Name: imaging cell shape change in living drosophila embryos
Uploaded: 2011-03-30T13:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Imaging Cell Shape Change in Living Drosophila Embryos at JoVE.com

Vi erkänner tacksamt Eric Wieschaus, som gav grunden för detta protokoll utvecklades. Vårt arbete stöds av en Verna &amp; Marrs McLean Institutionen för biokemi och molekylärbiologi Start-up Award, Baylor College of Medicine.

1. Montera Cup embryosamlingsgrupp <ol><li> Skär botten av av en 100 ml Tri-majs bägare med en rakkniv, vilket gör kanten så smidig som möjligt. Kåporna är lättare att hantera om du även trimma de tre hörnen av av toppen, även om detta inte är absolut nödvändigt. </li><li> Klipp en kvadrat av ståltrådsnät (6 cm x 6 cm). På en förvärmda värmeplatta, inuti ett dragskåp lager i kvadrat trådnät på toppen av en bit av tunga aluminiumfolie. Tryck kanten skär botten av koppen fast på de heta mesh. ...

<ol>
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P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Transitions+between+epithelial+and+mesenchymal+states+in+development+and+disease.">Transitions between epithelial and mesenchymal states in development and disease.</a> Semin Cell Dev Biol. 19, 294-308 (2008).</li><li>Kibar, Z., Capra, V., Gros, P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Toward+understanding+the+genetic+basis+of+neural+tube+defects.">Toward understanding the genetic basis of neural tube defects.</a> Clin Genet. 71, 295-310 (2007).</li><li>Jazwinska, A., Ribeiro, C., Affolter, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Epithelial+tube+morphogenesis+during+Drosophila+tracheal+development+requires+Piopio,+a+luminal+ZP+protein.">Epithelial tube morphogenesis during Drosophila tracheal development requires Piopio, a luminal ZP protein.</a> Nat Cell Biol. 5, 895-901 (2003).</li><li>Martin, P., Parkhurst, S. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Parallels+between+tissue+repair+and+embryo+morphogenesis.">Parallels between tissue repair and embryo morphogenesis.</a> Development. 131, 3021-3034 (2004).</li><li>Royou, A., Field, C., Sisson, J. C., Sullivan, W., Karess, R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Reassessing+the+role+and+dynamics+of+nonmuscle+myosin+II+during+furrow+formation+in+early+Drosophila+embryos.">Reassessing the role and dynamics of nonmuscle myosin II during furrow formation in early Drosophila embryos.</a> Mol Biol Cell. 15, 838-850 (2004).</li><li>Lecuit, T., Wieschaus, E. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Polarized+insertion+of+new+membrane+from+a+cytoplasmic+reservoir+during+cleavage+of+the+Drosophila+embryo.">Polarized insertion of new membrane from a cytoplasmic reservoir during cleavage of the Drosophila embryo.</a> J Cell Biol. 150, 849-860 (2000).</li><li>Mavrakis, M., Rikhy, R., Lippincott-Schwartz, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Plasma+membrane+polarity+and+compartmentalization+are+established+before+cellularization+in+the+fly+embryo.">Plasma membrane polarity and compartmentalization are established before cellularization in the fly embryo.</a> Dev Cell. 16, 93-104 (2009).</li><li>Cao, J., Crest, J., Fasulo, B., Sullivan, W. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Cortical+Actin+Dynamics+Facilitate+Early-Stage+Centrosome+Separation.">Cortical Actin Dynamics Facilitate Early-Stage Centrosome Separation.</a> Curr Biol. , (2010).</li><li>Cao, J., Albertson, R., Riggs, B., Field, C. M., Sullivan, W. N. u. f. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=a+Rab11+effector,+maintains+cytokinetic+furrow+integrity+by+promoting+local+actin+polymerization.">a Rab11 effector, maintains cytokinetic furrow integrity by promoting local actin polymerization.</a> J Cell Biol. 182, 301-313 (2008).</li><li>Sokac, A. M., Wieschaus, E. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Local+actin-dependent+endocytosis+is+zygotically+controlled+to+initiate+Drosophila+cellularization.">Local actin-dependent endocytosis is zygotically controlled to initiate Drosophila cellularization.</a> Dev Cell. 14, 775-786 (2008).</li><li>Fox, D. T., Peifer, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Abelson+kinase+(Abl)+and+RhoGEF2+regulate+actin+organization+during+cell+constriction+in+Drosophila.">Abelson kinase (Abl) and RhoGEF2 regulate actin organization during cell constriction in Drosophila.</a> Development. 134, 567-578 (2007).</li><li>Martin, A. C., Kaschube, M., Wieschaus, E. F. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Pulsed+contractions+of+an+actin-myosin+network+drive+apical+constriction.">Pulsed contractions of an actin-myosin network drive apical constriction.</a> Nature. 457, 495-499 (2009).</li><li>Bertet, C., Sulak, L., Lecuit, T. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Myosin-dependent+junction+remodelling+controls+planar+cell+intercalation+and+axis+elongation.">Myosin-dependent junction remodelling controls planar cell intercalation and axis elongation.</a> Nature. 429, 667-671 (2004).</li><li>Blankenship, J. T., Backovic, S. T., Sanny, J. S., Weitz, O., Zallen, J. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Multicellular+rosette+formation+links+planar+cell+polarity+to+tissue+morphogenesis.">Multicellular rosette formation links planar cell polarity to tissue morphogenesis.</a> Dev Cell. 11, 459-470 (2006).</li><li>Caussinus, E., Colombelli, J., Affolter, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Tip-cell+migration+controls+stalk-cell+intercalation+during+Drosophila+tracheal+tube+elongation.">Tip-cell migration controls stalk-cell intercalation during Drosophila tracheal tube elongation.</a> Curr Biol. 18, 1727-1734 (2008).</li><li>Gervais, L., Casanova, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=In+vivo+coupling+of+cell+elongation+and+lumen+formation+in+a+single+cell.">In vivo coupling of cell elongation and lumen formation in a single cell.</a> Curr Biol. 20, 359-366 (2010).</li><li>Gorfinkiel, N., Blanchard, G. B., Adams, R. J., Arias, M. a. r. t. i. n. e. z., A, . <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Mechanical+control+of+global+cell+behaviour+during+dorsal+closure+in+Drosophila.">Mechanical control of global cell behaviour during dorsal closure in Drosophila.</a> Development. 136, 1889-1898 (2009).</li><li>Solon, J., Kaya-Copur, A., Colombelli, J., Brunner, D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Pulsed+forces+timed+by+a+ratchet-like+mechanism+drive+directed+tissue+movement+during+dorsal+closure.">Pulsed forces timed by a ratchet-like mechanism drive directed tissue movement during dorsal closure.</a> Cell. 137, 1331-1342 (2009).</li><li>Bownes, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+photographic+study+of+development+in+the+living+embryo+of+Drosophila+melanogaster.">A photographic study of development in the living embryo of Drosophila melanogaster.</a> J Embryol Exp Morphol. 33, 789-801 (1975).</li><li>Sokac, A. M., Wieschaus, E. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Zygotically+controlled+F-actin+establishes+cortical+compartments+to+stabilize+furrows+during+Drosophila+cellularization.">Zygotically controlled F-actin establishes cortical compartments to stabilize furrows during Drosophila cellularization.</a> J Cell Sci. 121, 1815-1824 (2008).</li><li>Morin, X., Daneman, R., Zavortink, M., Chia, W. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+protein+trap+strategy+to+detect+GFP-tagged+proteins+expressed+from+their+endogenous+loci+in+Drosophila.">A protein trap strategy to detect GFP-tagged proteins expressed from their endogenous loci in Drosophila.</a> Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 98, 15050-15055 (2001).</li><li>Oda, H., Tsukita, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Real-time+imaging+of+cell-cell+adherens+junctions+reveals+that+Drosophila+mesoderm+invagination+begins+with+two+phases+of+apical+constriction+of+cells.">Real-time imaging of cell-cell adherens junctions reveals that Drosophila mesoderm invagination begins with two phases of apical constriction of cells.</a> J Cell Sci. 114, 493-501 (2001).</li><li>Kiehart, D. P., Galbraith, C. G., Edwards, K. A., Rickoll, W. L., Montague, R. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Multiple+forces+contribute+to+cell+sheet+morphogenesis+for+dorsal+closure+in+Drosophila.">Multiple forces contribute to cell sheet morphogenesis for dorsal closure in Drosophila.</a> J Cell Biol. 149, 471-490 (2000).</li></ol>

Protokollet som beskrivs här kommer att tillåta leva, konfokala avbildning av ett antal förändringar cell form i utvecklingsländerna flyga embryot. GFP lager för avbildning kan förberedas i ett enskilt laboratorium (tabell 2), men många av dessa lager finns också tillgängliga för allmänheten från centra som Bloomington Drosophila Lager Center vid Indiana University ( <a href="http://flystocks.bio.indiana.edu">http://flystocks.bio.indiana.edu</a> ) och Flytrap Lager Center vid Yale University ( <a h...

