Name: subcutaneous administration of muscarinic antagonists and triple-immunostaining of the levator auris longus muscle in mice
Uploaded: 2011-09-08T13:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Subcutaneous Administration of Muscarinic Antagonists and Triple-Immunostaining of the Levator Auris Longus Muscle in Mice at JoVE.com

这项工作得到了肌肉萎缩症协会，国立卫生研究院（NS062320）。

1。皮下给药毒蕈碱型乙酰胆碱受体拮抗剂（mAChR） <ol><li>在无菌条件下适当的剂量，mAChR拮抗剂（参表）准备通过溶解在无菌生理盐水1.5ml的反应管中的药物。以下拮抗剂：阿托品，Methoctramine，4阻尼，AFDX - 116，AFDX - 384吨7。 </li><li>绘制成a1cc胰岛素注射器的解决方案50μL，并为每个鼠标使用单独的注射器。还准备只包含每个对照组小鼠生理盐水的注射器。置于冰上直到准备注射器注入。 </li><li>?...

<ol>
	<li>Wright, M. C., Son, Y. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Ciliary+neurotrophic+factor+is+not+required+for+terminal+sprouting+and+compensatory+reinnervation+of+neuromuscular+synapses:+re-evaluation+of+CNTF+null+mice.">Ciliary neurotrophic factor is not required for terminal sprouting and compensatory reinnervation of neuromuscular synapses: re-evaluation of CNTF null mice.</a> Exp Neurol. 205, 437-448 (2007).</li><li>Gurney, M. E., Yamamoto, H., Kwon, Y. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Induction+of+motor+neuron+sprouting+in+vivo+by+ciliary+neurotrophic+factor+and+basic+fibroblast+growth+factor.">Induction of motor neuron sprouting in vivo by ciliary neurotrophic factor and basic fibroblast growth factor.</a> J Neurosci. 12, 3241-3247 (1992).</li><li>Caroni, P., Aigner, L., Schneider, C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Intrinsic+neuronal+determinants+locally+regulate+extrasynaptic+and+synaptic+growth+at+the+adult+neuromuscular+junction.">Intrinsic neuronal determinants locally regulate extrasynaptic and synaptic growth at the adult neuromuscular junction.</a> J Cell Biol. 136, 679-692 (1997).</li><li>Witzemann, V., Brenner, H. R., Sakmann, B. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Neural+factors+regulate+AChR+subunit+mRNAs+at+rat+neuromuscular+synapses.">Neural factors regulate AChR subunit mRNAs at rat neuromuscular synapses.</a> J Cell Biol. 114, 125-141 (1991).</li><li>Angaut-Petit, D., Molgo, J., Connold, A. L., Faille, L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+levator+auris+longus+muscle+of+the+mouse:+a+convenient+preparation+for+studies+of+short-+and+long-term+presynaptic+effects+of+drugs+or+toxins.">The levator auris longus muscle of the mouse: a convenient preparation for studies of short- and long-term presynaptic effects of drugs or toxins.</a> Neurosci Lett. 82, 83-88 (1987).</li><li>Lanuza, M. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Pre-+and+postsynaptic+maturation+of+the+neuromuscular+junction+during+neonatal+synapse+elimination+depends+on+protein+kinase.">Pre- and postsynaptic maturation of the neuromuscular junction during neonatal synapse elimination depends on protein kinase.</a> C. J Neurosci Res. 67, 607-617 (2002).</li><li>Garcia, N., Santafe, M. M., Tomas, M., Lanuza, M. A., Tomas, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Short-term+effects+of+beta-amyloid25-35+peptide+aggregates+on+transmitter+release+in+neuromuscular+synapses.">Short-term effects of beta-amyloid25-35 peptide aggregates on transmitter release in neuromuscular synapses.</a> J Neuropathol Exp Neurol. 67, 250-259 (2008).</li><li>Wright, M. C., Cho, W. J., Son, Y. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Distinct+patterns+of+motor+nerve+terminal+sprouting+induced+by+ciliary+neurotrophic+factor+vs.+botulinum+toxin.">Distinct patterns of motor nerve terminal sprouting induced by ciliary neurotrophic factor vs. botulinum toxin.</a> J Comp Neurol. 504, 1-16 (2007).</li><li>Wright, M. C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Distinct+muscarinic+acetylcholine+receptor+subtypes+contribute+to+stability+and+growth,+but+not+compensatory+plasticity,+of+neuromuscular+synapses.">Distinct muscarinic acetylcholine receptor subtypes contribute to stability and growth, but not compensatory plasticity, of neuromuscular synapses.</a> J Neurosci. 29, 14942-14955 (2009).</li><li>Voss, A. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Extracellular+ATP+inhibits+chloride+channels+in+mature+mammalian+skeletal+muscle+by+activating+P2Y1+receptors.">Extracellular ATP inhibits chloride channels in mature mammalian skeletal muscle by activating P2Y1 receptors.</a> J Physiol. 587, 5739-5752 (2009).</li><li>Murray, L. M., Gillingwater, T. H., Parson, S. H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Using+mouse+cranial+muscles+to+investigate+neuromuscular+pathology+in+vivo.">Using mouse cranial muscles to investigate neuromuscular pathology in vivo.</a> Neuromuscul Disord. 20, 740-743 (2009).</li><li>Dorje, F. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Antagonist+binding+profiles+of+five+cloned+human+muscarinic+receptor+subtypes.">Antagonist binding profiles of five cloned human muscarinic receptor subtypes.</a> J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 256, 727-733 (1991).</li><li>Caulfield, M. P., Birdsall, N. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=International+Union+of+Pharmacology.+XVII.+Classification+of+muscarinic+acetylcholine+receptors.">International Union of Pharmacology. XVII. Classification of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors.</a> Pharmacol Rev. 50, 279-290 (1998).</li></ol>

