Name: isolation and in vitro activation of caenorhabditis elegans sperm
Uploaded: 2011-01-31T19:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Isolation and In vitro Activation of Caenorhabditis elegans Sperm at JoVE.com

Мы благодарим Сэмюэл Уорд, Диана С. Вибрация и Грегори Нельсона за пионерский этой техники. Мы благодарим Pavan Kadandale и Брайан Geldziler для видеозаписи активированный сперматозоидов, члены лаборатории Singson за полезные обсуждения, CGC для штаммов и NIH за поддержку посредством гранта (R01HD054681).

1) Обогащение мужского населения <ol><li> В зависимости от экспериментальной необходимо большое число мужчин может быть получена путем использования одного из следующих стратегий: <ol><li> большой популяции диких мужчин типа может быть получен путем скрещивания дикой 5 мужчин и 1 типа герма?...

<ol>
	<li>Kimble, J., Crittenden, S. L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Controls+of+germline+stem+cells,+entry+into+meiosis,+and+the+Sperm/Oocyte+decision+in+Caenorhabditis+elegans.">Controls of germline stem cells, entry into meiosis, and the Sperm/Oocyte decision in Caenorhabditis elegans.</a> Annual Review of Cell and Developmental Biology. 23, 405-433 (2007).</li><li>Lhernault, S. W., Roberts, T. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=.">.</a> Methods in Cell Biology. , 273-301 (1995).</li><li>Hodgkin, J., Horvitz, H., Brenner, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Nondisjunction+Mutants+of+the+Nematode+Caenorhabditis+elegans.">Nondisjunction Mutants of the Nematode Caenorhabditis elegans.</a> Genetics. 91, 67-94 (1979).</li><li>Altun, Z. F., Hall, D. H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Introduction+to+male+C.+elegans+anatomy.">Introduction to male C. elegans anatomy.</a> WormAtlas. , (2008).</li><li>Shakes, D., Ward, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Initiation+of+spermiogenesis+in+C.+elegans:+a+pharmacological+and+genetic+analysis.">Initiation of spermiogenesis in C. elegans: a pharmacological and genetic analysis.</a> Dev Biol. 134, 189-200 (1989).</li><li>Nelson, G. A., Ward, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Vesicle+fusion,+pseudopod+extension+and+amoeboid+motility+are+induced+in+nematode+spermatids+by+the+ionophore+monensin.">Vesicle fusion, pseudopod extension and amoeboid motility are induced in nematode spermatids by the ionophore monensin.</a> Cell. 19, 457-464 (1980).</li><li>L'Hernault, S. W. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+genetics+and+cell+biology+of+spermatogenesis+in+the+nematode+C.+elegans.">The genetics and cell biology of spermatogenesis in the nematode C. elegans.</a> Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology. 306, 59-65 (2009).</li><li>Chatterjee, I., Richmond, A., Putiri, E., Shakes, D., Singson, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+Caenorhabditis+elegans+spe-38+gene+encodes+a+novel+four-pass+integral+membrane+protein+required+for+sperm+function+at+fertilization.">The Caenorhabditis elegans spe-38 gene encodes a novel four-pass integral membrane protein required for sperm function at fertilization.</a> Development. 132, 2795-2808 (2005).</li><li>Xu, X., Sternberg, P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+C.+elegans+sperm+TRP+protein+required+for+sperm-egg+interactions+during+fertilization.">A C. elegans sperm TRP protein required for sperm-egg interactions during fertilization.</a> Cell. 114, 285-297 (2003).</li><li>Nelson, G., Roberts, T., Ward, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Caenorhabditis+elegans+spermatozoan+locomotion:+amoeboid+movement+with+almost+no+actin.">Caenorhabditis elegans spermatozoan locomotion: amoeboid movement with almost no actin.</a> J Cell Biol. 92, 121-131 (1982).</li><li>Machaca, K., DeFelice, L. J., L'Hernault, S. W. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+novel+chloride+channel+localizes+to+Caenorhabditis+elegans+spermatids+and+chloride+channel+blockers+induce+spermatid+differentiation.">A novel chloride channel localizes to Caenorhabditis elegans spermatids and chloride channel blockers induce spermatid differentiation.</a> Dev Biol. 176, 1-16 (1996).</li><li>LaMunyon, C., Ward, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Assessing+the+viability+of+mutant+and+manipulated+sperm+by+artificial+insemination+of+Caenorhabditis+elegans.">Assessing the viability of mutant and manipulated sperm by artificial insemination of Caenorhabditis elegans.</a> Genetics. 138, 689-692 (1994).</li></ol>

