Name: electrolytic inferior vena cava model (eim) of venous thrombosis
Uploaded: 2011-07-12T13:00:00
Duration: 6 min 3 s
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Electrolytic Inferior Vena Cava Model EIM of Venous Thrombosis at JoVE.com

NIH 1P01HL089407 - 01A1 (로렌스, PI), 동물 코어, NIH 한 K01 HL080962 - 01A2 (마이어스, PI)에 의해 지원됩니다.

1. 마우스 아나스타샤 절차 <ol><li> 동물들은 케이지에서 제거하고 2% isoflurane과 분당 0.5 리터 (기화기 제어)의 유량 100 % 산소로 가스 유도를위한 마취 미리 수술 유도 챔버에 배치됩니다. </li><li> 생쥐는 마취 유도 챔버에서 진정 챔버에서 제거하고 머리 depilatory가 (1 분) 사용되는 경우 복부 복부는 전기 면도기로 면도, 또는 챔버 내에 유지집니다. </li><li> 아직 진정제를 맞았 는데도, 그들은 무게가 있지만, 내 눈을 그 다음 isoflurane과 산소를​​ 사용하여 코 콘로 전신 마취하에 온수 순환 난방 장치 등의 recumbancy에 위치 살균 안과 연고와 함께 윤활 있습니다. 이 시점에서 산소 요금은 분당 0.2 리터로 축소됩니다. </li><li> 복부는 chlorhexidine 솔루션을 뿌려놓은 (chlorhexidine의 디아 세 테이트 빠르게 bacterialcidal 및 영구이다) 및 멸균 거즈로 세 번 닦아 또는 외과 사이트 깨끗한까지입니다. </li></ol> 2. 마우스 미세 수술 및 복구 절차 <ol><li> 복부 정중선 절개 (2cm)은 복부를 노출 피부와 복벽을 통해 홍채 가위로 이루어집니다. 거즈의 멸균 생리 젖었 2x2은 동물의 왼쪽에 장내를 반영하는 데 사용됩니다. 마우스 restrainer는 하부 대정 맥 (IVC)의 장소 있도록 시각화에 들어가게된다. </li><li> 이 시점에서, isoflurane 2 %의 유지 보수 수준으로 감소되고 산소 비율이 수술의 나머지를 위해 분당 0.2 리터에 남아 있습니다. </li><li> 무딘 절개는 살균 작은 주걱의 면봉과 별도의 섬세한 홍채 절반 곡선 조직 집게를 사용하여 용이합니다. 관리들은 매우되기 위해 마우스 조직 처리로 촬영해야합니다. </li><li> 신장 혈관에서 장골의의 분기점 모든 IVC 사이드 지점은, 7-0 반응 prolene의 봉합과 함께 출혈도 잡았 있습니다. 백 가지 특허 있었다. </li><li> 은색 코팅 동선 (KY - 30 - 1 - GRN, Electrospec, 도버, NJ)에 연결된 전해 IVC 모델 (EIM), 25G 스테인리스 바늘에 노출된 꼬리 IVC (그림 1)에 삽입 그리고 앞의 벽 (양극)에 대한 위치. </li><li> 또 다른 와이어는 subcutaneously 회로 (음극)을 완료 이식입니다. </li><li> 십오분 이상 250 μAmps의 전류는 그라스 S48 스퀘어 웨이브 자극기와 정전류 장치를 (그라스 기술, 아스트로 - 메드 (주), 웨스트 워릭, RI)를 사용하여 적용되었다. thrombogenic 환경과 이후의 혈전 형성을 촉진 IVC의 내피 표면을 침식 전기의 독성 제품의 형성에 직류 결과. </li><li> 십오분 후 주사 바늘을 제거하고 면봉은 출혈을 방지하기 위해 지역과 접촉 부드럽게 열립니다 </li><li> 가짜 동물에 주사 바늘을 현재의 응용 프로그램없이 IVC에 배치 후 제거됩니다. </li><li> 개복술 사이트는 2 계층 방식으로 닫힙니다. 우리 연구실은 복벽을 닫습니다 지속적인 패턴에 5-0 vicryl, 합성 봉합사를 사용합니다. 