这里介绍的方法，允许调查亚型特异性信号的稳定性和维护哺乳动物NMJs mAChR先前未确认的角色。此方法也将是有用的测试神经营养因子及药理制剂的影响。例如，我们的实验室发现，几乎所有的成年小鼠的鲎神经末梢引起睫状神经营养因子（CNTF <a>）</a>发芽1。这与睫状神经营养因子治疗后肢肌肉，报告中度CA发芽前研究的结果对比。 13-33％的臀大肌，外侧腓肠肌路口3 9％。我们相信这种?...

<table border="1"><tbody><tr><th>试剂名称</th><th>公司</th><th>目录编号</th><th>评论</th></tr><tr><td>氯胺酮</td><td> Hospira公司</td><td> NDC0409 - 2051 - 05 </td><td>剂量：120毫克</td></tr><tr><td>甲苯噻嗪</td><td>劳埃德实验室</td><td> LA33806 </td><td>剂量：8mg/kg </td></tr><tr><td>阿托品</td><td> Sigma - Aldrich公司</td><td> A0132 </td><td> （纯度&gt; 98％）; 20mg/kg剂量：0.2mg/kg - </td></tr><tr><td>阿托品</td><td>福格特全球分布</td><td> AT105 </td><td>医药级</td></tr><tr><td> Methoctramine </td><td> Sigma - Aldrich公司</td><td> M105 </td><td>剂量：100 - 400M </td></tr><tr><td> 4阻尼</td><td> Sigma - Aldrich公司</td><td> D142 </td><td>剂量：2.5mg/kg </td></tr><tr><td> AFDX - 116 </td><td> Tocris生物科学</td><td> 1105 </td><td> 250M </td></tr><tr><td> AFDX - 384 </td><td> Tocris生物科学</td><td> 1345 </td><td> 165&#39; - 500米</td></tr><tr><td>吨7 </td><td>肽国际</td><td> PMT - 4340 - S </td><td> 0.1M - 1M </td></tr><tr><td> 1X的磷酸盐缓冲生理盐水，pH值7.4 </td><td> Invitrogen公司</td><td> 10010049 </td><td></td></tr><tr><td>多聚甲醛</td><td>费舍尔</td><td> T353 - 500 </td><td> 10％的解决方案，首先解散10g/100mL用去离子蒸馏水，用1X PBS 4％，调整pH至7.4 </td></tr><tr><td>钠pentobarbitol </td><td>维克动物健康</td><td> NDC - 051311 - 050 - 01 </td><td>剂量：390mg/kg </td></tr><tr><td> Sylgard </td><td>道康宁</td><td> ＃184部分</td><td>按照指示，试剂盒，可以使用多种大小的培养皿（30毫米，为60mm，100mm）的取决于需求</td></tr><tr><td> 0.1M甘氨酸</td><td> Sigma - Aldrich公司</td><td> G - 7126 </td><td>添加0.185克2％BSA / PBS至25ml </td></tr><tr><td> 2％牛血清白蛋白（2％BSA） </td><td> Sigma - Aldrich公司</td><td> A3059 - 100G </td><td>溶解到100毫升的1X PBS2克牛血清白蛋白</td></tr><tr><td>海卫X100 0.2％，2％BSA / PBS（封闭液） </td><td> Sigma - Aldrich公司</td><td> T9284 - 100ML </td><td>溶解0.2ml/100mL 2％BSA / PBS </td></tr><tr><td> α-银环蛇毒素</td><td> Invitrogen公司</td><td> T1175 </td><td>使用浓度为1:200 </td></tr><tr><td> SMI - 312 </td><td> Sternberger单克隆抗体</td><td> SMI312 </td><td>使用浓度为1:1000 </td></tr><tr><td> SV2 </td><td>发展研究杂交瘤细胞银行</td><td> SV2 -上清</td><td>使用浓度为1:10 </td></tr><tr><td> S100 </td><td> Dako公司</td><td> Z0311 </td><td>使用浓度为1:400 </td></tr><tr><td> FITC标记的羊抗鼠IgG1 </td><td>罗氏公司</td><td> 03117731001 </td><td>使用浓度为1:200，但如果背景是高的，尝试1:400 </td></tr><tr><td> Alexa的福陆公司的647标记的羊抗兔</td><td> Invitrogen公司</td><td> A21244 </td><td>使用浓度为1:200 </td></tr><tr><td> Vectashield荧光安装媒体</td><td>媒介实验室</td><td> H - 1000 </td><td>这不是一个硬设置的媒体，您将需要安全与透明指甲油的盖玻片。 </td></tr><tr><td>小弹簧剪刀</td><td>精细科学的工具</td><td> 15002-08 </td><td></td></tr><tr><td>解剖钳</td><td>精细科学的工具</td><td> 11295-51 </td><td></td></tr></tbody></table>

subcutaneous administration of muscarinic antagonists and triple-immunostaining of the levator auris longus muscle in mice

经常用于在哺乳动物NMJs的形成和维护必不可少的信号体内的药理研究啮齿类动物，如腓肠肌和胫前，后肢肌肉。然而，药物渗透到这些肌肉，皮下或肌肉注射后往往是不完整或不平坦的，很多NMJs可以不受影响。虽然与设备，如微型泵全身给药可改善的时空效应，这种方法的入侵性可以导致混淆的炎症反应和/或直接的肌肉损伤。此外，完整的分析后肢肌肉NMJs是具有挑战性的，因为它需要耗费时间的连续切片和广泛的免疫。 鼠标鲎是一种细长，肌肉平板位于颈部背部表面。这是一个快速肌功能移动耳廓。它包含延髓和尾鳍部分来自颅骨中线和横向延伸到每个耳廓软骨部分。肌肉是提供项目尾端，因为它退出茎乳孔面神经的一个分支。我们和其他人发现鲎是一种非常方便的准备，提供的短期和长期在体内药物的影响NMJs和肌肉的调查优势。首先，其表面的位置，方便多个本地应用程序，在浅麻醉药物。其次，它的薄（2-3层肌纤维）允许几乎所有的肌肉内NMJs的可视化和分析。第三，易于解剖与神经完好，其支配的格局， 允许在体外9,5补充电生理分析。最后，也许是最重要的是，一个小的应用量（〜50μL）轻松地覆盖了整个的肌肉表面，提供了一个其所有NMJs的统一和长时间暴露在药物和消除需要一个系统性的方法1,8。

