Name: muscle receptor organs in the crayfish abdomen: a student laboratory exercise in proprioception
Uploaded: 2010-11-18T17:00:00
Duration: 10 min 50 s
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Muscle Receptor Organs in the Crayfish Abdomen: A Student Laboratory Exercise in Proprioception at JoVE.com

Med stöd av University of Kentucky, Institutionen för biologi, Office studierektor och College of Arts &amp; Sciences.

<ol>
	<li>Alexandrowicz, J. S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Muscle+receptor+organs+in+the+abdomen+of+Homarus+vulgaris+and+Palinurus+vulgaris.">Muscle receptor organs in the abdomen of Homarus vulgaris and Palinurus vulgaris.</a> Q. J. Microsc. Sci. 92, 163-199 (1951).</li><li>Brown, H. M., Ottoson, D., Rydqvist, B. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Crayfish+stretch+receptor:+An+investigation+with+voltage-clamp+and+ion-sensitive+electrodes.">Crayfish stretch receptor: An investigation with voltage-clamp and ion-sensitive electrodes.</a> J. Physiol. 284, 155-179 (1978).</li><li>Burgess, P. R., Wei, J. Y., Clark, F. J., Simon, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Signaling+of+kinesthetic+information+by+peripheral+sensory+receptors.">Signaling of kinesthetic information by peripheral sensory receptors.</a> Ann. Rev. Neurosci. 5, 171-187 (1982).</li><li>Cooper, R. L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Proprioceptive+neurons+of+chordotonal+organs+in+the+crab,+Cancer+magister+Dana+Decapoda,+Brachyura).">Proprioceptive neurons of chordotonal organs in the crab, Cancer magister Dana Decapoda, Brachyura).</a> Crustaceana. 81, 447-475 (2008).</li><li>Cooper, R. L., Govind, C. K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Axon+composition+of+the+proprioceptive+PD+nerve+during+growth+and+regeneration+of+lobster+claws.">Axon composition of the proprioceptive PD nerve during growth and regeneration of lobster claws.</a> J. Exp. Zool. 260, 181-193 (1991).</li><li>Cooper, R. L., Ward, E., Braxton, R., Li, H., Warren, W. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+effects+of+serotonin+and+ecdysone+on+primary+sensory+neurons+in+crayfish.">The effects of serotonin and ecdysone on primary sensory neurons in crayfish.</a> Microscopy Res. Technique. 60, 336-345 (2003).</li><li>Donelan, J. M., McVea, D. A., Pearson, K. G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Force+regulation+of+ankle+extensor+muscle+activity+in+freely+walking+cats.">Force regulation of ankle extensor muscle activity in freely walking cats.</a> J. Neurophysiol. 101, 360-371 (2009).</li><li>Eckert, R. O. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Reflex+relationships+of+the+abdominal+stretch+receptors+of+the+crayfish.+I.+Feedback+inhibition+of+the+receptors.">Reflex relationships of the abdominal stretch receptors of the crayfish. I. Feedback inhibition of the receptors.</a> J. Cell. Comp. Physiol. 57, 149-162 (1961).</li><li>Eckert, R. O. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Reflex+relationships+of+the+abdominal+stretch+receptors+of+the+crayfish.+II.+Stretch+receptor+involvement+during+the+swimming+reflex.">Reflex relationships of the abdominal stretch receptors of the crayfish. II. Stretch receptor involvement during the swimming reflex.</a> J. Cell. Comp. Physiol. 57, 163-174 (1961).</li><li>Edwards, C., Ottoson, D., Rydqvist, B., Swerup, C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+permeability+of+the+transducer+membrane+of+the+crayfish+stretch+receptor+to+calcium+and+other+divalent+cations.">The permeability of the transducer membrane of the crayfish stretch receptor to calcium and other divalent cations.</a> Neurosci. 6, 1455-1460 (1981).</li><li>Elekes, K., Florey, E. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=New+types+of+synaptic+connections+in+crayfish+stretch+receptor+organs:+an+electron+microscopic+study.">New types of synaptic connections in crayfish stretch receptor organs: an electron microscopic study.</a> J. Neurocytol. 16, 613-626 (1987).</li><li>Elekes, K., Florey, E. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Immunocytochemical+evidence+for+the+GABAergic+innervation+of+the+stretch+receptor+neurons+in+crayfish.">Immunocytochemical evidence for the GABAergic innervation of the stretch receptor neurons in crayfish.</a> Neurosci. 22, 1111-1122 (1987).</li><li>Erxleben, C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Stretch-activated+current+through+single+ion+channels+in+the+abdominal+stretch+receptor+organ+of+the+crayfish.">Stretch-activated current through single ion channels in the abdominal stretch receptor organ of the crayfish.</a> J. Gen. Physiol. 94, 1071-1083 (1989).</li><li>Fields, H. L., Mill, P. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Crustacean+abdominal+and+thoracic+muscle+receptor+organs.">Crustacean abdominal and thoracic muscle receptor organs.</a> Structure and function of proprioceptors in the invertebrates. , 65-114 (1976).</li><li>Florey, E., Florey, E. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Microanatomy+of+the+abdominal+stretch+receptors+of+the+crayfish+Astacus+fluviatilis+L.">Microanatomy of the abdominal stretch receptors of the crayfish Astacus fluviatilis L.</a> J. Gen. Physiol. 39, 69-85 (1955).</li><li>Hartman, H. B., Cooper, R. L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Regeneration+and+molting+effects+on+the+proprioceptor+organ+in+the+Dungeness+crab,+Cancer+magister.">Regeneration and molting effects on the proprioceptor organ in the Dungeness crab, Cancer magister.</a> J. Neurobiol. 25, 461-471 (1994).</li><li>Hunt, C. C., Wilkerson, R. S., Fukami, Y. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Ionic+basis+of+the+receptor+potential+in+primary+endings+of+mammalian+muscle+spindles.">Ionic basis of the receptor potential in primary endings of mammalian muscle spindles.</a> J. Gen. Physiol. 71, 683-698 (1978).</li><li>Kuffler, S. W. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Mechanisms+of+activation+and+motor+control+of+stretch+receptors+in+lobster+and+crayfish.">Mechanisms of activation and motor control of stretch receptors in lobster and crayfish.</a> J. Neurophysiol. 17, 558-574 (1954).</li><li>Kuffler, S. W., Eyzaguirre, C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Synaptic+inhibition+in+an+isolated+nerve+cell.">Synaptic inhibition in an isolated nerve cell.</a> J. Gen. Physiol. 39, 155-184 (1955).</li><li>Macmillan, D. L., Patullo, B. W. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Insights+for+robotic+design+from+studies+of+the+control+of+abdominal+position+in+crayfish.">Insights for robotic design from studies of the control of abdominal position in crayfish.</a> Biol. Bull. 200, 201-205 (2001).</li><li>Marino, B. F., Stucchi, N., Nava, E., Haggard, P., Maravita, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Distorting+the+visual+size+of+the+hand+affects+hand+pre-shaping+during+grasping.">Distorting the visual size of the hand affects hand pre-shaping during grasping.