접착제 피부 접착제는 피부를 닫습하는 데 사용됩니다. 제거에 대한 외부 봉합이 없습니다. </li><li> 마우스가 다음 밀접하게 가열 램프 (24인치 거리 케이지에서 분 거리)에서 (2 시간 45 분) 후 operatively 관찰, 개별 마우스 케이지에서 발견되며, 다음 원래 주택으로 돌아왔습니다. 그것이 연구 목적을 방해하지 않는 경우 진통제 및 안티 - 염증성 에이전트를 사용할 수 있습니다. 과학 고통 약품을 보류 칭의, 동물, 그리고 ICUCA의 승인이 필요합니다. 저희 연구실은 Buprenorphine ,0.05 - 0 0.1 MG / kg SQ 쥐를위한 훌륭한 사전 및 사후 수술 진통 것을 발견했습니다. 또한, 4mg/kg (0.4 ML / 1 %의 솔루션의 kg)에 Lidocaine는 체계적인 진통제가 실험 결과를 혼란시킬 수있다 때 절개 사이트에 들어갈 수 있습니다. </li><li> 우리는 일반적으로 DVT로 인한 사후 수술 악영향을 발생하지 않습니다. 그러나 불리한 게시물 수술 효과가 자발적인 마취 사망, 수술 출혈 및 신경 외상으로 인해 일부 부전 마비를 포함할 수 있습니다. 복구 않으려하고 동물 먹이 누트리아 젤하거나 젖은 차우는 동물의 회복을 촉진하기 위해 새장 바닥에 놓여있을 수 있습니다. 끊어 포스트 수술 합병증과 동물은 euthanized 편안해야합니다. </li><li> 지정된 시점에서 안락사는 설치류 동물에 대한 안락사에 미국 베티 의사회 가이드에 명시된 권장 사항에 따라 편안하게 수행됩니다. </li></ol> 3. 대표 결과 EIM은 지속적인 혈류의 존재에 혈전 형성하는 모델입니다. 다음 그림은이 소설의 모델 조사 매개 변수를 보여줍니다. <img src="/files/ftp_upload/2737/2737fig1.jpg" alt="그림 1" /> 어디 25G 스테인리스의 그림 1 definesthe 해부 영역은색 코팅 동선 (KY - 30 - 1 - GRN, Electrospec, 도버, NJ)에 부착된 바늘이 삽입됩니다. 림프 노드가 거의 존재와 꼬리 IVC를 찾을 수 랜드마크로 도움이 있습니다. <img src="/files/ftp_upload/2737/2737fig2.jpg" alt="그림 2" /> 그림 2 : 2 일 다른 변종의 EIM 후 혈전 무게. 예상했던대로, 혈전 무게 PAI - 1 KO 마우스의 하단과 hypercoagulable 델타 중부 표준시 마우스 (^ CT)에 큰되었습니다. <img src="/files/ftp_upload/2737/2737fig3.jpg" alt="그림 3" /> 그림 3 : 가용성식이 P - selectin, 깊은 정맥 혈전증에 대한 제조 업체는 다른 종자로 측정되었다. 가장 높은 수준 hypercoagulable 델타 중부 표준시 마우스에서 발견된 반면 가장 낮은 수준은 PAI - 1 KO 마우스에서 발견되었습니다. <img src="/files/ftp_upload/2737/2737fig4.jpg" alt="그림 4" /> 혈전 무게와 P - selectin 가용성이 다른 변종이 발견되었습니다 사이의 상관 관계를 그림 4. 참고의 짧은 혈전 크기를 생성한 그룹에서 감지 P - selectin 가용성은 (PAI - 1 KO 마우스) 가장 낮은되었습니다. 가장 큰 혈전 크기를 생성한 그룹에서 감지 P - selectin 가용성은 (hypercoagulable 델타 CT) 최고되었습니다. <img src="/files/ftp_upload/2737/2737fig5.jpg" alt="그림 5" /> 그림 5 : 혈액 흐름의 존재를 증명하기 위해서는 초음파가 EIM을받은 생쥐에서 수행되었다. 그림 5 2 일 EIM 후 마우스로 진행 초음파를 보여줍니다. 그러면 표본은 수확했다. 혈전 형태 흐름의 존재에 혈전 형성을 제안하는 참고

