evaluation of injury contusion in mice for spinal injury analysis

정확한 마우스 모델을 위한 척수 손상 타박상 장치

Spinal cord injury usually results in permanent spinal cord dysfunction below the injured segment. It is mostly caused by objects striking the spine and hyperextension of the spine, such as traffic accidents and falls1. Due to the limited availability of effective treatment options for spinal cord injury, elucidation of the pathogenesis of spinal cord injuries using animal models will be informative for the development of appropriate treatment approaches. The contusion model of spinal cord injury caused by impact on the spinal cord results in the development of animal models with similar pathologies to most clinical spinal cord injury cases2,3. Therefore, it is important to produce accurate, reproducible, and convenient animal models for spinal cord injury contusion.
Since Allen&#39;s invention of the first animal model of spinal cord injury in 1911, there have been major advances in the development of instruments for establishing spinal cord injury animal models4,5. Based on injury mechanisms, spinal cord injury models are classified as contusion, compression, distraction, dislocation, transection, or chemical6. Among them, the contusion models, which use external forces to displace and injure the spinal cord, are closest to the clinical etiology of most spinal cord injury patients. Therefore, the contusion model has been used by many investigators in spinal cord injury studies3,7. Various instruments are used to develop spinal cord injury contusion models. The New York University (NYU)-multicenter animal spinal cord injury studies (MASCIS) impactor produces spinal cord injury contusions by weight-drop device8. After several updated versions, the MASCIS impactor is widely used to develop spinal cord injury contusion animal models9. However, when the impact rod of MASCIS falls and hits the spinal cord, multiple injuries may occur, which affects the degree of injury in spinal cord injury models. Moreover, achieving mechanical precision to ensure the accuracy of the instrument and the repeatability of the manufacturing model is also challenging. The infinite horizon impactors cause contusions by controlling the force applied to the spinal cord rather than heavy drops10. It uses a computer connected to a sensor to directly measure the impact force between the impactor and the spinal cord. When the threshold is reached, the impactor is immediately retracted, thereby avoiding weight rebound and improving accuracy10,11. However, the use of this fine motor modality to inflict damage can result in inconsistent damage and functional deficits6. The Ohio State University (OSU) device compresses the dorsal surface of the spinal cord at a transient rate by an electromagnetic driver12,13. This device is similar to the infinite horizon impactors, as it uses short-distance compressions to cause spinal cord injuries. However, it has various limitations in that initial determination of the zero point will cause errors due to the presence of the cerebrospinal fluid6,14. In summary, there are many instruments that can be used to develop spinal cord injury contusion animal models, but they all have some limitations that lead to insufficient accuracy and reproducibility of animal models. Therefore, in order to more accurately, conveniently and reproducibly create mouse contusion models of spinal cord injury, an automated and intelligent spinal cord injury impactor is needed.
We present a novel spinal cord injury impactor, Guangzhou Jinan University smart spinal cord injury system (G smart SCI system; Figure 1), for producing spinal cord injury contusion models. The device uses a laser rangefinder as a positioning device, combined with an automated mobile platform to automate strikes according to set strike parameters, including strike speed, strike depth and dwell time. Automated operation reduces human factors and improves the accuracy as well as reproducibility of animal models.

저자 스포트라이트: 척수 손상 연구의 혁신에 대한 통찰력

마우스의 Contusive Spinal Cord Injury Model을 위한 자동 임팩터

My research scope includes the pathogenesis and the treatment methods of spinal cord injury. Our recent research has found that various biomaterials can promote the repair of spinal cord injury in mice through antioxidant stress. The development of biomaterial sensors, technologies, and the gene modification technology, as well as the optimization of spinal cord injury models are advancing our research field.Due to compress and incompletely understood mechanism of spinal cord injury, it is currently difficult to cure spinal cord injury using a single intervention. In the future, multiple intervention methods may be needed for research. We found that mental immediate compress can participate in the treatment and the repair of spinal cord injury in animals through antioxidant stress.

척추 부상 분석을 위한 마우스의 부상 타박상 평가

시작하려면 수술 후 첫 번째 날부터 마우스에 대한 Basso Mouse Scale 점수를 계산합니다. 수술 후 30일째 되는 날에는 캣워크, 풋폴트, 로타로드 테스트를 포함한 행동 테스트를 실시합니다. 캣워크 테스트의 경우 최대 실행 시간 8초로 45cm 거리를 걷는 마우스를 기록합니다.풋폴트 테스트를 수행하려면 마우스가 60걸음을 걷는 것을 기록하십시오. 로타로드 테스트의 경우 마우스가 분당 20회전의 속도로 회전하는 로타로드에서 떨어지는 데 걸리는 시간을 확인합니다. 수술 후 31일째 되는 날, 안락사된 쥐의 척수를 조심스럽게 제거합니다.절제된 탯줄을 부상 부위 위아래로 5mm 잘라 파라핀 박기에 대비합니다. 마이크로톰으로 손상된 척수 손상의 중심에서 5마이크로미터 파라핀 절편을 준비하고 헤마톡실린 및 에오신 염색을 수행합니다. 상용 소프트웨어를 사용하여 통계 분석을 수행합니다.한 달 후, 0.5mm 그룹의 쥐는 수술 후 4-6개의 점수를 보였고 가짜 그룹과 유사하게 회복되었습니다. 0.8mm와 1.1mm 그룹의 쥐는 수술 후 점수가 1-2개였습니다. 0.8mm 그룹은 한 달 후 4-6점으로 회복된 반면, 1.1mm 그룹은 거의 회복되지 않았습니다.풋폴트 테스트에서 0.5mm 그룹과 가짜 그룹 간에 뒷다리 발결함에서 유의한 차이가 관찰되지 않았습니다. 1.1mm 그룹의 쥐는 100% 풋폴트를 가졌습니다. 0.8mm와 1.1mm는 로타로드 테스트에서 유의미한 다른 결과를 보였다.그러나 가짜와 0.5mm 그룹은 비슷했습니다. 모든 그룹은 캣워크 테스트에서 상당히 다른 방식으로 응답했습니다. 척추 절제술은 척수 영상뿐만 아니라 헤마톡실린 및 에오신 염색 부분에서도 다양한 정도의 손상을 보여주었습니다.

Research

JoVE Journal

Neuroscience

Evaluation of Injury Contusion in Mice For Spinal Injury Analysis

Automated Impactor for Contusive Spinal Cord Injury Model in Mice

Spinal cord injury (SCI) due to traumatic injuries such as car accidents and falls is associated with permanent spinal cord dysfunction. Creation of ...

연구

신경과학

Mice T10 Spinal Laminectomy and Contusion with the G Smart SCI System For Spinal Injury Analysis

Mice T10 척추 후궁 절제술 및 척추 손상 분석을 위한 G Smart SCI 시스템을 사용한 타박상