Name: Montering og fastgørelse af ballonmærke til sensorfiskehætter
Uploaded: 2023-10-13T12:10:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Balloon Tag Assembly and Attachment to Sensor Fish Caps at JoVE.com

balloon tag assembly and attachment to sensor fish caps

Optimering af ballonmærkesamling for at genvinde sensorfisk og levende fisk

Hydropower is a significant renewable energy resource worldwide. In the United States, hydropower contributes an estimated 38% or 274 TWh of electricity generated from renewable sources1 and has the potential to add approximately 460 TWh per year2. However, as hydropower development increases, concerns about fish injury and mortality during hydraulic passage have become paramount3. Various mechanisms contribute to fish injuries during passage, including rapid decompression (barotrauma), shear stress, turbulence, strikes, cavitation, and grinding4. Although these injury mechanisms may not have an immediate impact on the overall condition of the fish, they can render them more vulnerable to diseases, fungal infections, parasites, and predation5. Additionally, direct physical injuries resulting from collisions with turbines or other hydraulic structures can lead to significant mortality, emphasizing the importance of mitigating these risks in hydropower development.
One of the most common methods for evaluating fish passage conditions is releasing Sensor Fish and live fish through hydraulic structures6,7. The Sensor Fish is an autonomous device designed to study the physical conditions that fish experience during passage through hydraulic structures, including turbines, spillways, and dam bypass alternatives8,9. Equipped with a 3D accelerometer, 3D gyroscope, temperature sensor, and pressure sensor9, the Sensor Fish provides valuable data on fish passage conditions.
Balloon tags, which are self-inflating balloons attached externally to Sensor Fish and live fish, assist in their recovery after passing through hydraulic structures. The balloon tags consist of dissolvable capsules filled with gas-generating chemicals (e.g., oxalic acid and sodium bicarbonate), a silicone stopper, and a fishing line. Prior to deployment, water is injected through the silicone stopper into the balloon. The water dissolves the vegetable-based capsules, triggering a chemical reaction that produces gas&#160;inflating the balloon. In this neutralization reaction, sodium bicarbonate, a weak base, and oxalic acid, a weak acid, react to form carbon dioxide, water, and sodium oxalate10. The chemical reaction is provided below:
2NaHCO3+ H2C2O4 &#8594; 2CO2 + 2H2O + Na2C2O4
The inflated balloon increases the buoyancy of the Sensor Fish and live fish, enabling them to float on&#160;the water surface for easier recovery.
The number of balloon tags required to achieve flotation and facilitate the retrieval of a sample (e.g., Sensor Fish or live fish) may vary based on the volume and mass characteristics of the sample. The duration of balloon tag inflation can be adjusted by injecting water at different temperatures. Colder water will increase the inflation time, while warmer water will decrease it. Balloon tags have been successfully employed in various locations, including the Farmers Screen, a unique horizontal, flat-plate fish and debris screen structure in Hood River, Oregon11, and a Francis turbine at Nam Ngum Dam in the Lao People&#39;s Democratic Republic12. Another commercially available balloon tag example is the Hi-Z Turb&#39;N Tag13,14. The Hi-Z Turb&#39;N Tag allows inflation time to be adjusted between 2 min and 60 min, depending on the injected water temperature13. This technology has been used in fish studies at many field sites, including studies involving Chinook salmon smolts released at Rocky Reach Dam on the Columbia River and juvenile American shad at Hadley Falls Dam on the Connecticut River15,16. Both technologies utilize acid-base&#160;chemical reactions to inflate the balloon tags for recovery.
This method offers cost-effectiveness and simplicity in manufacturing, with an estimated material cost of only $0.50 per balloon. As described here, the manufacturing process is easy to follow, making balloon tag production accessible to anyone.