<ol>
	<li>Diaz, J. A., Hawley, A. E., Alvarado, C. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Thrombogenesis+with+continuous+blood+flow+in+the+inferior+vena+cava.+A+novel+mouse+model.">Thrombogenesis with continuous blood flow in the inferior vena cava. A novel mouse model.</a> Thromb Haemost. 104, 366-375 (2010).</li><li>Eitzman, D. T., Westrick, R. J., Nabel, E. G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Plasminogen+activator+inhibitor-1+and+vitronectin+promote+vascular+thrombosis+in+mice.">Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 and vitronectin promote vascular thrombosis in mice.</a> Blood. 95, 577-580 (2000).</li><li>Myers, D., Farris, D., Hawley, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Selectins+influence+thrombosis+in+a+mouse+model+of+experimental+deep+venous+thrombosis.">Selectins influence thrombosis in a mouse model of experimental deep venous thrombosis.</a> J Surg Res. 108, 212-221 (2002).</li><li>Myers, D. D., Hawley, A. E., Farris, D. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=P-selectin+and+leukocyte+microparticles+are+associated+with+venous+thrombogenesis.">P-selectin and leukocyte microparticles are associated with venous thrombogenesis.</a> J Vasc Surg. 38, 1075-1089 (2003).</li><li>Pierangeli, S. S., Barker, J. H., Stikovac, D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Effect+of+human+IgG+antiphospholipid+antibodies+on+an+in+vivo+thrombosis+model+in+mice.">Effect of human IgG antiphospholipid antibodies on an in vivo thrombosis model in mice.</a> Thromb Haemost. 71, 670-674 (1994).</li><li>Pierangeli, S. S., Liu, X. W., Barker, J. H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Induction+of+thrombosis+in+a+mouse+model+by+IgG,+IgM+and+IgA+immunoglobulins+from+patients+with+the+antiphospholipid+syndrome.">Induction of thrombosis in a mouse model by IgG, IgM and IgA immunoglobulins from patients with the antiphospholipid syndrome.</a> Thromb Haemost. 74, 1361-1367 (1995).</li></ol>

관심 없음 충돌 선언하지 않습니다.

마우스 생체내 실험에 대한 훌륭한 연구 도구입니다. 따라서 밀접하게 질병이나 병적인 조건을 모방 마우스 모델의 개발이 필요합니다. 광화학 (2), 스테이 시스 (3-4), 기계적 외상 (5-6) : 여러 정맥 혈전증 마우스 모델을 포함 DVT을 연구하는 데 사용되었습니다. 그러나 이러한 모델 중 누구도 지속적인 혈류의 존재에 혈전을 생성하는 내부 내피 자극을 사용하지 않습니다. EIM은 IVC 내에서 전기 자극을 사용하여 혈액 흐름의 존재에 내피 활성화 (1) 정맥 thrombogenesis을 추진하고 있습니다. 그것은 쉽게 재현할 수, 기술적으로 간단하고 높은 생존율 (99 %)를하고 있습니다. 전류가 전기를 생성하는 데 사용됩니다 사실에도 불구하고, 열 (1) 생성되지 않습니다. EIM 모델은 밀접하게 임상 DVT을 시뮬레이션하고, 따라서 혈전 형성 및 해결의 본질적인 메커니즘을 연구를위한 가치있는 도구로 제공하고 있습니다. EIM 모델은 혈전증 질환에 대한 새로운 치료 접근의 발전에도 유용합니다.

<table border="1"><tbody><tr><th> 시약의 이름 </th><th> 회사 </th><th> 카탈로그 번호 </th><th> 댓글 (옵션) </th></tr><tr><td> DMEM </td><td> Invitrogen </td><td> ABCD1234 </td><td></td></tr></tbody></table>

electrolytic inferior vena cava model (eim) of venous thrombosis

동물 모델은 혈전 형성, 혈전 해상도를 공부하고 잠재적인 치료 화합물 (1) 테스트하기 위해 깊은 정맥 혈전증 (DVT) 연구에 중요한 역할을 제공하고 있습니다. DVT의 치료 및 예방에 활용하는 새로운 화합물은 현재 개발되고있다. 영향을 thrombosed 정맥에 잠재적인 치료 길항제 화합물의 배달 문제가되었습니다. 에서 치료 응용 프로그램의 컨텍스트 부분 스테이시 스를 사용하고 지속적으로 주요 정맥 내에 thrombi를 생성하는 모델은 최근에 설립되었습니다. 전해 하부 대정 맥 모델 (EIM)는 지속적인 혈류의 존재에 혈전 형성을 허용 DVT의 마우스 모델입니다. 이 모델은 치료 요원들이 역동적인 방식으로 혈전 접촉에있을 수 있으며, DVT (1)의 다른 모델보다 더 민감합니다. 또한,이 혈전증 모델은 밀접하게 혈전 형성의 임상 상황을 시뮬레이션하고 정맥 내피 세포 활성화, 백혈구 마이 그 레이션, 정맥 thrombogenesis을 연구하고 치료 응용 프로그램 (1) 테스트 이상적입니다. EIM 모델은, 쉽게 재현할 수, 기술적으로 간단 일관 thrombi 크기를 생성 및 분석을 위해 필요한 큰 예제 (예 : 혈전과 정맥 벽)에 있습니다.