В дополнение к анализу Spe мутантов, этот протокол имеет и другие важные приложения, такие как анализ морфологии сперматозоидов со старением. Сперматиды и сперматозоиды выделяют, используя этот протокол можно использовать в других экспериментах вниз по течению, таких как, иммунной дико...

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<td>Tuberculin syringe</td>
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<td>Becton Dickinson</td>
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<td>Syringe: 1 ml, needle: 27G X &frac12; in</td>
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<td>Zymed</td>
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<td>VWR VistaVision HistoBond Microscope Slides</td>
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<td>VWR International</td>
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<td>Dimension: 75X25X1mm</td>
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<td>Protease</td>
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isolation and in vitro activation of caenorhabditis elegans sperm

Males and hermaphrodites are the two naturally found sexual forms in the nematode C. elegans. The amoeboid sperm are produced by both males and hermaphrodites. In the earlier phase of gametogenesis, the germ cells of hermaphrodites differentiate into limited number of sperm - around 300 - and are stored in a small 'bag' called the spermatheca. Later on, hermaphrodites continually produce oocytes1. In contrast, males produce exclusively sperm throughout their adulthood. The males produce so much sperm that it accounts for &gt;50% of the total cells in a typical adult worm2. Therefore, isolating sperm from males is easier than from that of hermaphrodites.
Only a small proportion of males are naturally generated due to spontaneous non-disjunction of X chromosome3. Crossing hermaphrodites with males or more conveniently, the introduction of mutations to give rise to Him (High Incidence of Males) phenotype are some of strategies through which one can enrich the male population3.
Males can be easily distinguished from hermaphrodites by observing the tail morphology4. Hermaphrodite's tail is pointed, whereas male tail is rounded with mating structures.
Cutting the tail releases vast number of spermatids stored inside the male reproductive tract. Dissection is performed under a stereo microscope using 27 gauge needles. Since spermatids are not physically connected with any other cells, hydraulic pressure expels internal contents of male body, including spermatids2.
Males are directly dissected on a small drop of 'Sperm Medium'. Spermatids are sensitive to alteration in the pH. Hence, HEPES, a compound with good buffering capacity is used in sperm media. Glucose and other salts present in sperm media help maintain osmotic pressure to maintain the integrity of sperm.
Post-meiotic differentiation of spermatids into spermatozoa is termed spermiogenesis or sperm activation. Shakes5, and Nelson6 previously showed that round spermatids can be induced to differentiate into spermatozoa by adding various activating compounds including Pronase E. Here we demonstrate in vitro spermiogenesis of C. elegans spermatids using Pronase E.
Successful spermiogenesis is pre-requisite for fertility and hence the mutants defective in spermiogenesis are sterile. Hitherto several mutants have been shown to be defective specifically in spermiogenesis process7. Abnormality found during in vitro activation of novel Spe (Spermatogenesis defective) mutants would help us discover additional players participating in this event.

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Isolation and In vitro Activation of Caenorhabditis elegans Sperm at JoVE.com

Isolation and In vitro Activation of Caenorhabditis elegans Sperm

Протокол выделения и активации сперматиды от мужских<em&gt; С. Элеганс</em&gt; Описано здесь. Резка задний конец самца сперматиды релизов. Сперматиды могут быть активированы путем добавления протеазы.

Выделение и В пробирке Активация Caenorhabditis Элеганс Сперма

Males and hermaphrodites are the two naturally found sexual forms in the nematode C. elegans. The amoeboid sperm are produced by both males and ...

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Isolation and In vitro Activation of Caenorhabditis elegans Sperm

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