Name: oral administration of rotenone using a gavage and image analysis of alpha-synuclein inclusions in the enteric nervous system
Uploaded: 2010-10-26T17:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Oral Administration of Rotenone using a Gavage and Image Analysis of Alpha-synuclein Inclusions in the Enteric Nervous System at JoVE.com

The Pedro Barrie de la Maza Foundation supported this work.

1) Intragastric Administration of Rotenone
<ol>
<li>Weigh the animal.</li>
<li>Calculate the total volume of rotenone/vehicle solution needed. In this case 0.01 ml per gram of the animal weight.</li>
<li>Charge a 1 mL syringe with the previously calculated volume of rotenone solution (0.625 mg/mL rotenone, 4% carboxymethylcellulose and 1.25% chloroform) or vehicle solution (4% carboxymethylcellulose and 1.25% chloroform). In this case it corresponds to a 5 mg/kg rotenone dose.</li>
<li>Pick up the mouse and, holdi...

<ol>
	<li>Braak, H., de Vos, R. A., Bohl, J., Del Tredici, K., K, . <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Gastric+alpha-synuclein+immunoreactive+inclusions+in+Meissner's+and+Auerbach's+plexuses+in+cases+staged+for+Parkinson's+disease-related+brain+pathology.">Gastric alpha-synuclein immunoreactive inclusions in Meissner's and Auerbach's plexuses in cases staged for Parkinson's disease-related brain pathology.</a> Neurosci Lett. 396, 67-72 (2006).</li><li>Wakabayashi, K., Takahashi, H., Ohama, E., Ikuta, F. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Parkinson's+disease:+an+immunohistochemical+study+of+Lewy+body-containing+neurons+in+the+enteric+nervous+system.">Parkinson's disease: an immunohistochemical study of Lewy body-containing neurons in the enteric nervous system.</a> Acta Neuropathol. 79, 581-583 (1990).</li><li>Wakabayashi, K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Restricted+occurrence+of+Lewy+bodies+in+the+dorsal+vagal+nucleus+in+a+patient+with+late-onset+parkinsonism.">Restricted occurrence of Lewy bodies in the dorsal vagal nucleus in a patient with late-onset parkinsonism.</a> J Neurol Sci. 165, 188-191 (1999).</li><li>Braak, H., Sastre, M., Bohl, J. R., de Vos, R. A., Del Tredici, K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Parkinson's+disease:+lesions+in+dorsal+horn+layer+I,+involvement+of+parasympathetic+and+sympathetic+pre-+and+postganglionic+neurons.">Parkinson's disease: lesions in dorsal horn layer I, involvement of parasympathetic and sympathetic pre- and postganglionic neurons.</a> Acta Neuropathol. 113, 421-429 (2007).</li><li>Braak, H., Ghebremedhin, E., Rub, U., Bratzke, H., Del Tredici, K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Stages+in+the+development+of+Parkinson's+disease-related+pathology.">Stages in the development of Parkinson's disease-related pathology.</a> Cell Tissue Res. 318, 121-134 (2004).</li><li>Gorell, J. M., Johnson, C. C., Rybicki, B. A., Peterson, E. L., Richardson, R. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+risk+of+Parkinson's+disease+with+exposure+to+pesticides,+farming,+well+water,+and+rural+living.">The risk of Parkinson's disease with exposure to pesticides, farming, well water, and rural living.</a> Neurology. 50, 1346-1350 (1998).</li><li>Semchuk, K. M., Love, E. J., Lee, R. G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Parkinson's+disease+and+exposure+to+agricultural+work+and+pesticide+chemicals.">Parkinson's disease and exposure to agricultural work and pesticide chemicals.</a> Neurology. 42, 1328-1335 (1992).</li><li>Butterfield, P. G., Valanis, B. G., Spencer, P. S., Lindeman, C. A., Nutt, J. G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Environmental+antecedents+of+young-onset+Parkinson's+disease.">Environmental antecedents of young-onset Parkinson's disease.</a> Neurology. 43, 1150-1158 (1993).</li><li>Pan-Montojo, F. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Progression+of+Parkinson's+disease+pathology+is+reproduced+by+intragastric+administration+of+rotenone+in+mice.">Progression of Parkinson's disease pathology is reproduced by intragastric administration of rotenone in mice.</a> PLoS One. 5, e8762-e8762 (2010).</li><li>Sherer, T. B. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Mechanism+of+toxicity+in+rotenone+models+of+Parkinson's+disease.">Mechanism of toxicity in rotenone models of Parkinson's disease.</a> J Neurosci. 23, 10756-10764 (2003).</li><li>Bove, J., Prou, D., Perier, C., Przedborski, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Toxin-induced+models+of+Parkinson's+disease.">Toxin-induced models of Parkinson's disease.</a> NeuroRx. 2, 484-494 (2005).</li><li>Inden, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Neurodegeneration+of+mouse+nigrostriatal+dopaminergic+system+induced+by+repeated+oral+administration+of+rotenone+is+prevented+by+4-phenylbutyrate,+a+chemical+chaperone.">Neurodegeneration of mouse nigrostriatal dopaminergic system induced by repeated oral administration of rotenone is prevented by 4-phenylbutyrate, a chemical chaperone.</a> J Neurochem. 101, 1491-1504 (2007).</li></ol>

Intragastric administration has been previously performed 12. However, according to Inden's manuscript, rotenone was administered dissolved in 0.5% carboxymethylcellulose sodium salt (CMSS) alone. Rotenone is a high liphophylic substance. Therefore, rotenone cannot be dissolved in 0.5% CMSS alone and will precipitate if done so. The use of chloroform creates an evenly distributed rotenone suspension avoiding precipitation. Moreover, due to the higher concentrations of the pesticide in the CMSS, the final volu...