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Subcutaneous Administration of Muscarinic Antagonists and Triple-Immunostaining of the Levator Auris Longus Muscle in Mice at JoVE.com

Subcutaneous Administration of Muscarinic Antagonists and Triple-Immunostaining of the Levator Auris Longus Muscle in Mice

我们描述的毒蕈碱受体信号抑制剂反复提的Auris长肌（LAL）年轻的成年小鼠的肌肉和管理程序，其神经肌肉接头在随后的免疫wholemounts（NMJs）。鲎的肌肉已经露出独特的优势<em&gt;在体内</emNMJs&gt;的药理作用。

皮下给药的毒蕈碱受体拮抗剂和上睑提的Auris在小鼠体内长肌的三重免疫染色

Hind limb muscles of rodents, such as gastrocnemius and tibialis anterior, are frequently used for in vivo  pharmacological studies of the signals ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Neuroscience

Assessment of Ultrasonic Vocalizations During Drug Self-administration in Rats

在大鼠的药物自我管理的评估超声发声

Drug self-administration procedures are commonly used to study behavioral and neurochemical changes associated with human drug abuse, addiction and ...

科研

神经科学

Oral Administration of Rotenone using a Gavage and Image Analysis of Alpha-synuclein Inclusions in the Enteric Nervous System

鱼藤酮灌胃和图像分析α- synuclein的夹杂物在肠道神经系统的一个使用口服

In Parkinson's disease (PD) patients, the associated pathology follows a characteristic pattern involving inter alia the enteric nervous system (ENS) 1,2, ...

Spectral Confocal Imaging of Fluorescently tagged Nicotinic Receptors in Knock-in Mice with Chronic Nicotine Administration

光谱共焦成像的荧光标记的尼古丁受体敲在慢性尼古丁政府小鼠

Ligand-gated ion channels in the central nervous system (CNS) are implicated in numerous conditions with serious medical and social consequences.  For ...

Visualization of Proprioceptors in Drosophila Larvae and Pupae

Visualization of Proprioceptors in Drosophila Larvae and Pupae

可视化本体感受器<em&gt;果蝇</em&gt;幼虫和蛹

Proprioception is the ability to sense the motion, or position, of body parts by responding to stimuli arising within the body. In fruitflies and other ...

Microdialysis of Ethanol During Operant Ethanol Self-administration and Ethanol Determination by Gas Chromatography

微透析的乙醇操作性乙醇的自我管理和乙醇的测定气相色谱

Operant self-administration methods are commonly used to study the behavioral and pharmacological effects of many drugs of abuse, including ethanol.  ...

Proprioception and Tension Receptors in Crab Limbs: Student Laboratory Exercises

本体感觉和张力感受器在蟹四肢：学生实验室练习

The primary purpose of these procedures is to demonstrate for teaching and research purposes how to record the activity of living primary sensory neurons ...

A Simple and Inexpensive Method for Determining Cold Sensitivity and Adaptation in Mice

测定冷灵敏度和适应小鼠一种简单廉价的方法

Cold hypersensitivity is a serious clinical problem, affecting a broad subset of patients and causing significant decreases in quality of life.  The cold ...

Video Imaging and Spatiotemporal Maps to Analyze Gastrointestinal Motility in Mice

视频成像和时空地图来分析胃肠动力小鼠

The enteric nervous system (ENS) plays an important role in regulating gastrointestinal (GI) motility and can function independently of the central ...

A Protocol for the Administration of Real-Time fMRI Neurofeedback Training

实时 fMRI 神经训练管理协议

Neurologic disorders are characterized by abnormal cellular-, molecular-, and circuit-level functions in the brain. New methods to induce and control ...

Recording Brain Electromagnetic Activity During the Administration of the Gaseous Anesthetic Agents Xenon and Nitrous Oxide in Healthy Volunteers

Anesthesia arguably provides one of the only systematic ways to study the neural correlates of global consciousness/unconsciousness. However to date most ...