囊标签 

用于传感器鱼和活鱼回收的气球标签制造技术

This research focuses on developing and evaluating cost-effective balloon tags for fish passage studies and hydraulic structures. Our aim is to assess the effectiveness of different balloon tag configurations for the recovery of sensor fish and live fish after they pass through these hydraulic structures. The balloon tag protocol we developed offer a cost effectiveness, customizability, and adjustable inflation times.It is a low-cost solution for large scale studies with limited budgets. It helps to understand the impact of hydraulic structures on fish and can be tailored to different species and environments. We have developed a cost-effective balloon tag manufacturing process.This will enhance our understanding of balloon tag performances under different conditions, enabling tailored testing and facilitating environmental impact assessments for developing and operating fish-friendly hydropower systems.

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Balloon Tag Assembly and Attachment to Sensor Fish Caps at JoVE.com

气球标签组装和连接到传感器鱼帽

要开始气球标签组装，请小心地将穿孔工具插入硅胶塞中。然后将连接到塞子的穿刺工具插入 15 号注射器针头。之后，从硅胶塞上取下穿孔工具，只留下嵌入塞子中的针头。从 50 磅重的钓鱼线上切下一块 6 英寸的鱼。通过 15 号针将钓鱼线片插入硅胶塞中。在将鱼塞和鱼线握在一起的同时，小心地将针从鱼塞上缩回，将鱼线留在鱼塞内。接下来，将两个酸性粉末填充胶囊插入乳胶球囊中。使用橡皮筋膨胀工具（如去势带钳），轻轻扩大球囊开口。然后小心地将一个硅胶塞插入气球开口，确保将钓鱼线的两端保持在气球外。将两个 O 形圈放在橡皮筋膨胀工具上并展开它们。将乳胶球囊的颈部推过两个扩展的 O 形圈。小心地将两个 O 形圈从橡皮筋膨胀工具上拉开，让它们紧紧缠绕在气球的脖子上，以塞子为中心。将钓鱼线的一端插入传感器鱼盖上的一个小孔，然后将其拉过中心的大孔。将钓鱼线的两端绑在一起，从盖子顶部到气球底座留出 0.5 到 1 英寸的间隙。保持额外的钓鱼线连接，因为将其剪得太靠近结可能会导致它解开。研究在两种不同温度下使用不同水量的气球标签的平均充气时间发现，与12.7摄氏度相比，在18.3摄氏度下使用水时，完全充气发生得更快。胶囊在较低温度下溶解较慢会导致延迟充气。在测试条件下，在摄氏18.3度下注入5毫升水的三个胶囊气球标签表现出一致的尺寸，平均体积为114立方厘米。在 18.3 摄氏度时，四个胶囊气球标签显示出更快的充气开始时间。然而，两个胶囊和四个胶囊气球标签的完全充气时间几乎相同。三个胶囊气球标签首先开始放气，然后是四个胶囊，最后是两个胶囊气球标签。

Research

JoVE Journal

Engineering

Balloon Tag Assembly and Attachment to Sensor Fish Caps

Balloon Tag Manufacturing Technique for Sensor Fish and Live Fish Recovery

Fish may experience injuries and mortality when they pass through hydraulic conveyances at hydropower dams, even if these conveyances are designed to be ...