Name: patterning of embryonic stem cells using the bio flip chip
Uploaded: 2007-10-01T13:21:11
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Patterning of Embryonic Stem Cells Using the Bio Flip Chip at JoVE.com

Dit werk werd ondersteund door NIH subsidie ​​EB007278.

Het maken van een BFC BFCs zijn gemaakt door het vormen polydimethylsiloxaan (PDMS) over een 4 &quot;Si meester wafer. Maken van een master wafer <ol><li> Begin met het drogen van Si wafers gedurende 30 minuten bij 130 ° C. </li><li> Plaats de wafer op een spin-coater, giet SU8-2050 (Microchem) op de wafer, helling van 300 rpm / s tot +3.000 tot 4000 rpm, en de spin voor de 30 s te voorzien van een hoogte van 40-30 mm opbrengst, respectievelijk. ...

<ol>
	<li>Rosenthal, A., Macdonald, A., Voldman, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Cell+Patterning+Chip+for+Controlling+the+Stem+Cell+Microenvironment.">Cell Patterning Chip for Controlling the Stem Cell Microenvironment.</a> Biomaterials. 28, 3208-3216 (2007).</li></ol>

Hoewel het protocol en de video hier weergegeven beschrijven met behulp van de CBF 1 tot en met patroon muis embryonale stamcellen (mESCs), kan BFCs worden gebruikt om patronen praktisch elk celtype van belang. De enige verandering kan men moet maken is te wijzigen van de grootte van de microwells. In onze ervaring, om de CBF te gebruiken om het patroon enkele cellen van een ander celtype, een microwell diameter en hoogte gelijk is aan 10 micron groter is dan de losse cel diameter het beste werkt. BFCs kan ook worden gebr...

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<td>PDMS</td>
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patterning of embryonic stem cells using the bio flip chip

Cel-cel interacties, bestaande uit diffundeerbare signalering en cel-cel contact (juxtacrine signalering) zijn van belang in tal van biologische processen, zoals de groei van tumoren, stamcel differentiatie en stamcellen zelfvernieuwing. Een aantal van de methoden die momenteel bestaan ​​om moduleren cell signaling in vitro. Een methode van het moduleren van de totale hoeveelheid diffundeerbare signalering is om de cel te zaaien dichtheid variëren gedurende cultuur. Als gevolg van de willekeurige aard van de cel zaaien, leidt dit tot een aanzienlijke variatie in de feitelijke cel-cel afstand en de hoeveelheid van cel-cel contact, en kan niet voorschrijven de lokale omgeving. Een meer specifieke aanpak voor het moduleren van cell signaling is aan moleculaire remmers of genetische benaderingen te gebruiken om knock down specifieke signaaleiwitten, maar beide methoden zijn het meest geschikt voor het manipuleren van kleine aantallen moleculen. Hier tonen we een nieuwe benadering van het moduleren van cel-cel signalering dat de lokale omgeving van een cluster van cellen door het plaatsen van een verschillend aantal cellen op de gewenste locaties op een substraat moduleert. Deze methode biedt een aanvullende manier om de lokale diffundeerbare en juxtacrine signalering tussen cellen te controleren. Onze methode maakt gebruik van de Bio Flip Chip (CBF), een microfabricated siliconen chip met honderden-to-duizenden microwells, iedere grootte om ofwel een enkele cel of kleine aantallen cellen te houden. We laden de chip met cellen gewoon door pipetteren ze op de array van putten en het wassen gelost cellen uit de array. De chip wordt dan omgedraaid op een substraat, waarbij de cellen vallen uit de putten en op de ondergrond, met behoud van hun patroon. Nadat de cellen hebben aangesloten, kan de chip worden verwijderd (of links op). Deze benadering van cel patronen is uniek in die zin dat: 1) verandert niets aan de chemie van de ondergrond, waardoor cellen te laten groeien en te migreren, 2) maakt het mogelijk patronen op elke ondergrond, inclusief weefselkweek polystyreen, glas, Matrigel, en zelfs feeder cellagen, en 3) is compatibel met de traditionele microcontact drukken, waardoor de creatie van extracellulaire matrix eilanden met cellen geplaatst in deze eilanden. In deze video, tonen we de patronen van muis embryonale stamcellen op tissue-cultuur polystyreen met behulp van de CBF.

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Patterning of Embryonic Stem Cells Using the Bio Flip Chip at JoVE.com

Patterning of Embryonic Stem Cells Using the Bio Flip Chip

Demonstreren we een eenvoudige methode voor het plaatsen van cellen op de gewenste locaties op een substraat. Deze methode patronen cellen door het opgooien van een siliconen chip met microwells gevuld met cellen op de ondergrond. Deze methode biedt een nieuwe manier te moduleren diffundeerbare en juxtacrine signalering tussen cellen.

