Name: isolation and in vitro activation of caenorhabditis elegans sperm
Uploaded: 2011-01-31T19:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Isolation and In vitro Activation of Caenorhabditis elegans Sperm at JoVE.com

我们感谢，黛安C.塞缪尔沃德奶昔和格雷戈里纳尔逊这种技术的先驱。我们感谢帕Kadandale和布赖恩Geldziler视频显示激活精子，有益的讨论Singson实验室成员;株和美国国立卫生研究院的总部大楼为我们支持通过授予（R01HD054681）。

1）男性人口的富集<ol><li>根据实验的需要，大量的男性可以得到采用以下策略之一： <ol><li>人口众多的野生型男性可OP50种子NGM板中心的一个小草坪上穿过5野生型男性和1雌雄同体。大约50％的后代子孙将野生型的男性。 </li><li> 他5（e1490）或他- 8（e1489）雌雄同体抛出大量的男性他和他的8男性肥沃的精子的形态和功能没有明显的缺陷。因此， 他或他的男?...

<ol>
	<li>Kimble, J., Crittenden, S. L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Controls+of+germline+stem+cells,+entry+into+meiosis,+and+the+Sperm/Oocyte+decision+in+Caenorhabditis+elegans.">Controls of germline stem cells, entry into meiosis, and the Sperm/Oocyte decision in Caenorhabditis elegans.</a> Annual Review of Cell and Developmental Biology. 23, 405-433 (2007).</li><li>Lhernault, S. W., Roberts, T. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=.">.</a> Methods in Cell Biology. , 273-301 (1995).</li><li>Hodgkin, J., Horvitz, H., Brenner, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Nondisjunction+Mutants+of+the+Nematode+Caenorhabditis+elegans.">Nondisjunction Mutants of the Nematode Caenorhabditis elegans.</a> Genetics. 91, 67-94 (1979).</li><li>Altun, Z. F., Hall, D. H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Introduction+to+male+C.+elegans+anatomy.">Introduction to male C. elegans anatomy.</a> WormAtlas. , (2008).</li><li>Shakes, D., Ward, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Initiation+of+spermiogenesis+in+C.+elegans:+a+pharmacological+and+genetic+analysis.">Initiation of spermiogenesis in C. elegans: a pharmacological and genetic analysis.</a> Dev Biol. 134, 189-200 (1989).</li><li>Nelson, G. A., Ward, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Vesicle+fusion,+pseudopod+extension+and+amoeboid+motility+are+induced+in+nematode+spermatids+by+the+ionophore+monensin.">Vesicle fusion, pseudopod extension and amoeboid motility are induced in nematode spermatids by the ionophore monensin.</a> Cell. 19, 457-464 (1980).</li><li>L'Hernault, S. W. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+genetics+and+cell+biology+of+spermatogenesis+in+the+nematode+C.+elegans.">The genetics and cell biology of spermatogenesis in the nematode C. elegans.</a> Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology. 306, 59-65 (2009).</li><li>Chatterjee, I., Richmond, A., Putiri, E., Shakes, D., Singson, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+Caenorhabditis+elegans+spe-38+gene+encodes+a+novel+four-pass+integral+membrane+protein+required+for+sperm+function+at+fertilization.">The Caenorhabditis elegans spe-38 gene encodes a novel four-pass integral membrane protein required for sperm function at fertilization.</a> Development. 132, 2795-2808 (2005).</li><li>Xu, X., Sternberg, P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+C.+elegans+sperm+TRP+protein+required+for+sperm-egg+interactions+during+fertilization.">A C. elegans sperm TRP protein required for sperm-egg interactions during fertilization.</a> Cell. 114, 285-297 (2003).</li><li>Nelson, G., Roberts, T., Ward, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Caenorhabditis+elegans+spermatozoan+locomotion:+amoeboid+movement+with+almost+no+actin.">Caenorhabditis elegans spermatozoan locomotion: amoeboid movement with almost no actin.</a> J Cell Biol. 92, 121-131 (1982).</li><li>Machaca, K., DeFelice, L. J., L'Hernault, S. W. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+novel+chloride+channel+localizes+to+Caenorhabditis+elegans+spermatids+and+chloride+channel+blockers+induce+spermatid+differentiation.">A novel chloride channel localizes to Caenorhabditis elegans spermatids and chloride channel blockers induce spermatid differentiation.</a> Dev Biol. 176, 1-16 (1996).</li><li>LaMunyon, C., Ward, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Assessing+the+viability+of+mutant+and+manipulated+sperm+by+artificial+insemination+of+Caenorhabditis+elegans.">Assessing the viability of mutant and manipulated sperm by artificial insemination of Caenorhabditis elegans.</a> Genetics. 138, 689-692 (1994).</li></ol>

除了分析SPE突变体，该协议有其他重要的应用，如精子形态分析与衰老。使用此协议的精子细胞和精子分离出可用于在其他下游实验，如野生型和突变体的精子8，9，幻灯片10， 生理测量9，11，甚至人工授精12精子活力的免疫。

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<td>Tuberculin syringe</td>
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<td>VWR VistaVision HistoBond Microscope Slides</td>
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isolation and in vitro activation of caenorhabditis elegans sperm

