Name: MRI Scanner Setup for Human Visual Functional Imaging
Uploaded: 2023-12-08T12:40:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about MRI Scanner Setup for Human Visual Functional Imaging at JoVE.com

mri scanner setup for human visual functional imaging

推进视觉皮层映射以增强对视力障碍的评估

Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is a valuable method to assess changes in regional neurovascular function within the visual cortex in response to stimuli, as changes in regional blood flow correlate to the activation of brain regions1,2. High-resolution retinotopic blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) signal measurements represent changes in deoxyhemoglobin, which are driven by localized changes in blood flow and blood oxygenation within the brain1,2. BOLD activity patterns collected from fMRI data can be used to functionally map the peripheral and central visual cortex, as well as detect changes in the retinotopic map in response to visual impairment and neurodegeneration3.
Most previous fMRI studies made use of narrow-view (around &#177;12&#176; of the central visual field) non-retinotopic stimuli or simple retinotopic stimuli with narrow-view visual stimuli, which provided limited functional parcellation of the retinotopic representation in the visual cortex and limited assessment to only the central visual field, excluding the periphery3. Consequently, narrow-view fMRI data has reported inconsistent BOLD percent changes in glaucoma patients4,5,6. There is therefore a need for improved fMRI approaches to assessing the peripheral and central visual field, particularly in the evaluation of diseases such as glaucoma.
Glaucoma is the leading cause of irreversible blindness, affecting 10% of people by the age of 807. Glaucoma is caused by the progressive, irreversible neurodegeneration of retinal ganglion cells, which are responsible for transmitting visual stimuli to the brain through the optic nerve. In primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG), the most common form of glaucoma, increased intraocular pressure causes thinning of the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL), leading to the loss of peripheral vision followed by peripheral and central blindess8,9,10,11. Histological evidence from animal studies suggests that glaucoma additionally results in progressive neurodegeneration of the optic nerve, optic tract, lateral geniculate nucleus, optic radiation, and visual cortex12,13. MRI technology offers a minimally invasive method of assessing both blood oxygenation and neurodegeneration in the visual cortex. In patients with glaucoma, MRI has found evidence of gray-matter atrophy in the visual pathway13,14,15,16 and abnormal white matter in the optic chiasm, optic tract, and optic radiation1,17,18.
To further explore the effects on visual processing, fMRI can be used to detect brain function in response to visual cues. The protocol herein describes a novel method to obtain a low-cost, wide-view retinotopic map using high-resolution retinotopy fMRI with wide-field (&#62;100&#176;) stimuli, as described by Zhou et al3. Visual stimuli of expanding rings and rotating wedges were used to elicit retinotopic mapping of the eccentricity and polar angle for fMRI. BOLD fMRI percent changes were analyzed as a function of eccentricity to evaluate brain function, corresponding to both central and peripheral vision. The BOLD fMRI percent change may be used to visualize activation throughout the visual cortex. These fMRI measures provide a reliable new method to evaluate neurodegenerative changes and their functional effects on the visual cortex found in eye diseases involving visual field defects, such as glaucoma.

作者聚焦：通过宽视角 fMRI 映射洞察视觉皮层研究 

具有宽视网膜刺激的视觉皮层功能性磁共振成像 （fMRI）

This research focuses on providing a practical, cost-effective visual presentation system to evaluate changes in the visual cortex due to ophthalmic diseases. We provide a method to create a wide viewing angle, retina atopic map, using FMRI to assess the functional activity of the visual cortex. A current experimental challenge is that standard systems for presenting visual stimuli for FMRI only cover small area of the visual fields, and with the view partially obstructed by the head coil.This protocol provides method for wide view and unobstructed stimuli that balances cost, efficacy, and precision. Our protocol provides an affordable, moderately wide view of up to a hundred degrees of the visual field. Compared to other techniques, it avoids distortions, additional costs for projector lenses or fiber optic bundles, and other complexities, such as the need for contact lenses.Our findings can be used to expand the understanding of the visual cortex, enabling the mapping of peripheral and central regions via an affordable, wide view FMRI system. This could enhance the management of visual impairments in eye diseases such as glaucoma, which involves dysfunction of the visual system in the brain.

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about MRI Scanner Setup for Human Visual Functional Imaging at JoVE.com

MRI Scanner Setup for Human Visual Functional Imaging  

用于人体视觉功能成像的 MRI 扫描仪设置

首先使用配备多通道接收器头线圈的 3T MRI 扫描仪进行功能性磁共振成像。使用后半部分以确保更大的视角，而不会有障碍物。接下来，通过输入 1 秒的重复时间和 176 x 256 x 208 毫米的视野来设置 T2 加权 MPRAGE 序列。提供 1 x 1 x 1 毫米的空间分辨率。带宽为每像素 190 赫兹。翻转角度为 13 度。扫描持续时间为 3.1 分钟。设置重复时间为 2 秒、回波时间为 30 毫秒、视场为 220 x 220 毫米、平面内分辨率为 1.7 x 1.7 毫米的梯度回波 EPI 序列，其中包含 29 个厚度为 3 毫米的切片，带宽约为每像素 1500 赫兹。现在，测量头部线圈和扫描器孔的尺寸。然后，将PVC管与PVC弯头连接起来，构建一个简单的PVC管架，并用尼龙螺钉将固定镜子的塑料棒的末端连接到框架上。请注意，镜子用塑料螺钉固定在塑料杆上。确保螺钉足够松，以便将镜子手动旋转到最佳角度。将分段背投屏幕拧到框架上后，将屏幕放在扫描仪的背面，将其放置在头部线圈后面，以最大限度地扩大视野。

Research

JoVE Journal

Neuroscience

MRI Scanner Setup for Human Visual Functional Imaging

Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) of the Visual Cortex with Wide-View Retinotopic Stimulation

High-resolution retinotopic blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) with a wide-view presentation can be ...