evaluation of injury contusion in mice for spinal injury analysis

Doğru Fare Modelleri için Omurilik Yaralanması Konkontüzyon Cihazı

Spinal cord injury usually results in permanent spinal cord dysfunction below the injured segment. It is mostly caused by objects striking the spine and hyperextension of the spine, such as traffic accidents and falls1. Due to the limited availability of effective treatment options for spinal cord injury, elucidation of the pathogenesis of spinal cord injuries using animal models will be informative for the development of appropriate treatment approaches. The contusion model of spinal cord injury caused by impact on the spinal cord results in the development of animal models with similar pathologies to most clinical spinal cord injury cases2,3. Therefore, it is important to produce accurate, reproducible, and convenient animal models for spinal cord injury contusion.
Since Allen&#39;s invention of the first animal model of spinal cord injury in 1911, there have been major advances in the development of instruments for establishing spinal cord injury animal models4,5. Based on injury mechanisms, spinal cord injury models are classified as contusion, compression, distraction, dislocation, transection, or chemical6. Among them, the contusion models, which use external forces to displace and injure the spinal cord, are closest to the clinical etiology of most spinal cord injury patients. Therefore, the contusion model has been used by many investigators in spinal cord injury studies3,7. Various instruments are used to develop spinal cord injury contusion models. The New York University (NYU)-multicenter animal spinal cord injury studies (MASCIS) impactor produces spinal cord injury contusions by weight-drop device8. After several updated versions, the MASCIS impactor is widely used to develop spinal cord injury contusion animal models9. However, when the impact rod of MASCIS falls and hits the spinal cord, multiple injuries may occur, which affects the degree of injury in spinal cord injury models. Moreover, achieving mechanical precision to ensure the accuracy of the instrument and the repeatability of the manufacturing model is also challenging. The infinite horizon impactors cause contusions by controlling the force applied to the spinal cord rather than heavy drops10. It uses a computer connected to a sensor to directly measure the impact force between the impactor and the spinal cord. When the threshold is reached, the impactor is immediately retracted, thereby avoiding weight rebound and improving accuracy10,11. However, the use of this fine motor modality to inflict damage can result in inconsistent damage and functional deficits6. The Ohio State University (OSU) device compresses the dorsal surface of the spinal cord at a transient rate by an electromagnetic driver12,13. This device is similar to the infinite horizon impactors, as it uses short-distance compressions to cause spinal cord injuries. However, it has various limitations in that initial determination of the zero point will cause errors due to the presence of the cerebrospinal fluid6,14. In summary, there are many instruments that can be used to develop spinal cord injury contusion animal models, but they all have some limitations that lead to insufficient accuracy and reproducibility of animal models. Therefore, in order to more accurately, conveniently and reproducibly create mouse contusion models of spinal cord injury, an automated and intelligent spinal cord injury impactor is needed.
We present a novel spinal cord injury impactor, Guangzhou Jinan University smart spinal cord injury system (G smart SCI system; Figure 1), for producing spinal cord injury contusion models. The device uses a laser rangefinder as a positioning device, combined with an automated mobile platform to automate strikes according to set strike parameters, including strike speed, strike depth and dwell time. Automated operation reduces human factors and improves the accuracy as well as reproducibility of animal models.

Yazar Spotlight: Omurilik Yaralanması Araştırmalarındaki Yeniliklere Bakış

Farelerde Kontüsif Omurilik Yaralanması Modeli için Otomatik Çarpma Tertibatı

My research scope includes the pathogenesis and the treatment methods of spinal cord injury. Our recent research has found that various biomaterials can promote the repair of spinal cord injury in mice through antioxidant stress. The development of biomaterial sensors, technologies, and the gene modification technology, as well as the optimization of spinal cord injury models are advancing our research field.Due to compress and incompletely understood mechanism of spinal cord injury, it is currently difficult to cure spinal cord injury using a single intervention. In the future, multiple intervention methods may be needed for research. We found that mental immediate compress can participate in the treatment and the repair of spinal cord injury in animals through antioxidant stress.

Spinal Yaralanma Analizi için Farelerde Yaralanma Kontüzyonunun Değerlendirilmesi

Başlamak için, ameliyat sonrası ilk günden başlayarak fareler için Basso Mouse Scale puanlarını hesaplayın. Ameliyattan sonraki 30. günde, podyum, ayak hatası ve rotarod testlerini içeren davranış testlerini yapın. Podyum testi için, fareyi maksimum sekiz saniyelik çalışma süresiyle 45 santimetre mesafeden yürürken kaydedin.Ayak hatası testini gerçekleştirmek için, farenin 60 adım yürüdüğünü kaydedin. Rotarod testi için, farenin dakikada 20 devir hızında dönen rotaroddan düşmesi için geçen süreye dikkat edin. Ameliyattan sonraki 31. günde, ötenazi yapılan farenin omuriliğini dikkatlice çıkarın.Parafin yerleştirmeye hazırlanmak için kesilen kordonu yaralanma bölgesinin beş milimetre yukarısında ve altında kesin. Uygulanan omurilik yaralanmasının merkezinden bir mikrotom ile beş mikrometre parafin kesiti hazırlayın ve hematoksilen ve eozin boyama yapın. Ticari yazılım kullanarak istatistiksel analiz yapın.Bir ay sonra, 0.5 milimetre grubundaki fareler, ameliyat sonrası dört ila altı skor gösterdi ve sahte gruba benzer şekilde iyileşti. 0.8 milimetre ve 1.1 milimetre gruplarındaki farelerde bir ila iki postoperatif skor vardı. 0.8 milimetre grubu bir ay sonra dört ila altı puana ulaşırken, 1.1 milimetre grubu zar zor iyileşti.Ayak hatası testinde, 0.5 milimetre grubu ile sahte grup arasında arka ekstremite ayak hatası açısından anlamlı bir fark gözlenmedi. 1.1 milimetre grubundaki fareler% 100 ayak hatasına sahipti. 0.8 milimetre ve 1.1 milimetre grupları rotarod testinde önemli ölçüde farklı sonuçlar gösterdi.Bununla birlikte, sahte ve 0.5 milimetre grupları benzerdi. Tüm gruplar podyum testinde önemli ölçüde farklı şekillerde yanıt verdi. Spinal rezeksiyonda spinal kord görüntülerinin yanı sıra hematoksilen ve eozin boyalı kesitlerde değişen derecelerde hasar saptandı.

Research

JoVE Journal

Neuroscience

Evaluation of Injury Contusion in Mice For Spinal Injury Analysis

Automated Impactor for Contusive Spinal Cord Injury Model in Mice

Spinal cord injury (SCI) due to traumatic injuries such as car accidents and falls is associated with permanent spinal cord dysfunction. Creation of ...

Nörobilim

Mice T10 Spinal Laminectomy and Contusion with the G Smart SCI System For Spinal Injury Analysis

Spinal Yaralanma Analizi için G Smart SCI Sistemi ile Fareler T10 Spinal Laminektomi ve Kontüzyon