男性和雌雄同体自然就找到了两种线虫线虫性形式。变形虫精子产生的男性和雌雄同体。在配子发生的早期阶段，雌雄同体的生殖细胞分化成精子数量有限 - 约300 - ，并存储在一个小的“袋”之称的精囊。后来，雌雄同体不断产生卵母细胞 1。相比之下，男性产生专其整个成年的精子。男性产生这么多的精子，它在一个典型的成虫 2细胞总数的50％帐户。因此，隔离来自男性的精子是较雌雄同体容易。 只有一小部分男性是自然产生自发的非分离的X 染色体 3 。隧道与男性或更方便，引入的突变引起他（男性的高发病率）表型的雌雄同体的一些战略，通过它可以丰富男性人口3。 男性可以很容易地区别于雌雄同体通过观察尾部形态4。指出，雌雄同体的尾巴，而雄性的尾巴是交配结构的圆形。 切割尾部释放广大男性生殖道内储存的精子。夹层使用27表针的立体显微镜下进行。由于精子是不是身体与任何其他细胞相连，液压排出内部的内容包括男性身体精子 2 。 男性有直接解剖上的“精子中等”的小降。精子细胞是敏感的pH值的改变。因此，HEPES，一种化合物具有良好的缓冲能力是精子媒体使用。葡萄糖和其他盐类存在于精子媒体帮助维持渗透压，保持精子的完整性。 被称为减数分裂后的精子细胞分化成精子的精子或精子激活。震撼5，6尼尔森先前表明，圆形精子细胞能够被诱导分化成精子，通过添加各种活性化合物，包括链霉蛋白酶大肠杆菌在这里， 我们证明在体外精子的C 线虫精子使用链霉蛋白酶E。 成功的精子是生育的先决条件，因此，在精子缺陷的突变体是无菌的。迄今几个突变体已被证明特别是在有缺陷的精子形成过程7。异常时，发现在体外激活新型SPE（有缺陷的精子）的突变体，将有助于我们发现参与此事件的其他球员。

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Isolation and In vitro Activation of Caenorhabditis elegans Sperm at JoVE.com

Isolation and In vitro Activation of Caenorhabditis elegans Sperm

一个来自男性的精子细胞的分离和激活的协议<em&gt; C。线虫</em&gt;这里描述。切割后结束精子的男性版本。蛋白酶此外，精子可以被激活。

分离和<em在体外激活线虫精子

Males and hermaphrodites are the two naturally found sexual forms in the nematode C. elegans. The amoeboid sperm are produced by both males and ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Biology

Isolation and In vitro Activation of Caenorhabditis elegans Sperm

Solid Plate-based Dietary Restriction in Caenorhabditis elegans

Solid Plate-based Dietary Restriction in Caenorhabditis elegans

实心板为基础的饮食限制在线虫</em

Reduction of food intake without malnutrition or starvation is known to increase lifespan and delay the onset of various age-related diseases in a wide ...

科研

生物学

Time-lapse Microscopy of Early Embryogenesis in Caenorhabditis elegans

Time-lapse Microscopy of Early Embryogenesis in Caenorhabditis elegans

时间推移显微镜早期胚胎发育线虫

Caenorhabditis elegans has often been used as a model system in studies of early developmental processes.  The transparency of the 
embryos, the genetic ...

Vampiric Isolation of Extracellular Fluid from Caenorhabditis elegans

Vampiric Isolation of Extracellular Fluid from Caenorhabditis elegans

吸血鬼从细胞外液分离<em&gt;秀丽隐杆线虫</em

The genetically tractable model organism C. elegans has provided insights into a myriad of biological questions, enabled by its short generation time, ...

Basic Caenorhabditis elegans Methods: Synchronization and Observation

Basic Caenorhabditis elegans Methods: Synchronization and Observation

基本的<em&gt;线虫</em&gt;方法：同步和观察

Research into the molecular and developmental biology of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans was begun in the early seventies by Sydney Brenner and it has ...

Prostaglandin Extraction and Analysis in Caenorhabditis elegans

Prostaglandin Extraction and Analysis in Caenorhabditis elegans

前列腺素的提取与分析<em&gt;线虫</em

Caenorhabditis elegans is emerging as a powerful animal model to study the biology of lipids1-9. Prostaglandins are an important class of eicosanoids, ...

Cultivation of Caenorhabditis elegans in Three Dimensions in the Laboratory

Cultivation of Caenorhabditis elegans in Three Dimensions in the Laboratory

栽培<em&gt;秀丽隐杆线虫</em&gt;在三个维度实验室

The use of genetic model organisms such as Caenorhabditis elegans has led to seminal discoveries in biology over the last five decades. Most of what we ...

Combined Nucleotide and Protein Extractions in Caenorhabditis elegans

Combined Nucleotide and Protein Extractions in Caenorhabditis elegans

线虫的核苷酸和蛋白质提取联合

A single biological sample holds a plethora of information, and it is now common practice to simultaneously investigate several macromolecules to capture ...

Measurement of Oxygen Consumption Rates in Intact Caenorhabditis elegans

Measurement of Oxygen Consumption Rates in Intact Caenorhabditis elegans

线虫的耗氧率测定

Optimal mitochondrial function is critical for healthy cellular activity, particularly in cells that have high energy demands like those in the nervous ...

Purification and Analysis of Caenorhabditis elegans Extracellular Vesicles

Purification and Analysis of Caenorhabditis elegans Extracellular Vesicles

卡诺尔哈布炎细胞外囊泡的纯化与分析

The secretion of small membrane-bound vesicles into the external environment is a fundamental physiological process of all cells. These extracellular ...

Modeling Age-Associated Neurodegenerative Diseases in Caenorhabditis elegans

Modeling Age-Associated Neurodegenerative Diseases in Caenorhabditis elegans

建模年龄相关的神经退行性疾病在 卡诺哈布迪蒂斯埃利根

Battling human neurodegenerative pathologies and managing their pervasive socioeconomic impact is becoming a global priority. Notwithstanding their ...

分离和激活线虫精子