</a> Exp. Brain Res. , 202-202 (2010).</li><li>McCarthy, B. J., MacMillian, D. L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+role+of+the+muscle+receptor+organ+in+the+control+of+the+abdominal+extension+in+the+crayfish+Cherax.">The role of the muscle receptor organ in the control of the abdominal extension in the crayfish Cherax.</a> J. Exp. Biol. 198, 2253-2259 (1995).</li><li>Mill, P. J., Lowe, D. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+fine+structure+of+the+PD+proprioceptor+of+Cancer+pagurus.I.+The+receptor+strand+and+the+movement+sensitive+cells.">The fine structure of the PD proprioceptor of Cancer pagurus.I. The receptor strand and the movement sensitive cells.</a> Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B. 184, 179-197 (1973).</li><li>Nakajima, Y., Onodera, K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Membrane+properties+of+the+stretch+receptor+neurons+of+crayfish+with+particular+reference+to+mechanisms+of+sensory+adaptation.">Membrane properties of the stretch receptor neurons of crayfish with particular reference to mechanisms of sensory adaptation.</a> J. Physiol. 200, 161-185 (1969).</li><li>Nakajima, Y., Takahashi, K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Post-tetanic+hyperpolarization+and+electrogenic+Na+pump+in+stretch+receptor+neurone+of+crayfish.">Post-tetanic hyperpolarization and electrogenic Na pump in stretch receptor neurone of crayfish.</a> J. Physiol. 187, 105-127 (1966).</li><li>Pasztor, V. M., MacMillan, D. L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+actions+of+proctolin,+octopamine+and+serotonin+on+the+crustacean+proprioceptors+show+species+and+neurone+specificity.">The actions of proctolin, octopamine and serotonin on the crustacean proprioceptors show species and neurone specificity.</a> J. Exp. Biol. 152, 485-504 (1990).</li><li>Patel, M., Fransson, P. A., Karlberg, M., Malmstrom, E. M., Magnusson, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Change+of+body+movement+coordination+during+cervical+proprioceptive+disturbances+with+increased+age.">Change of body movement coordination during cervical proprioceptive disturbances with increased age.</a> Gerontol. 56, 284-290 (2010).</li><li>Patullo, B., Faulkes, Z., Macmillan, D. L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Muscle+receptor+organs+do+not+mediate+load+compensation+during+body+roll+and+defense+response+extensions+in+the+crayfish+Cherax+destructor.">Muscle receptor organs do not mediate load compensation during body roll and defense response extensions in the crayfish Cherax destructor.</a> J. Exp. Zool. 290, 783-790 (2001).</li><li>Purali, N. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=.">.</a> Mechanisms of adaptation in a mechanoreceptor. A study of mechanical and ionic factors in the crayfish stretch receptors [dissertation]. , (1988).</li><li>Purali, N., Rydqvist, B. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Block+of+potassium+outward+currents+in+the+crayfish+stretch+receptor+neurons+by+4-aminopyridine,+tetraethylammonium+chloride+and+some+other+chemical+substances.">Block of potassium outward currents in the crayfish stretch receptor neurons by 4-aminopyridine, tetraethylammonium chloride and some other chemical substances.</a> Acta Physiol. Scand. 146, 67-77 (1992).</li><li>Rabin, E., Muratori, L., Svokos, K., Gordon, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Tactile/proprioceptive+integration+during+arm+localization+is+intact+in+individuals+with+Parkinson's+disease.">Tactile/proprioceptive integration during arm localization is intact in individuals with Parkinson's disease.</a> Neurosci. Lett. 470, 38-42 (2010).</li><li>Rydqvist, B., Purali, N. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Potential-dependent+potassium+currents+in+the+rapidly+adapting+stretch+receptor+neuron+of+the+crayfish.">Potential-dependent potassium currents in the rapidly adapting stretch receptor neuron of the crayfish.</a> Acta Physiol. Scand. 142, 67-76 (1991).</li><li>Rydqvist, B., Swerup, C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Stimulus-response+properties+of+the+slowly+adapting+stretch+receptor+neuron+of+the+crayfish.">Stimulus-response properties of the slowly adapting stretch receptor neuron of the crayfish.</a> Acta Physiol. Scand. 143, 11-19 (1991).</li><li>Rossignol, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Locomotion+and+its+recovery+after+spinal+injury.">Locomotion and its recovery after spinal injury.</a> Curr. Opin. Neurobiol. 10, 708-716 (2000).</li><li>Rossignol, S., Giroux, N., Chau, C., Marcoux, J., Brustein, J., Reader, T. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Pharmacological+aids+to+locomotor+training+after+spinal+injury+in+the+cat.">Pharmacological aids to locomotor training after spinal injury in the cat.</a> J. Physiol. 533, 65-74 (2001).</li><li>Rossignol, S., Bouyer, L., Barthelemy, D., Langlet, C., Leblond, H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Recovery+of+locomotion+in+the+cat+following+spinal+cord+lesions.">Recovery of locomotion in the cat following spinal cord lesions.</a> Brain Res. Rev. 40, 257-266 (2002).</li><li>Sohn, J., Mykles, D. L., Cooper, R. L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+anatomical,+physiological+and+biochemical+characterization+of+muscles+associated+with+the+articulating+membrane+in+the+dorsal+surface+of+the+crayfish+abdomen.">The anatomical, physiological and biochemical characterization of muscles associated with the articulating membrane in the dorsal surface of the crayfish abdomen.</a> J. Exp. Zool. 287, 353-377 (2000).</li><li>Svensson, E., Woolley, J., Wikstr&#246;m, M., Grillner, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Endogenous+dopaminergic+modulation+of+the+lamprey+spinal+locomotor+network.">Endogenous dopaminergic modulation of the lamprey spinal locomotor network.</a> Brain Res. 970, 1-8 (2003).</li><li>Swerup, C., Rydqvist, B. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+abdominal+stretch+receptor+organ+of+the+crayfish.">The abdominal stretch receptor organ of the crayfish.</a> Comp. Biochem. Physiol. A. 103, 433-431 (1992).</li><li>Vargas, J. G., Yu, W. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Audio+aided+electro-tactile+perception+training+for+finger+posture+biofeedback.">Audio aided electro-tactile perception training for finger posture biofeedback.</a> Conf. Proc. IEEE Eng. Med. Biol. Soc. 2008, 4230-4233 (2008).</li><li>Vedel, J. P., Clarac, F. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Combined+reflex+actions+by+several+proprioceptive+inputs+in+the+rock+lobster+legs.">Combined reflex actions by several proprioceptive inputs in the rock lobster legs.</a> J. Comp. Physiol. 130, 251-258 (1979).</li></ol>