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Electrolytic Inferior Vena Cava Model EIM of Venous Thrombosis at JoVE.com

Electrolytic Inferior Vena Cava Model EIM of Venous Thrombosis

내피 활성화 및 일부 혈액 스테이시, Virchow의 깡패의 두 가지 구성 요소로 인해 정맥 혈전 형성 유형의 하부 대정 맥 결과의 내부 표면에 내피 활성화 전해 유도.

정맥 혈전증의 전해 하부 대정 맥 모델 (EIM)

Animal models serve a vital role in deep venous thrombosis (DVT) research in order to study thrombus formation, thrombus resolution and to test potential ...

electrolytic-inferior-vena-cava-model-eim-of-venous-thrombosis

Research

JoVE Journal

Medicine

Electrolytic Inferior Vena Cava Model (EIM) of Venous Thrombosis

Mouse Complete Stasis Model of Inferior Vena Cava Thrombosis

Venous thromboembolism (VTE) includes both deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE). In the United States (U.S.), the high morbidity and mortality rates make VTE a serious health concern 1-2. After heart disease and stroke, VTE is the third most common vascular disease 3. In the U.S. alone, there is an estimated 900,000 people affected each year, with 300,000 deaths occurring annually 3. A reliable in vivo animal model to study the mechanisms of this disease is necessary.
The advantages of using the mouse complete stasis model of inferior vena cava thrombosis are several. The mouse model allows for the administration of very small volumes of limited availability test agents, reducing costs dramatically. Most promising is the potential for mice with gene knockouts that allow specific inflammatory and coagulation factor functions to be delineated. Current molecular assays allow for the quantitation of vein wall, thrombus, whole blood, and plasma for assays. However, a major concern involving this model is the operative size constraints and the friability of the vessels. Also, due to the small IVC sample weight (mean 0.005 grams) it is necessary to increase animal numbers for accurate statistical analysis for tissue, thrombus, and blood assays such as real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), western blot, enzyme-linked immunosorbent (ELISA), zymography, vein wall and thrombus cellular analysis, and whole blood and plasma assays 4-8.
The major disadvantage with the stasis model is that the lack of blood flow inhibits the maximal effect of administered systemic therapeutic agents on the thrombus and vein wall.

The mouse complete stasis model of inferior vena cava thrombosis yields quantifiable amounts of vein wall tissue and thrombus. It has proven useful for evaluating interactions between the vein wall and the occlusive thrombus and in assessing the progression from acute to chronic inflammation.

하부 대정 맥 혈전증의 마우스 완전한 스테이 시스 모델

Venous thromboembolism (VTE) includes both deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE).  In the United States (U.S.), the high morbidity and ...

연구

의학

Implantation of Inferior Vena Cava Interposition Graft in Mouse Model

Biodegradable scaffolds seeded with bone marrow mononuclear cells (BMCs) are often used for reconstructive surgery to treat congenital cardiac anomalies. The long-term clinical results showed excellent patency rates, however, with significant incidence of stenosis. To investigate the cellular and molecular mechanisms of vascular neotissue formation and prevent stenosis development in tissue engineered vascular grafts (TEVGs), we developed a mouse model of the graft with approximately 1 mm internal diameter. First, the TEVGs were assembled from biodegradable tubular scaffolds fabricated from a polyglycolic acid nonwoven felt mesh coated with &#949;-caprolactone and L-lactide copolymer. The scaffolds were then placed in a lyophilizer, vacuumed for 24 hr, and stored in a desiccator until cell seeding. Second, bone marrow was collected from donor mice and mononuclear cells were isolated by density gradient centrifugation. Third, approximately one million cells were seeded on a scaffold and incubated O/N. Finally, the seeded scaffolds were then implanted as infrarenal vena cava interposition grafts in C57BL/6 mice. The implanted grafts demonstrated excellent patency (&#62;90%) without evidence of thromboembolic complications or aneurysmal formation. This murine model will aid us in understanding and quantifying the cellular and molecular mechanisms of neotissue formation in the TEVG.