<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en">	
		
		<div>
		<table border="1">
		<thead>
		<tr>
		<th>Material Name</th>
		<th>Type</th>
		<th>Company</th>
		<th>Catalogue Number</th>
		<th>Comment</th>
		</tr>
		</thead>
		<tbody>
		
<tr>
<td>Rotenone</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>SIGMA-Aldrich</td>
<td>R8875</td>
<td>Germany</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Chloroform</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Carl Roth</td>
<td>3313.1</td>
<td>Germany</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Carboxymethylcellulose</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>SIGMA-Aldrich</td>
<td>C5678</td>
<td>Germany</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Gavage 1,2 mm x 60 mm</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Unimed</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Switzerland</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>LSM 510</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Zeiss Microscopes</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>FIJI</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>http://pacific.mpi-cbg.de</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>		</tbody>
		</table>
		</div>

oral administration of rotenone using a gavage and image analysis of alpha-synuclein inclusions in the enteric nervous system

In Parkinson's disease (PD) patients, the associated pathology follows a characteristic pattern involving inter alia the enteric nervous system (ENS) 1,2, the olfactory bulb (OB), the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus (DMV)3, the intermediolateral nucleus of the spinal cord 4 and the substantia nigra, providing the basis for the neuropathological staging of the disease4,5. The ENS and the OB are the most exposed nervous structures and the first ones to be affected. Interestingly, PD has been related to pesticide exposure6-8. Here we show in detail two methods used in our previous study 9. In order to analyze the effects of rotenone acting locally on the ENS, we administered rotenone using a gavage to one-year old C57/BL6 mice. Rotenone is a widely used pesticide that strongly inhibits mitochondrial Complex I 10. It is highly lipophylic and poorly absorbed in the gastrointestinal tract 11. Our results showed that the administration of 5 mg/kg of rotenone did not inhibit mitochondrial Complex I activity in the muscle or the brain. Thus, suggesting that using our administration method rotenone did not cross the hepatoportal system and was acting solely on the ENS. Here we show a method to administer pesticides using a gavage and the image analysis protocol used to analyze the effects of the pesticide in alpha-synuclein accumulation in the ENS. The first part shows a method that allows intragastric administration of pesticides (rotenone) at a desired precise concentration. The second method shows a semi-automatic image analysis protocol to analyze alpha-synuclein accumulation in the ENS using an image analysis software.

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Oral Administration of Rotenone using a Gavage and Image Analysis of Alpha-synuclein Inclusions in the Enteric Nervous System at JoVE.com

Oral Administration of Rotenone using a Gavage and Image Analysis of Alpha-synuclein Inclusions in the Enteric Nervous System

Parkinson's disease has been related to the exposure to pesticides. Here we show a method to deliver pesticides using a gastric tube at the desired concentration and a method to analyze their effect in alpha-synuclein accumulation in the enteric nervous system.

In Parkinson's disease (PD) patients, the associated pathology follows a characteristic pattern involving inter alia the enteric nervous system (ENS) 1,2, ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Neuroscience

Visualization and Genetic Manipulation of Dendrites and Spines in the Mouse Cerebral Cortex and Hippocampus using In utero Electroporation

Visualization and Genetic Manipulation of Dendrites and Spines in the Mouse Cerebral Cortex and Hippocampus using In utero Electroporation

In utero electroporation (IUE) has become a powerful technique to study the development of different regions of the embryonic nervous system 1-5. To date ...

Direct Intraventricular Delivery of Drugs to the Rodent Central Nervous System

Due to an inability to cross the blood brain barrier, certain drugs need to be directly delivered into the central nervous system (CNS). Our lab focuses ...

Immunohistochemical Analysis in the Rat Central Nervous System and Peripheral Lymph Node Tissue Sections

Immunohistochemistry (IHC) provides highly specific, reliable and attractive protein visualization. Correct performance and interpretation of an IHC-based ...

In vivo Optogenetic Stimulation of the Rodent Central Nervous System

In vivo Optogenetic Stimulation of the Rodent Central Nervous System

The ability to probe defined neural circuits in awake, freely-moving animals with cell-type specificity, spatial precision, and high temporal resolution ...

In Situ Ca2+ Imaging of the Enteric Nervous System

In Situ Ca2+ Imaging of the Enteric Nervous System

Reflex behaviors of the intestine are controlled by the enteric nervous system (ENS). The ENS is an integrative network of neurons and glia in two ...

Sequential Extraction of Soluble and Insoluble Alpha-Synuclein from Parkinsonian Brains

Alpha-synuclein (&#945;-syn) protein is abundantly expressed mainly within neurons, and exists in a number of different forms - monomers, tetramers, ...

Optical Clearing of the Mouse Central Nervous System Using Passive CLARITY

Traditionally, tissue visualization has required that the tissue of interest be serially sectioned and imaged, subjecting each tissue section to unique ...

Bioluminescence Imaging of Neuroinflammation in Transgenic Mice After Peripheral Inoculation of Alpha-Synuclein Fibrils

To study the prion-like behavior of misfolded alpha-synuclein, mouse models are needed that allow fast and simple transmission of alpha-synuclein ...

Methods and Tips for Intravenous Administration of Adeno-associated Virus to Rats and Evaluation of Central Nervous System Transduction

Adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors are a key reagent in the neurosciences for clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR), ...

Exogenous Administration of Microsomes-associated Alpha-synuclein Aggregates to Primary Neurons As a Powerful Cell Model of Fibrils Formation

For years, the inability of replicating formation of insoluble alpha-synuclein (&#945;S) inclusions in cell cultures has been a great limitation in the ...