Vad som föreskrivs i den tillhörande filmen och texten har gett viktiga steg för att tillräckligt registrera aktiviteten i MRO av kräftor på plats. Ett mål för vår rapport är att öka medvetenheten i möjligheterna för detta preparat som eleven köra undersökande laboratorium för att lära grundläggande begrepp inom sensorisk fysiologi. Förberedelserna är mycket robusta i lönsamheten samtidigt som badar i en minimal koksaltlösning. Motorn kontroll på MRO musklerna har identifierats men reglering i överföring och potential synaptisk plasticitet samt effekten av överföring för retande och hämmande nervceller är ett öppet område för utredning (Elekes och Florey, 1987a, b; Florey och Florey, 1955; Kuffler, 1954, Kuffler och Eyzaguirre, 1955). Detta preparat kan användas för att undersöka ett antal experimentella förhållanden samt naturliga utbredningsområde förflyttning inom djuret att bättre förstå biologi MRO för primär forskning samt demonstrativa syften. Det biofysiska egenskaperna hos dessa sensoriska neuroner har delvis tagits upp i deras natur av anpassning i neural aktivitet med en fortsatt stimulans (Brown et al, 1978; Edwards et al, 1981;. Purali, 1997, Rydqvist och Purali, 1991; Rydqvist och Swerup, 1991). Men endast ett fåtal rapporter adress neuromodulering på dessa sensoriska receptorer och tillhörande muskelfibrer (Cooper et al, 2003;. Pasztor och Macmillan, 1990). Rapporterna behandlar endast ett fåtal av de många föreningar som är kända för att vara närvarande i hemolymph. Många modulatorer och cocktails av modulatorer återstår att undersökas på MRO komplexa (muskler och nervceller). Pasztor och Macmillan (1990) har undersökt neuromodulators 5-HT och oktopamin på aktiviteten hos nerna mellan olika kräftdjur arter och noterade att det finns arter skillnader. De har inte i detalj granska den långsiktiga påverkan av dessa neuromodulators eller effekter på verksamheten vid olika statiska positioner MRO. Denna typ av förberedelser kan hjälpa att förstå grunden för sensorisk perception och reglering av neurala behandling som är viktigt i rehabiliteringen och sjukdomsbehandling för människor med motorenheten abnormities (Patel et al, 2009;. Rabin et al, 2009;. Marino et al ., 2010). De olika typerna av in-och skjuta mönster för övervakning av gemensamma rörelser i tillgängliga ryggradslösa preparat kan användas inom robotik / protes (Macmillan och Patullo, 2001). Det finns fortfarande många frågor väntar på svar i denna beredning som kan vara till nytta på flera sätt.