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<tr>
<td>Slides</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Fisherbrand/Fisher Scientific</td>
<td>12-550-343</td>
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<td>Cover slips 25x25</td>
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<td>Fisher Scientific (Corning #2865-25)</td>
<td>1 2-524C</td>
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<td>Squirt bottles (H2O)</td>
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<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
<td>02-897-11</td>
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<td>50 ml Falcon tubes</td>
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<td>Fisher Scientific (BD# 352070)</td>
<td>14-432-22</td>
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<td>Bulbs for small pipets, 1 mL</td>
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<td>Fisherbrand/Fisher Scientific</td>
<td>03-448-21</td>
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<tr>
<td>Scintillation vials with caps</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>VWR (Wheaton #986546)</td>
<td>66021-533</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>Tri-Corn Beakers, 100 mL</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Electron Microscopy Sciences</td>
<td>60970</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
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<td>BD Falcon Petri dish 60x15mm </td>
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<td>Fisher Scientific (BD# 351007)</td>
<td>08757 100B</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>BD Falcon Cell strainer</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Fisher Scientific (BD#352350)</td>
<td>08-771-2</td>
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<td>Yellow pipet tips</td>
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<td>Ranin</td>
<td>L200</td>
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<td>Fisherbrand/Fisher Scientific</td>
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<td>Fisherbrand/Fisher Scientific</td>
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<td>Rubber bands</td>
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<td>Office Max</td>
<td>A620645</td>
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<td>Electron Microscopy Services</td>
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<td>Razor blades</td>
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<td>Halocarbon Oil 27</td>
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<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
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<td>Fisher Chemical/Fisher Scientific</td>
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<td>BD Bacto Agar</td>
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<td>VWR (BD# 214010)</td>
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<td>Sucrose</td>
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<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
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<td>p-Hydroxybenzoic acid</td>
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<td>Red Star Active Dry Yeast</td>
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<td>Heavy duty aluminum foil</td>
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imaging cell shape change in living drosophila embryos

Utvecklingsländerna Drosophila melanogaster embryo genomgår en rad förändringar cell form som är mycket mottaglig att leva konfokala bildhantering. Cell formförändringar i gylfen motsvarar dem i högre organismer, och de kör vävnad morfogenes. Så, i många fall har deras studie direkta konsekvenser för förståelsen av mänsklig sjukdom (tabell 1) 1-5. På den sub-cellulära skala, dessa celler formförändringar är en produkt av aktiviteter, från genuttryck till signaltransduktion, cell polaritet, cytoskelettala ombyggnader och membran människohandel. Således ger Drosophila embryot inte bara sammanhanget att utvärdera cellförändringar form som de avser vävnad morfogenes, men erbjuder också en helt fysiologisk miljö att studera sub-cellulära aktiviteter som formar celler. Protokollet som beskrivs här är avsedd att bilden en specifik förändring cell formen kallas cellularization. Cellularization är en process av dramatiska plasmamembran tillväxt, och det i slutändan omvandlar syncytial embryot till den cellulära BLASTODERM. Det är, vid interfas av mitotiska cykel 14, invaginates plasmamembranet samtidigt runt varje för ~ 6000 cortically förankrade kärnor för att skapa ett ark med primär epitelceller. Mot tidigare förslag är cellularization inte drivs av myosin-2 kontraktilitet 6, utan istället drivs till stor del genom exocytos av membran från interna affärer 7. Således är cellularization ett utmärkt system för att studera membran handel under cellförändringar form som kräver invagination plasmamembran eller expansion, som cytokines eller transversell-tubuli (T-tubuli) morfogenes i muskeln. Observera att detta protokoll lätt appliceras på avbildning av andra cellförändringar form i flugan embryot, och kräver endast smärre anpassningar till exempel ändra stadiet av embryosamlings, eller med hjälp av &quot;embryo lim&quot; för att montera embryo i en viss riktning (Tabell 1) 8-19. I alla fall är arbetsflödet i stort sett samma (Figur 1). Standardmetoder för kloning och Drosophila genmodifiering används för att förbereda en stabil flyga lager som uttrycker ett protein av intresse, smält till grönt fluorescerande protein (GFP) eller dess varianter, och dessa flugor ge en förnybar embryon. Alternativt är fluorescerande proteiner / prober direkt förs in flyga embryon via enkla mikroinjektion tekniker 9-10. Sedan, beroende på utvecklings-händelsen och cell formen förändringar som ska avbildas, är embryon samlas in och iscensatt av morfologi på dissekera mikroskop, och slutligen placeras och monteras för Time-lapse avbildning på ett konfokalmikroskop.

