determination of the in vitro release capacity of lignin particles

Biyoflavonoid Salınımı için Lignin Mikro-/Mikron Altı Parçacık Sentezi

Nowadays inclination towards biopolymers such as cellulose, chitosan, collagen, dextran, gelatin, and lignin as precursors for the design of micro-/submicron carriers with customizable size, physicochemical properties, and biofunctionalities has increased in the biomedical, pharmaceutical, and food technology industries due to their applicability in tissue engineering, 3D bioprinting, in vitro disease modeling platforms, packaging industry, emulsion preparation, and nutrient delivery among others1,2,3.
Novel studies highlight the aspects of lignin-based hydrogels as well as micro- and nano- formulations4 as advantageous vehicles used for food packaging materials5, energy storage6, cosmetics7, thermal/light stabilizers, reinforced materials, and drug-carrier matrices8 for the delivery of hydrophobic molecules, improvement of UV barriers9, as reinforcing agents in nanocomposites, and as an alternative to inorganic nanoparticles due to some recent safety issues10,11,12. The reason behind this tendency is the biocompatibility, biodegradability, and non-toxicity of the natural hetero biopolymer, as well as its proven bioactivities of lignin-antioxidant potential and radical scavenging, anti-proliferative, and antimicrobial activities13,14,15,16,17.
Scientific literature reports various methods for synthesis (self-assembly, anti-solvent precipitation, acid precipitation, and solvent shifting)18 and characterization of lignin-based micro-/nano- scaled formulations, including the application of expensive or harmful solvents such as tetrahydrofuran (THF), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF), and acetone, and complicated, indirect, and tedious processes that use a lot of equipment and toxic substances12,19,20.
To overcome the latter disadvantages, the following protocols present novel methodologies for the synthesis of lignin-based micro-/submicron particles using cheap and green solvents; easy, straightforward, quick, and sensitive processes requiring little equipment, non-toxic substances, and simple methods for their characterization and the determination of encapsulation capacity towards poorly water-soluble bioactive compounds and in vitro release potential of the lignin matrices. The presented lab-scale production methods are advantageous for the manufacture of functional lignin carriers with tunable sizes, high encapsulation capacity, and sustainable in vitro release behavior utilizing simple characterization procedures and eco-friendly chemicals that can find application in various areas of biomedical sciences and food technology. Two flavonoids were applied as target molecules encapsulated into the lignin particles: morin-into the microparticles, and quercetin-into the submicron particles. The difference in the structures of both flavonoids Is only the position of the second -OH group in the B-aromatic ring: the -OH group is on the 2&#39; position in morin and on the 3&#39; position in quercetin, thus both organic compounds are positional isomers. The latter fact presumes similar behavior of both bioactive natural compounds in the processes of encapsulation and/or release.

Yazar Gündemi: Biyoflavonoidlerin Gelişmiş Dağıtımı için Çevre Dostu Lignin Bazlı Mikropartiküllerin Geliştirilmesi ve Karakterizasyonu

Yeni Alkali Lignin Mikro-/Submikron Partiküllerinin Yeşil Sentezi, Karakterizasyonu, Kapsüllenmesi ve Salınım Potansiyelinin Ölçülmesi

The objective of this research was to create a straightforward and environmentally friendly process to produce small lignin particles. The study aimed to analyze their physical, chemical, and structural properties, as well as investigate their ability to encapsulate and release bioflavonoids in stimulated gastrointestinal environments. Our method synthesizes lignin based particles using cheap and green solvents.The process is easy, quick, and requires minimal equipment and non-toxic substances. It also has simple methods for characterization, encapsulation, capacity determination, and in-vitro release potential of poorly water soluble bioactive compounds. The innovative biopolymer microparticles are suitable for oral administration due to the lower risk of gastric irritation.The submicron particles, due to the small size and significant release potential, could be applied as injectable formulations.

Lignin Partiküllerinin İn Vitro Salım Kapasitesinin Belirlenmesi

Başlamak için, mekanik bir karıştırma ile sağlanan bir cam parti reaktöründe simüle edilmiş enzim içermeyen mide ortamından 50 mililitre alın. İçine 25 miligram flavonoid kapsüllenmiş mikro veya mikron altı parçacık ekleyin. Reaktörü, yaklaşık 37 santigrat derece sabit bir sıcaklığa ayarlanmış bir termal su banyosuna yerleştirin.Katı ve sıvı fazların iyice karışmasını sağlamak için karışımı sıvı hacminin üçte ikisi kadar derinliğe daldırın. 90. dakikaya kadar her 10 dakikada bir reaktörden bir mililitre numune çıkarın ve toplam hacmi korumak ve senkronizasyon koşullarını sağlamak için hemen bir mililitre taze simüle edilmiş sıvı çözeltisini reaktöre pipetleyin. Morin ve quercetin'in in vitro salınımı, enzim içermeyen simüle edilmiş mide, ince bağırsak ve kolon sıvılarında incelenmiştir.İnce bağırsak ortamı, kolona kıyasla iki kat ve mideye kıyasla üç kat daha fazla flavonoid salınımı gösterdi. Quercetin salınımı, 70 ila 90 dakika sonra pH 7.4'te ince bağırsak sıvısında% 34'te zirve yaptı ve pH 6.8'de mide sıvısı ve ince bağırsak sıvısındaki salınımı aştı.

Research

JoVE Journal

Chemistry

Determination of the In Vitro Release Capacity of Lignin Particles

Green Synthesis, Characterization, Encapsulation, and Measurement of the Release Potential of Novel Alkali Lignin Micro-/Submicron Particles

The applicability of biopolymer micro-/nano- technology in human, veterinary medicine, pharmaceutical, and food technology is rapidly growing due to the ...

Kimya

Synthesis of Lignin Submicron Particles for Bioflavonoid Delivery

Biyoflavonoid İletimi için Lignin Mikron Altı Parçacıklarının Sentezi

Characterization of Lignin Micro- and Submicron Particles to Determine the Encapsulation and In Vitro Release Potential

Kapsülleme ve İn Vitro Salım Potansiyelini Belirlemek için Lignin Mikro ve Mikron Altı Partiküllerin Karakterizasyonu