<ol>
<li><a href="http://www.adinstruments.com/products/hardware/corporate/product/ML856/" target="_blank">PowerLab 26T (AD Instruments)</a> </li>
<li><a href="http://www.adinstruments.com/products/software/research/LabChart-Software/" target="_blank">LabChart 7 (ADI Instruments, Colorado Springs, CO, USA)</a> </li>
</ol>

muscle receptor organs in the crayfish abdomen: a student laboratory exercise in proprioception

Det primära syftet med detta experiment är att visa primära sensoriska neuroner förmedla information av gemensamma rörelser och positioner som proprioceptiv information för ett djur. Ytterligare ett mål med experimentet är att lära sig anatomi av preparatet genom färgning, dissektion och visning av nervceller och sensoriska konstruktioner under en dissekera mikroskop. Detta görs med hjälp av grundläggande neurofysiologiska utrustning för att registrera den elektriska aktiviteten från en gemensam receptor orgel och tekniker färgning. Muskeln receptorn orgel (MRO) systemet i kräftor är analogt med intrafusal muskelspolesystemet i däggdjur, som stöd i att fungera som ett jämförande modell som är mer lättillgänglig för elektrofysiologiska inspelningar. Dessutom är dessa är identifierbara sensoriska neuroner bland förberedelser. Beredningen är livskraftig i en minimal saltlösning i timmar som är lämpade för övningar eleven laboratorium. Den MRO är också mottagliga för neuromodulering som uppmuntrar till spännande frågor i anläggningar för begränsande åtgärder och integrering av dynamiska signaler om rörelser och statisk position längs med en vinst som kan ändras i systemet.