To improve our knowledge of cellular and molecular neotissue formation, a murine model of the TEVG was recently developed. The grafts were implanted as infrarenal vena cava interposition grafts in C57BL/6 mice. This model achieves similar results to those achieved in our clinical investigation, but over a far shortened time-course.

마우스 모델에서 하대 정맥 끼어 이식의 주입

Biodegradable scaffolds seeded with bone marrow mononuclear cells (BMCs) are often used for reconstructive surgery to treat congenital cardiac anomalies. ...

Ferric Chloride-induced Thrombosis Mouse Model on Carotid Artery and Mesentery Vessel

Severe thrombosis and its ischemic consequences such as myocardial infarction, pulmonary embolism and stroke are major worldwide health issues. The ferric chloride injury is now a well-established technique to rapidly and accurately induce the formation of thrombi in exposed veins or artery of small and large diameter. This model has played a key role in the study of the pathophysiology of thrombosis, in the discovery and validation of novel antithrombotic drugs and in the understanding of the mechanism of action of these new agents. Here, the implementation of this technique on a mesenteric vessel and carotid artery in mice is presented. The method describes how to label circulating leukocytes and platelets with a fluorescent dye and to observe, by intravital microscopy on the exposed mesentery, their accumulation at the injured vessel wall which leads to the formation of a thrombus. On the carotid artery, the occlusion caused by the clot formation is measured by monitoring the blood flow with a Doppler probe.

The FeCl3 induced thrombosis model in mice is described herein. A method to monitor thrombus growth by intravital microscopy observation on a mesenteric vessel and by blood flow measurement in the carotid artery is presented.

철 염화물에 의한 경동맥 및 장간막 용기에 혈전증 마우스 모델

Severe thrombosis and its ischemic consequences such as myocardial infarction, pulmonary embolism and stroke are major worldwide health issues. The ferric ...

Patch Angioplasty in the Rat Aorta or Inferior Vena Cava

Pericardial patches are commonly used in vascular surgery to close vessels. To facilitate studies of the neointimal hyperplasia that forms on the patch, we developed a rat model of patch angioplasty that can be used in either a vein or an artery, creating a patch venoplasty or a patch arterioplasty, respectively. Technical aspects of this model are discussed. The infra-renal IVC or aorta are dissected and then clamped proximally and distally. A 3 mm venotomy or arteriotomy is performed in the infrarenal inferior vena cava or aorta of 6 to 8 week-old Wistar rats. A bovine pericardial patch (3 mm x 1.5 mm x 0.6 mm) is then used to close the site using a 10-0 nylon suture. Compared to arterial patches, venous patches show increased neointimal thickness on postoperative day 7. This novel model of pericardial patch angioplasty can be used to examine neointimal hyperplasia on vascular biomaterials, as well as to compare the differences between the arterial and venous environments.

We have established a model of pericardial patch angioplasty that can be used in either small-diameter veins or arteries. This model can be used to compare venous and arterial neointimal hyperplasia formation.

쥐 대동맥 또는 하대 정맥에 혈관 성형술 패치

Pericardial patches are commonly used in vascular surgery to close vessels. To facilitate studies of the neointimal hyperplasia that forms on the patch, ...

A Rat Model of Orthotopic Liver Transplantation Using a Novel Magnetic Anastomosis Technique for Suprahepatic Vena Cava Reconstruction

The rat model of orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) is essential for transplant research. It is a very sophisticated animal model and requires a steep learning curve. The introduction of the cuff technique for anastomosis of the portal vein (PV) and infrahepatic vena cava (IHVC) has significantly simplified the transplant procedure in rats. However, due to the short anterior wall of the recipients' suprahepatic vena cava (SHVC), the cuff technique is very difficult to use for the reconstruction of the SHVC. Most researchers in this field still use the hand-suture technique for SHVC reconstruction, which makes it the bottleneck step in rat orthotopic liver transplantation. The magnetic anastomosis technique (i.e., magnamosis) is a method of connecting two vessels using the attractive force between two magnets. Our recent study has shown that the magnetic anastomosis technique is superior to the hand-suture technique for SHVC reconstruction in rats. In this article, we show a step-by-step protocol for SHVC reconstruction in rats using the novel magnetic anastomosis technique. In this model, the reconstruction of the PV and IHVC was performed by the standard cuff technique, while the reconstruction of the bile duct (BD) was performed by a stent technique. The hepatic re-arterialization was not performed. The magnetic anastomosis technique made SHVC reconstruction much easier and significantly shortened the anphepatic phase. After a reasonable learning curve, even researchers without advanced microsurgical skills can produce reliable and reproducible results using this rat model of OLT.

