Name: Ballongmerkemontering og festing til sensoriskapper
Uploaded: 2023-10-13T12:10:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Balloon Tag Assembly and Attachment to Sensor Fish Caps at JoVE.com

balloon tag assembly and attachment to sensor fish caps

Optimalisering av ballongmerkemontering for å gjenvinne sensorfisk og levende fisk

Hydropower is a significant renewable energy resource worldwide. In the United States, hydropower contributes an estimated 38% or 274 TWh of electricity generated from renewable sources1 and has the potential to add approximately 460 TWh per year2. However, as hydropower development increases, concerns about fish injury and mortality during hydraulic passage have become paramount3. Various mechanisms contribute to fish injuries during passage, including rapid decompression (barotrauma), shear stress, turbulence, strikes, cavitation, and grinding4. Although these injury mechanisms may not have an immediate impact on the overall condition of the fish, they can render them more vulnerable to diseases, fungal infections, parasites, and predation5. Additionally, direct physical injuries resulting from collisions with turbines or other hydraulic structures can lead to significant mortality, emphasizing the importance of mitigating these risks in hydropower development.
One of the most common methods for evaluating fish passage conditions is releasing Sensor Fish and live fish through hydraulic structures6,7. The Sensor Fish is an autonomous device designed to study the physical conditions that fish experience during passage through hydraulic structures, including turbines, spillways, and dam bypass alternatives8,9. Equipped with a 3D accelerometer, 3D gyroscope, temperature sensor, and pressure sensor9, the Sensor Fish provides valuable data on fish passage conditions.
Balloon tags, which are self-inflating balloons attached externally to Sensor Fish and live fish, assist in their recovery after passing through hydraulic structures. The balloon tags consist of dissolvable capsules filled with gas-generating chemicals (e.g., oxalic acid and sodium bicarbonate), a silicone stopper, and a fishing line. Prior to deployment, water is injected through the silicone stopper into the balloon. The water dissolves the vegetable-based capsules, triggering a chemical reaction that produces gas&#160;inflating the balloon. In this neutralization reaction, sodium bicarbonate, a weak base, and oxalic acid, a weak acid, react to form carbon dioxide, water, and sodium oxalate10. The chemical reaction is provided below:
2NaHCO3+ H2C2O4 &#8594; 2CO2 + 2H2O + Na2C2O4
The inflated balloon increases the buoyancy of the Sensor Fish and live fish, enabling them to float on&#160;the water surface for easier recovery.
The number of balloon tags required to achieve flotation and facilitate the retrieval of a sample (e.g., Sensor Fish or live fish) may vary based on the volume and mass characteristics of the sample. The duration of balloon tag inflation can be adjusted by injecting water at different temperatures. Colder water will increase the inflation time, while warmer water will decrease it. Balloon tags have been successfully employed in various locations, including the Farmers Screen, a unique horizontal, flat-plate fish and debris screen structure in Hood River, Oregon11, and a Francis turbine at Nam Ngum Dam in the Lao People&#39;s Democratic Republic12. Another commercially available balloon tag example is the Hi-Z Turb&#39;N Tag13,14. The Hi-Z Turb&#39;N Tag allows inflation time to be adjusted between 2 min and 60 min, depending on the injected water temperature13. This technology has been used in fish studies at many field sites, including studies involving Chinook salmon smolts released at Rocky Reach Dam on the Columbia River and juvenile American shad at Hadley Falls Dam on the Connecticut River15,16. Both technologies utilize acid-base&#160;chemical reactions to inflate the balloon tags for recovery.
This method offers cost-effectiveness and simplicity in manufacturing, with an estimated material cost of only $0.50 per balloon. As described here, the manufacturing process is easy to follow, making balloon tag production accessible to anyone.

Forfatter Spotlight: Utvikle kostnadseffektive og tilpassbare ballongmerker for fiskepassasjestudier 

Balloon Tag Manufacturing Technique for Sensor Fish og Live Fish Recovery

This research focuses on developing and evaluating cost-effective balloon tags for fish passage studies and hydraulic structures. Our aim is to assess the effectiveness of different balloon tag configurations for the recovery of sensor fish and live fish after they pass through these hydraulic structures. The balloon tag protocol we developed offer a cost effectiveness, customizability, and adjustable inflation times.It is a low-cost solution for large scale studies with limited budgets. It helps to understand the impact of hydraulic structures on fish and can be tailored to different species and environments. We have developed a cost-effective balloon tag manufacturing process.This will enhance our understanding of balloon tag performances under different conditions, enabling tailored testing and facilitating environmental impact assessments for developing and operating fish-friendly hydropower systems.

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Balloon Tag Assembly and Attachment to Sensor Fish Caps at JoVE.com

Ballongmerkemontering og festing til sensoriskapper

For å starte ballongmerkemonteringen, sett piercingverktøyet forsiktig inn i silikonproppen. Sett deretter piercingverktøyet festet til proppen inn i en 15 gauge sprøytenål. Fjern deretter piercingverktøyet fra silikonproppen og la bare nålen være innebygd i proppen.Klipp en seks tommers stykke fra en 50 pund fiskelinje. Sett fiskesnørestykket inn i silikonproppen gjennom 15-målernålen. Mens du holder stopperen og fiskesnøret sammen, trekker du forsiktig nålen fra stopperen og forlater fiskesnøret inne i proppen.Deretter setter du inn to syrebaserte pulverfylte kapsler i en latexballong. Bruk et ekspansjonsverktøy for gummibånd som en kastreringsbåndtang, og utvid ballongåpningen forsiktig. Sett deretter forsiktig en silikonpropp inn i ballongåpningen, og sørg for å holde de to endene av fiskelinjen utenfor ballongen.Plasser to O-ringer på gummistrikkens ekspansjonsverktøy og utvid dem. Skyv nakken på latexballongen gjennom de to utvidede O-ringene. Trekk forsiktig de to O-ringene bort fra gummibåndets ekspansjonsverktøy, slik at de er tett viklet rundt ballongens hals sentrert på proppen.Sett den ene enden av fiskesnøret gjennom et av de små hullene i sensorens fiskehette og trekk den gjennom det store hullet i midten. Bind begge ender av fiskelinjen sammen og la et gap på 0,5 til en tomme fra toppen av hetten til ballongbunnen. Hold det ekstra fiskesnøret festet, da det å kutte det for nær en knute kan føre til at det løsner.Studier av gjennomsnittlig inflasjonstid for ballongmerker med forskjellige mengder vann ved to forskjellige temperaturer viste at full inflasjon skjedde raskere ved bruk av vann ved 18,3 grader Celsius sammenlignet med 12,7 grader Celsius. En langsommere oppløsning av kapslene ved lavere temperaturer forårsaket forsinket inflasjon. Blant de testede forholdene viste de tre kapselballongmerkene injisert med fem milliliter vann ved 18,3 grader Celsius konsistent størrelse med et gjennomsnittlig volum på 114 kubikkcentimeter.Ved 18,3 grader Celsius viste de fire kapselballongmerkene en raskere inflasjonsstarttid. Imidlertid var de fulle inflasjonstidene for de to kapsel- og fire kapselballongmerkene nesten identiske. De tre kapselballongmerkene begynte å tømmes først etterfulgt av de fire kapselene, og til slutt de to kapselballongmerkene.

Research

JoVE Journal

Engineering

Balloon Tag Assembly and Attachment to Sensor Fish Caps

Balloon Tag Manufacturing Technique for Sensor Fish and Live Fish Recovery

Fish may experience injuries and mortality when they pass through hydraulic conveyances at hydropower dams, even if these conveyances are designed to be ...