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Muscle Receptor Organs in the Crayfish Abdomen: A Student Laboratory Exercise in Proprioception at JoVE.com

Muscle Receptor Organs in the Crayfish Abdomen: A Student Laboratory Exercise in Proprioception

Det primära syftet med experimentet är att förstå hur primära sensoriska neuroner förmedla information av gemensamma rörelser och positioner som proprioceptiv information för ett djur. Ytterligare ett mål med denna rapport är att presentera anatomi av preparatet genom dissekering och visning av nervceller under ett dissekera mikroskop.

Muscle Receptor organ i Kräftor Buk: En student laboration i Proprioception

The primary purpose of this experiment is to demonstrate primary sensory neurons conveying information of joint movements and positions as proprioceptive ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Neuroscience

Recording Behavioral Responses to Reflection in Crayfish

Inspelning Behavioral Svar på Reflektion i Kräftor

Social behavior depends on sensory input from the visual, mechanical and olfactory systems.  One important issue concerns the relative roles of each ...

A Procedure for Studying the Footshock-Induced Reinstatement of Cocaine Seeking in Laboratory Rats

Ett förfarande för att studera de Footshock-Induced Återinför av kokain söker i laboratorieråttor

The most insidious aspect of drug addiction is the high propensity for relapse.  Animal models of relapse, known as reinstatement procedures, have been ...

Physiological Recordings of High and Low Output NMJs on the Crayfish Leg Extensor Muscle

Fysiologiska Inspelningar av hög och låg utgång NMJs på Kräftor benböjning Muscle

We explain in detail how to expose and conduct electrophysiological recordings of synaptic responses for high (phasic) and low (tonic) output motor ...

Membrane Potentials, Synaptic Responses, Neuronal Circuitry, Neuromodulation and Muscle Histology Using the Crayfish: Student Laboratory Exercises

Membrane Potentials, Synaptic svar, neurala kretsar, Neuromodulering och Muscle histologi Använda Kräftor: Student Laborationer

The purpose of this report is to help develop an understanding of the effects caused by ion gradients across a biological membrane. Two aspects that ...

Physiological Experimentation with the Crayfish Hindgut: A Student Laboratory Exercise

Fysiologiska experiment med Kräftor hindgut: En student laboration

The purpose of the report is to describe dissection techniques for preparing the crayfish hindgut and to demonstrate how to make physiological recordings ...

Imaging pHluorin-tagged Receptor Insertion to the Plasma Membrane in Primary Cultured Mouse Neurons

Imaging pHluorin-märkta receptor Insättning till plasmamembranet i primärt odlade mus Nervceller

A better understanding of the mechanisms governing receptor trafficking between the plasma membrane (PM) and intracellular compartments requires an ...

Proprioception and Tension Receptors in Crab Limbs: Student Laboratory Exercises

Proprioception och Tension receptorer i Crab Limbs: Student Laborationer

The primary purpose of these procedures is to demonstrate for teaching and research purposes how to record the activity of living primary sensory neurons ...

Measuring Oral Fatty Acid Thresholds, Fat Perception, Fatty Food Liking, and Papillae Density in Humans

Mätning Oral Fatty Acid Trösklar, Fat Perception, Fet mat smak, och papiller Densitet hos människor

Emerging evidence from a number of laboratories indicates that humans have the ability to identify fatty acids in the oral cavity, presumably via fatty ...

Whole Mount Immunolabeling of Olfactory Receptor Neurons in the Drosophila Antenna

Whole Mount Immunolabeling of Olfactory Receptor Neurons in the Drosophila Antenna

Hela Mount immunomärkning av luktreceptor nervceller i<em&gt; Drosophila</em&gt; Antenn

Odorant molecules bind to their target receptors in a precise and coordinated manner. Each receptor recognizes a specific signal and relays this ...

An In Vitro Adult Mouse Muscle-nerve Preparation for Studying the Firing Properties of Muscle Afferents

An In Vitro Adult Mouse Muscle-nerve Preparation for Studying the Firing Properties of Muscle Afferents

Ett<em&gt; In Vitro</em&gt; Adult Mouse Muskel-nerv Förberedelse för Studera Förbränningsegenskaper för Muscle afferenter

Muscle sensory neurons innervating muscle spindles and Golgi tendon organs encode length and force changes essential to proprioception. Additional ...