The reconstruction of the suprahepatic vena cava (SHVC) remains a difficult step in rat orthotopic liver transplantation. In this article, we show a step-by-step protocol for SHVC reconstruction in rats using a novel magnetic anastomosis technique.

Orthotopic의 쥐 모델 간 이식 Suprahepatic 베 나 정 맥 재건에 대 한 새로운 자석 문 합 기술을 사용 하 여

The rat model of orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) is essential for transplant research. It is a very sophisticated animal model and requires a steep ...

Ferric Chloride-induced Canine Carotid Artery Thrombosis: A Large Animal Model of Vascular Injury

Occlusive arterial thrombosis leading to cerebral ischemic stroke and myocardial infarction contributes to ~13 million deaths every year globally. Here, we have translated a vascular injury model from a small animal into a large animal (canine), with slight modifications that can be used for pre-clinical screening of prophylactic and thrombolytic agents. In addition to the surgical methods, the modified protocol describes the step-by-step methods to assess carotid artery canalization by angiography, detailed instructions to process both the brain and carotid artery for histological analysis to verify carotid canalization and cerebral hemorrhage, and specific parameters to complete an assessment of downstream thromboembolic events by utilizing magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). In addition, specific procedural changes from the previously well-established small animal model necessary to translate into a large animal (canine) vascular injury are discussed.

Here, we present the modifications necessary to a well characterized and commonly used small animal ferric chloride-induced (FeCl3) carotid artery injury model for use in a large animal vascular injury model. The resulting model can be utilized for pre-clinical trial assessment of both prophylactic and thrombolytic pharmacological and mechanical interventions.

제 2 철 염화 유도 개 경 동맥 혈전 증: 혈관 손상의 큰 동물 모델

Occlusive arterial thrombosis leading to cerebral ischemic stroke and myocardial infarction contributes to ~13 million deaths every year globally. Here, ...

Isometric Contractility Measurement of the Mouse Mesenteric Artery Using Wire Myography

The wire myograph technique is used to assess the contractility of vascular smooth muscles in response to depolarization, GPCR agonists/inhibitors and drugs. It is widely used in many studies on the physiological functions of vascular smooth muscle, the pathogenesis of vascular diseases such as hypertension, and the development of smooth muscle relaxant drugs. The mouse is a widely used model animal with a large pool of disease models and genetically modified strains. We introduced this method to measure the isometric contraction of mouse mesenteric artery in detail. A 1.4-mm segment of mouse mesenteric resistance artery was isolated and mounted on a myograph chamber by passing two steel wires through its lumen. After equilibration and normalization steps, the vessel segment was potentiated by a high-K+ solution twice prior to the contraction assay. As an example of the application of this method in drug development, we measured the relaxant effect of a novel natural substance, neoliensinine, isolated from a Chinese herb, embryos of the lotus seed (Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn.) on mouse mesenteric arteries. The vessel segments mounted on the myograph chamber were stimulated with a high-K+ solution. When the force tension reached a stable sustained phase, cumulative doses of neoliensinine were added to the chamber. We found that neoliensinine had a dose-dependent relaxant effect on smooth muscle contraction, thus suggesting that it bears potential activity against hypertension. In addition, as the vessel segment can survive at least 4 hours after mounting and maintain contractility induced by the high-K+ solution for many times, we suggest that the wire myograph system may be used for the time-consuming process of drug screening.

The wire myograph technique is used to investigate vascular smooth muscle functions and screen new drugs. We report a detailed protocol for measuring the isometric contractility of the mouse mesenteric artery and for screening new relaxants of vascular smooth muscle.

Myography 와이어를 사용 하 여 마우스 Mesenteric 동맥의 isometric 수축 측정

The wire myograph technique is used to assess the contractility of vascular smooth muscles in response to depolarization, GPCR agonists/inhibitors and ...