Forfatter Spotlight: Udvikling af omkostningseffektive og tilpasselige ballonmærker til fiskepassageundersøgelser 

Ballonmærkefremstillingsteknik til sensorfisk og genopretning af levende fisk

This research focuses on developing and evaluating cost-effective balloon tags for fish passage studies and hydraulic structures. Our aim is to assess the effectiveness of different balloon tag configurations for the recovery of sensor fish and live fish after they pass through these hydraulic structures. The balloon tag protocol we developed offer a cost effectiveness, customizability, and adjustable inflation times.It is a low-cost solution for large scale studies with limited budgets. It helps to understand the impact of hydraulic structures on fish and can be tailored to different species and environments. We have developed a cost-effective balloon tag manufacturing process.This will enhance our understanding of balloon tag performances under different conditions, enabling tailored testing and facilitating environmental impact assessments for developing and operating fish-friendly hydropower systems.

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Balloon Tag Assembly and Attachment to Sensor Fish Caps at JoVE.com

Montering og fastgørelse af ballonmærke til sensorfiskehætter

For at starte ballonmærkesamlingen skal du forsigtigt indsætte piercingværktøjet i silikoneproppen. Sæt derefter piercingværktøjet, der er fastgjort til proppen, i en 15 gauge sprøjtekanyle. Fjern derefter piercingværktøjet fra silikoneproppen, så kun nålen er indlejret i proppen.Skær et seks tommer stykke fra en 50 pund fiskelinje. Sæt fiskesnørestykket ind i silikoneproppen gennem 15 gauge nålen. Mens du holder proppen og fiskesnøren sammen, trækkes nålen forsigtigt ud af proppen og efterlader fiskesnøren inde i proppen.Indsæt derefter to syrebaserede pulverfyldte kapsler i en latexballon. Brug et gummibåndudvidelsesværktøj som en kastreringsbåndtang til forsigtigt at udvide ballonåbningen. Indsæt derefter forsigtigt en silikoneprop i ballonåbningen, og sørg for at holde de to ender af fiskelinen uden for ballonen.Placer to O-ringe på elastikkens udvidelsesværktøj, og udvid dem. Skub latexballonens hals gennem de to udvidede O-ringe. Træk forsigtigt de to O-ringe væk fra elastikkens udvidelsesværktøj, og lad dem være tæt viklet rundt om ballonens hals centreret på proppen.Indsæt den ene ende af fiskesnøren gennem et af de små huller i sensorens fiskehætte, og træk den gennem det store hul i midten. Bind begge ender af fiskelinjen sammen, så der er et mellemrum på 0,5 til en tomme fra toppen af hætten til ballonbasen. Hold den ekstra fiskeline fastgjort, da det kan få den til at løsne sig, hvis du klipper den for tæt på en knude.Undersøgelse af den gennemsnitlige inflationstid for ballonmærker med forskellige mængder vand ved to forskellige temperaturer afslørede, at fuld inflation opstod hurtigere, når man brugte vand ved 18,3 grader Celsius sammenlignet med 12,7 grader Celsius. En langsommere opløsning af kapslerne ved lavere temperaturer forårsagede forsinket inflation. Blandt de testede betingelser udviste de tre kapselballonmærker injiceret med fem milliliter vand ved 18,3 grader Celsius ensartet størrelse med et gennemsnitligt volumen på 114 kubikcentimeter.Ved 18,3 grader Celsius viste de fire kapselballonmærker en hurtigere starttid for inflationen. De fulde inflationstider for de to kapsel- og fire kapselballonmærker var dog næsten identiske. De tre kapselballonmærker begyndte at tømme først efterfulgt af de fire kapsler og til sidst de to kapselballonmærker.

Research

JoVE Journal

Engineering

Balloon Tag Assembly and Attachment to Sensor Fish Caps

Balloon Tag Manufacturing Technique for Sensor Fish and Live Fish Recovery

Fish may experience injuries and mortality when they pass through hydraulic conveyances at hydropower dams, even if these conveyances are designed to be ...