concrete sample image acquisition to extract concrete characteristics

Directional Gradient Histogram and SVM for Identifying Concrete Vibration States

Concrete is a fundamental building material extensively used in the construction industry. During pumping, the concrete frequently develops voids that require compaction through vibration. Inadequate vibration may result in a honeycombed concrete surface, while excessive vibration can lead to concrete segregation1,2. The quality of vibration operation significantly impacts the strength3,4,5,6 and durability of the formed concrete structures7,8. Cai et al.9,10 conducted a study that combined experimental research with numerical analysis to investigate the influence mechanism of vibration on aggregate settlement and concrete durability. The findings revealed that vibration time and aggregate particles exert a substantial impact on aggregate settlement, while aggregate density and the plastic viscosity of the cement-based material have minimal effects. Vibration causes aggregate deposition at the bottom of the concrete specimens. Moreover, as the vibration time increases, the chloride ion concentration decreases at the bottom of the concrete specimens while significantly increasing at the top9,10.
Currently, the assessment of concrete vibration state relies predominantly on manual judgment. As the construction industry continues to progress through intelligent reforms, robot operations have emerged as the future direction11,12. Consequently, a crucial challenge in intelligent vibration operations is how to enable robots to identify the vibration state of concrete.
The histogram of the oriented gradient is a technique that utilizes the intensity gradient of pixels or the distribution of edge directions as a descriptor to characterize the representation and shape of objects in images13,14. This approach operates on the local grid cells of the image, providing robust stability in characterizing image changes under various geometric and optical conditions.
Zhou et al.15 proposed a method for directly extracting directional gradient features from Bayer mode images. This approach omits numerous steps in calculating the directional gradient by matching the color filter column with the gradient operator, thereby significantly reducing the computational requirements for directional gradient image recognition. He et al.16 utilized the directional gradient histogram as the underlying feature and employed the mean clustering algorithm to classify rail fasteners and determine whether the fasteners are defective. The recognition results indicated that the histogram of the oriented gradient feature exhibited high sensitivity to fastener defects, meeting the needs of railway maintenance and repair. In another study, Xu et al.17 preprocessed face image features using Gabor wavelet filtering and reduced the dimension of feature vectors through binary coding and the HOG algorithm. The average recognition accuracy of the method is 92.5%.
The support vector machine (SVM)18 is used to map the vector into a high-dimensional space and establishes a separating hyperplane with a suitable direction to maximize the distance between two parallel hyperplanes. This allows for the classification of support vectors19. Scholars have improved and optimized this classification technology, leading to its application in various fields such as image recognition20,21, text classification22, reliability prediction23, and fault diagnosis24.
Li et al.25 developed a two-stage SVM model for seismic failure pattern recognition, focusing on three seismic failure modes. The analysis results indicate that the proposed two-stage SVM method can achieve more than 90% accuracy for the three failure modes. Yang et al.26 integrated an optimization algorithm with the SVM to simulate the relationship between the five ultrasonic parameters and the stress of the loaded concrete. The performance of an unoptimized SVM is unsatisfactory, particularly in the low-stress stage. However, traversing the model optimized by the algorithm yields improved results, albeit with lengthy computation times. In comparison, the particle swarm optimization optimized SVM significantly reduces the calculation time while delivering optimal simulation results. Yan et al.27 employed SVM technology and introduced a precision-insensitive loss function to predict the elastic modulus of high-strength concrete, comparing its prediction accuracy against the traditional regression model and neural network model. The research findings demonstrate that the SVM technology produces a smaller prediction error for elastic modulus compared to other methods.
This paper collects image samples of concrete under various vibration states and describes the concrete&#39;s different states using the directional gradient histogram technique. The directional gradient is employed as a feature vector for training the SVM, and the study focuses on the viability of using the directional gradient histogram-SVM technology to identify the vibration state of concrete. Additionally, the paper analyzes the influence mechanism between three key parameters-binarization threshold, directional gradient statistical block size, and directional gradient statistical interval number-in the feature extraction process of the directional gradient histogram and the recognition accuracy of the SVM.

