preparation of mri scanner room and subject positioning for 129xe mri of lung ventilation

Um fluxo de trabalho padronizado para ressonância magnética hiperpolarizada de 129Xe para estudar a função pulmonar

Hyperpolarized 129Xe MRI is an exciting tool for non-invasive, spatially-resolved characterization and quantification of specific aspects of pulmonary function1,2,3. Acquisition and reconstruction approaches similar to those used in anatomical proton MRI yield images of inhaled 129Xe in the lungs, permitting visualization of non-ventilated lung regions and region-resolved quantification of ventilation distribution4,5,6,7,8. More advanced pulse sequence and analysis techniques yield further complementary information, including quantification of gas-exchange efficacy between alveoli and pulmonary capillaries via spectroscopic MRI9,10,11,12,13 and characterization of alveolar microstructure integrity via diffusion-weighted MRI14,15,16.
Inhaled 129Xe has been proven safe and tolerable in adult and pediatric subjects, including those with pulmonary disease17,18. Measurements of lung function derived from 129Xe MRI have shown sensitivity to structural and functional alterations in many pulmonary disease contexts, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease6,10,19, cystic fibrosis20,21,22, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis23,24,25, and asthma7,10,26. Given the high safety and tolerability of 129Xe MRI, the lack of ionizing radiation in MRI compared with other common imaging approaches, and the high reproducibility of 129Xe MRI results27,28, 129Xe MRI holds significant promise, in particular for precise serial monitoring of individuals receiving a time course of therapy for chronic pulmonary disease.
The safety and clinical promise of 129Xe MRI have led to its FDA approval in December 2022 for lung ventilation imaging in persons aged 12 years and older29. Given this, it is anticipated that the number of research and clinical sites capable of performing 129Xe MRI (currently ~20 worldwide) will increase significantly over the coming years. As 129Xe MRI spreads to new institutions, it is important that robust methodological resources exist to allow sites to build out clinically relevant 129Xe MRI techniques quickly and to perform scans and generate results that are closely comparable with those of existing sites.
In this work, we will outline the current best practices for human hyperpolarized 129Xe MRI of lung ventilation, as agreed upon by member institutions of the 129Xe MRI Clinical Trials Consortium (Xe MRI CTC) and summarized in a recent position paper30. Topics will include the preparation of tailored pulse sequences ideal for a complete 129Xe MRI workflow, preparation, and administration of hyperpolarized 129Xe gas, an optimized workflow for human 129Xe MRI sessions, and best practices for monitoring subject safety and comfort during MRI sessions.

Autor em destaque: Padronização e melhores práticas para o avanço da imagem pulmonar usando ressonância magnética 129Xe

Aquisição de Imagens de Ressonância Magnética 129Xe Hiperpolarizadas da Ventilação Pulmonar

Our research seeks to establish Xenon MRI as a clinical tool for characterizing lung function. Xenon MRI allows us to directly visualize ventilation defects in patients with obstructive lung diseases like COPD, asthma, and cystic fibrosis. It offers information that can't be obtained from standard MRI and pulmonary function test.Xenon MRI was recently approved by the FDA for clinical evaluation of lung ventilation. This represents a culmination of a huge amount of effort by the people in our field and it's an exciting opportunity to show how Xenon MRI can improve patient care and outcomes in pulmonary disease. Xenon MRI is still a relatively new family of techniques, and standardization is still an ongoing process.This protocol distills the existing standards for Xenon ventilation MRI into a form that we hope will be useful to research in clinical sites who are trying to perform these scans for the first time. Common clinical readouts of lung function, like pulmonary function tests, only give a single number for the entire lung with no spatial information included. Xenon MRI can make regional assessments of several aspects of lung health and function, which we believe will be very useful in the clinic.Only a few institutions are currently performing Xenon MRI, but we expect there will be many more sites soon considering the recent FDA approval. We hope that this Xenon ventilation MRI protocol will serve as a blueprint for new sites and help em to ramp up their Xenon MRI operations more quickly.

Preparo da Sala do Scanner de RM e Posicionamento do Sujeito para RM 129Xe de Ventilação Pulmonar

Para começar, certifique-se de que qualquer pessoa que entre na sala do scanner de ressonância magnética tenha removido todos os objetos metálicos e eletrônicos de seu corpo ou bolsos. Prepare a bobina do colete Xenon 129 conectando-a ao scanner e colocando-a na mesa do paciente do scanner de ressonância magnética. Instrua o sujeito a deitar-se na mesa do paciente em uma posição supina de pés ou cabeça em primeiro lugar, dependendo da disposição da sala do scanner.Coloque travesseiros sob a cabeça do sujeito, joelhos, etc., conforme necessário para garantir conforto durante o procedimento. Fixe a bobina do colete Xenon 129 ao redor do peito do sujeito, mantendo a linha média da bobina na direção cabeça-pé o mais próximo possível da linha média esperada dos pulmões do sujeito quando o sujeito estiver em um nível de inflação confortável. Colocar a bobina para baixo no sujeito pode resultar em reduções de sinal indesejáveis na periferia dos pulmões.Configure um oxímetro de pulso seguro para ressonância magnética ao lado da mesa do paciente na sala do scanner de ressonância magnética e conecte a sonda do oxímetro de pulso ao indivíduo. Verifique se o oxímetro de pulso está lendo corretamente. Coloque uma cânula nasal no nariz do indivíduo e conecte-a a uma fonte de oxigênio a ser usada após a inalação da dose, se necessário.Coloque o tanque de oxigênio e o regulador de maneira segura com base na política de segurança local a uma distância acessível. Avançar a mesa do paciente para o scanner de ressonância magnética, alinhando a linha média da bobina ou os pulmões do sujeito ao isocentro do scanner. As imagens mostradas aqui representam as imagens de ventilação de um estudo que foi realizado sem saber usando uma bobina de colete Xenon 129 com um cabo danificado.O pulmão direito apresenta menor relação sinal-ruído que o pulmão esquerdo. As imagens de ventilação de um estudo que foi realizado com a bobina do colete Xenon 129 colocada muito longe em direção aos pés do sujeito são mostradas aqui. Sinal de Xenon 129 artificialmente baixo é observado em ambos os ápices pulmonares devido à falta de sensibilidade do receptor.

Research

JoVE Journal

Medicine

Preparation of MRI Scanner Room and Subject Positioning for 129Xe MRI of Lung Ventilation

Acquiring Hyperpolarized 129Xe Magnetic Resonance Images of Lung Ventilation

Hyperpolarized 129Xe MRI comprises a unique array of structural and functional lung imaging techniques. Technique standardization across sites is ...

Medicina

Pre-Scan Preparation and Coaching of Subject for 129Xe MRI of Lung Ventilation

Preparação pré-exame e treinamento do sujeito para RM 129Xe de ventilação pulmonar

Performing 129Xe MRI Scan of Lung Ventilation to Assess Pulmonary Function

Realização de ressonância magnética de 129Xe da ventilação pulmonar para avaliar a função pulmonar