Murine Model of Central Venous Stenosis using Aortocaval Fistula with an Outflow Stenosis

Central venous stenosis is an important entity contributing to arteriovenous fistula (AVF) failure. A murine AVF model was modified to create a partial ligation of the inferior vena cava (IVC) in the outflow of the fistula, mimicking central venous stenosis. Technical aspects of this model are introduced. The aorta and IVC are exposed, following an abdominal incision. The infra-renal aorta and IVC are dissected for proximal clamping, and the distal aorta is exposed for puncture. The IVC at the midpoint between the left renal vein and the aortic bifurcation is carefully dissected to place an 8-0 suture beneath the IVC. After clamping the aorta and IVC, an AVF is created by puncturing the infra-renal aorta through both walls into the IVC with a 25 G needle, followed by ligating a 22 G intra-venous (IV) catheter and IVC together. The catheter is then removed, creating a reproducible venous stenosis without occlusion. The aorta and IVC are unclamped after confirming primary hemostasis. This novel model of central vein stenosis is easy to perform, reproducible, and will facilitate studies on AVF failure.

An aortocaval fistula was created by puncturing the murine infra-renal aorta through both walls into the inferior vena cava and was followed by creation of a stenosis in its outflow via partial ligation of the inferior vena cava. This reproducible model can be used to study central venous stenosis.

유출 협착증을 가진 Aortocaval 누공을 사용하여 중앙 정맥 협착증의 뮤린 모형

Central venous stenosis is an important entity contributing to arteriovenous fistula (AVF) failure. A murine AVF model was modified to create a partial ...

Image Acquisition Method for the Sonographic Assessment of the Inferior Vena Cava

Over the past several decades, clinicians have incorporated several applications of diagnostic point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) into medical decision-making. Among the applications of POCUS, imaging the inferior vena cava (IVC) is practiced by a wide variety of specialties, such as nephrology, emergency medicine, internal medicine, critical care, anesthesiology, pulmonology, and cardiology. Although each specialty uses IVC data in slightly different ways, most medical specialties, at minimum, attempt to use IVC data to make predictions about intravascular volume status. While the relationship between IVC sonographic data and intravascular volume status is complex and highly context-dependent, all clinicians should collect the sonographic data in standardized ways to ensure repeatability. This paper describes standardized IVC image acquisition including patient positioning, transducer selection, probe placement, image optimization, and the pitfalls and limitations of IVC sonographic imaging.&#160;This paper also describes the commonly performed anterior IVC long-axis view and three other views of the IVC that can each provide helpful diagnostic information when the anterior long-axis view is difficult to obtain or interpret.

Point-of-care ultrasound evaluation of the inferior vena cava (IVC) is commonly utilized to identify, among other things, the volume status. Imaging should be performed systematically to ensure repeatability. This manuscript reviews the methods and pitfalls of sonographic IVC examination.

하대정맥의 초음파 평가를 위한 영상 획득 방법

Over the past several decades, clinicians have incorporated several applications of diagnostic point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) into medical ...

Point-Of-Care Ultrasound Screening for Proximal Lower Extremity Deep Venous Thrombosis

Acute lower extremity deep venous thrombosis (DVT) is a serious vascular disorder that requires accurate and early diagnosis to prevent life-threatening sequelae. While whole leg compression ultrasound with color and spectral Doppler is commonly performed in radiology and vascular labs, point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) is becoming more common in the acute care setting. Providers appropriately trained in focused POCUS can perform a rapid bedside examination with high sensitivity and specificity in critically ill patients. This paper describes a simplified yet validated approach to POCUS by describing a three-zone protocol for lower extremity DVT POCUS image acquisition. The protocol explains the steps in obtaining vascular images at six compression points in the lower extremity. Beginning at the level of the proximal thigh and moving distally to the popliteal space, the protocol guides the user through each of the compression points in a stepwise manner: from the common femoral vein to the femoral and deep femoral vein bifurcation, and, finally, to the popliteal vein. Further, a visual aid is provided that may assist providers during real-time image acquisition. The goal in presenting this protocol is to help make proximal lower extremity DVT exams more accessible and efficient for POCUS users at the patient&#39;s bedside.

Traditionally, lower extremity deep venous thrombosis (DVT) is diagnosed by radiology-performed venous duplex ultrasound. Providers appropriately trained in focused point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) can perform a rapid bedside examination with high sensitivity and specificity in critically ill patients. We describe the scanning technique for focused POCUS DVT lower extremity examination.

근위 하지 심부 정맥 혈전증에 대한 현장 진료 초음파 검사

Acute lower extremity deep venous thrombosis (DVT) is a serious vascular disorder that requires accurate and early diagnosis to prevent life-threatening ...