Author Spotlight: Efficient Image Recognition Using Directional Gradient Histogram Technique and Support Vector Machines 

Support Vector Machine을 기반으로 한 콘크리트 진동 상태의 이미지 인식 및 파라미터 분석

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Concrete Sample Image Acquisition to Extract Concrete Characteristics at JoVE.com

Concrete Sample Image Acquisition to Extract Concrete Characteristics  

구체적인 특성을 추출하기 위한 구체적인 샘플 이미지 획득

시작하려면 펌프 트럭을 사용하여 콘크리트를 지정된 작업장으로 운반하십시오. 전원 키 스위치를 오른쪽으로 밀고 켜짐 위치로 돌려 이미징 장비를 활성화합니다. 카메라 모드 노브를 녹색으로 표시된 자동 모드로 설정합니다.그리고 카메라 렌즈가 콘크리트 표면과 평행한지 확인하십시오. 그런 다음 셔터 키를 눌러 이미지를 캡처합니다. 진동되지 않은 콘크리트의 이미지 샘플 20개를 캡처하여 각각 JPEG 형식으로 저장합니다.다음으로, 콘크리트 진동 장비의 진동 부품을 콘크리트에 삽입하십시오. 전원 공급 장치를 연결하고 콘크리트 진동 장비를 켜짐 위치로 돌려 활성화합니다. 콘크리트 표면의 붕괴 및 시멘트 슬러리를 캡처하려면 카메라 렌즈를 평행하게 유지하십시오.셔터 키를 눌러 이미지를 캡처하고 진동 콘크리트의 이미지 샘플 20개를 수집합니다. 진동 장비를 계속 작동하십시오. 프로세스를 마친 후 앞서 설명한 대로 진동 콘크리트의 이미지 샘플 20개를 캡처합니다.진동되지 않은 콘크리트, 진동 콘크리트 및 진동 콘크리트 샘플의 이미지가 여기에 표시됩니다.

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Concrete Sample Image Acquisition to Extract Concrete Characteristics

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129 조회수.  Wuhan University. 시작하려면 펌프 트럭을 사용하여 콘크리트를 지정된 작업장으로 운반하십시오. 전원 키 스위치를 오른쪽으로 밀고 켜짐 위치로 돌려 이미징 장비를 활성화합니다. 카메라 모드 노브를 녹색으로 표시된 자동 모드로 설정합니다.그리고 카메라 렌즈가 콘크리트 표면과 평행한지 확인하십시오. 그런 다음 셔터 키를 눌러 이미지를 캡처합니다. 진동되지 않은 콘크리트의 ?...

비디오: Concrete Sample Image Acquisition to Extract Concrete Characteristics  

Image Recognition and Parameter Analysis of Concrete Vibration State Based on Support Vector Machine

In this paper, the directional gradient histogram technology is employed to extract the features of concrete image samples captured under different vibration states. The support vector machine (SVM) is utilized to learn the relationship between image features and vibration state. The machine learning results are subsequently used to assess the feasibility of the concrete vibration state. Simultaneously, the influence mechanism of the calculation parameters of the directional gradient histogram on the recognition accuracy is analyzed. The results demonstrate the feasibility of using the directional gradient histogram-SVM technology to identify the vibration state of concrete. The recognition accuracy initially increases and then decreases as the block size of the directional gradient, or the number of statistical intervals increases. The recognition accuracy also decreases linearly with the increase of the binarization threshold. By using sample images with a resolution of 1024 pixels x 1024 pixels and optimizing the feature extraction parameters, a recognition accuracy of 100% can be attained.

The protocol described in this paper utilizes the directional gradient histogram technique to extract the characteristics of concrete image samples under various vibration states. It employs a support vector machine for machine learning, resulting in an image recognition method with minimal training sample requirements and low computer performance demands.

In this paper, the directional gradient histogram technology is employed to extract the features of concrete image samples captured under different ...

연구

공학

Gray Binarization of Concrete Image Sample

구체적인 이미지 샘플의 회색 이진화

Calculation of Directional Gradient Eigenvalue for Support Vector Machine Training

After binarizing the concrete images, calculate the horizontal and vertical binary gradient of each pixel in the image using this equation. Calculate the binary gradient direction and size of each point using this equation. Then determine the size of the image segmentation block represented as n.To divide the image into square blocks of n by n, set a segmentation line for every n pixels along the horizontal axis and the vertical axis. Classify pixels into the appropriate gradient's statistical angle interval of each direction based on the binary gradient direction of each pixel in the block. To obtain the gradient statistical value of that interval, sum the binary gradient of the pixels in the gradient statistical angle interval of each direction in the counterclockwise direction.Record the results obtained for the gradient statistical angle interval directional gradient statistics. Next, divide samples into precise calculation areas where each area consists of four adjacent blocks. Calculate the statistical value of the directional gradient within the angle interval for each block in the specified calculation area.Then generate the feature vector with the directional gradient's statistics as a component. Combine the directional gradient feature vectors derived from each calculation area to obtain the directional gradient feature vector of the image. As the block size is expanded to a certain extent, the directional gradient features in each block of concrete image samples with different vibration states exhibit significant differences.