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Imaging Cell Shape Change in Living Drosophila Embryos at JoVE.com

Imaging Cell Shape Change in Living Drosophila Embryos

Tidiga utvecklingen av bananflugan, Drosophila melanogaster, kännetecknas av ett antal förändringar cell form som är väl lämpade för avbildning metoder. Denna artikel kommer att beskriva grundläggande verktyg och metoder som krävs för att leva konfokal avbildning av Drosophila embryon, och kommer att fokusera på en cell form förändring kallas cellularization.

Imaging Cell Shape Förändring Living Drosophila Embryon

The developing Drosophila melanogaster embryo undergoes a number of cell shape changes that are highly amenable to live confocal imaging.  Cell shape ...

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Biology

Imaging Cell Shape Change in Living Drosophila Embryos

Preparation of Neuronal Cultures from Midgastrula Stage Drosophila Embryos

Beredning av Neuronal kulturer från Midgastrula Stage Drosophila embryon

This video illustrates the procedure for making primary neuronal cultures from midgastrula stage Drosophila embryos. The methods for collecting embryos ...

Two-photon axotomy and time-lapse confocal imaging in live zebrafish embryos

Två-foton axotomy och Time-lapse konfokala imaging i levande zebrafisk embryon

Zebrafish have long been utilized to study the cellular and molecular mechanisms of development by time-lapse imaging of the living transparent embryo.  ...

The Preparation of Drosophila Embryos for Live-Imaging Using the Hanging Drop Protocol

The Preparation of Drosophila Embryos for Live-Imaging Using the Hanging Drop Protocol

Beredningen av Drosophila Embryon för Live-Imaging Använda droppe protokollet

Green fluorescent protein (GFP)-based timelapse live-imaging is a powerful technique for studying the genetic regulation of dynamic processes such as ...

Preparation of embryos for Electron Microscopy of the Drosophila embryonic heart tube

Preparation of embryos for Electron Microscopy of the Drosophila embryonic heart tube

Beredning av embryon för elektronmikroskopi av Drosophila Embryonala hjärta tub

The morphogenesis of the Drosophila  embryonic heart tube has emerged as a valuable model system for studying cell migration, cell-cell adhesion and cell ...

Live Imaging Of Drosophila melanogaster Embryonic Hemocyte Migrations

Live Imaging Of Drosophila melanogaster Embryonic Hemocyte Migrations

Live avbildning av Drosophila melanogaster Embryonala Hemocyte Flyttningar

Many studies address cell migration using in vitro methods, whereas the physiologically relevant environment is that of the organism itself. Here we ...

In-vivo Centrifugation of Drosophila Embryos

In-vivo Centrifugation of Drosophila Embryos

In vivo Centrifugering av Drosophila embryon

A major strategy for purifying and isolating different types of intracellular organelles is to separate them from each other based on differences in ...

Upright Imaging of Drosophila Embryos

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Upprätt Imaging av Drosophila Embryon

Several well-known morphogenetic gradients and cellular movements occur along the dorsal/ventral axis of the Drosophila embryo. However, the current ...

Primary Cell Cultures from Drosophila Gastrula Embryos

Primary Cell Cultures from Drosophila Gastrula Embryos

Primära cellkulturer från Drosophila Gastrula Embryon

Here we describe a method for preparing and culturing primary cells dissociated from Drosophila gastrula embryos.   In brief, a large amount of staged ...

Isolation and Purification of Kinesin from Drosophila Embryos

Isolation and Purification of Kinesin from Drosophila Embryos

Isolering och rening av kinesin från Drosophila Embryon

Motor proteins move cargos along microtubules, and transport them to specific sub-cellular locations. Because altered transport is suggested to underlie a ...

Studying Mitotic Checkpoint by Illustrating Dynamic Kinetochore Protein Behavior and Chromosome Motion in Living Drosophila Syncytial Embryos

Studying Mitotic Checkpoint by Illustrating Dynamic Kinetochore Protein Behavior and Chromosome Motion in Living Drosophila Syncytial Embryos

Studera Mitotisk Checkpoint genom att illustrera Dynamic kinetochore Protein beteende och kromosomer Motion i levande<em&gt; Drosophila</em&gt; Syncytiala Embryon

The spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) mechanism is an active signal, which monitors the interaction between chromosome kinetochores and spindle ...