Patroonvorming van embryonale stamcellen Met behulp van de Bio Flip Chip

Cell-cell interactions consisting of diffusible signaling and cell-cell contact (juxtacrine signaling) are important in numerous biological processes such ...

patterning-of-embryonic-stem-cells-using-the-bio-flip-chip

Research

JoVE Journal

Biology

Propagation of Human Embryonic Stem (ES) Cells

Propagation of Human Embryonic Stem ES Cells

Verspreiding van menselijke embryonale stamcellen (ES) cellen

Derivation of Hematopoietic Stem Cells from Murine Embryonic Stem Cells

A stem cell is defined as a cell with the capacity to both self-renew and generate multiple differentiated progeny.  Embryonic stem cells (ESC) are derived from the blastocyst of the early embryo and are pluripotent in differentiative ability.  Their vast differentiative potential has made them the focus of much research centered on deducing how to coax them to generate clinically useful cell types.  The successful derivation of hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) from mouse ESC has recently been accomplished and can be visualized in this video protocol.  HSC, arguably the most clinically exploited cell population, are used to treat a myriad of hematopoietic malignancies and disorders.  However, many patients that might benefit from HSC therapy lack access to suitable donors.  ESC could provide an alternative source of HSC for these patients.  The following protocol establishes a baseline from which ESC-HSC can be studied and inform efforts to isolate HSC from human ESC.  In this protocol, ESC are differentiated as embryoid bodies (EBs) for 6 days in commercially available serum pre-screened for optimal hematopoietic differentiation.  EBs are then dissociated and infected with retroviral HoxB4.  Infected EB-derived cells are plated on OP9 stroma, a bone marrow stromal cell line derived from the calvaria of  M-CSF-/- mice, and co-cultured in the presence of hematopoiesis promoting cytokines for ten days.  During this co-culture, the infected cells expand greatly, resulting in the generation a heterogeneous pool of 100s of millions of cells.  These cells can then be used to rescue and reconstitute lethally irradiated mice.

This protocol details the derivation of transplantable hematopoietic stem cells from mouse embryonic stem cells (ESC) and their subsequent injection into lethally irradiated recipient mice. Briefly, ESC are differentiated as embryoid bodies, which are then infected with retroviral HoxB4 and co-cultured with OP9 stromal cells and hematopoietic cytokines.

Afleiding van hematopoietische stamcellen van muriene embryonale stamcellen

A stem cell is defined as a cell with the capacity to both self-renew and generate multiple differentiated progeny.  Embryonic stem cells (ESC) are ...

CD4+ T-Lymphocyte Capture Using a Disposable Microfluidic Chip for HIV

CD4 + T-lymfocyten Capture Met behulp van een Wegwerp Microfluïdische Chip voor HIV

RNA Extraction from Neuroprecursor Cells Using the Bio-Rad Total RNA Kit

RNA-extractie uit Neuroprecursor cellen met behulp van de Bio-Rad Totaal RNA Kit

Derivation of Human Embryonic Stem Cells by Immunosurgery

The ability of human embryonic stem cells to self-renew and differentiate into all cell types of 
the body suggests that they hold great promise for both medical applications and as a research 
tool for addressing fundamental questions in development and disease. Here, we provide a 
concise, step-by-step protocol for the derivation of human embryonic stem cells from embryos 
by immunosurgical isolation of the inner cell mass. 


The ability of human embryonic stem cells to self-renew and differentiate into all cell types of 
the body suggests that they hold great promise for both medical applications and as a research 
tool for addressing fundamental questions in development and disease. Here, we provide a 
concise, step-by-step protocol for the derivation of human embryonic stem cells from embryos 
by immunosurgical isolation of the inner cell mass.

Afleiding van menselijke embryonale stamcellen door Immunosurgery

The ability of human embryonic stem cells to self-renew and differentiate into all cell types of 
the body suggests that they hold great promise for both ...

Chromatin Immunoprecipitation from Human Embryonic Stem Cells

The functional and structural complexity of the myriad of cells in metazoan organisms arises from a small number of stem cells. Stem cells are characterized by two fundamental properties: self-renewal and multipotency that allows a stem cell to differentiate into virtually any cell type 1. The progression stem cell to differentiated cell is characterized by loss of multipotency, structural and morphological changes and the hierarchic activity of transcription factors and signaling molecules, whose activities establish and maintain cell-type specific gene expression patterns. At the molecular level, cell differentiation involves dynamic changes of the structure and composition of chromatin and the detection of those dynamic changes can provide valuable insights into the functional features of stem cells and the cell differentiation process 2,3. Chromatin is a highly compacted DNA-protein complex that forms when cells package chromosomal DNA with proteins, mainly histones 4. Stemcellness and cell differentiation has been correlated with the presence of specific arrays of regulatory proteins such as epigenetic factors, histone variants, and transcription factors 2,3,5.
 Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) provides a valuable method to monitor the presence of RNA, proteins, and protein modifications in chromatin 6,7. The comparison of chromatin from different cell types can elucidate dynamic changes in protein-chromatin associations that occur during cell differentiation.
Chromatin immunoprecipitation involves the purification of in vivo cross-linked chromatin. The isolated chromatin is reduced to smaller fragments by enzymatic digestion or mechanical force. Chromatin fragments are precipitated using specific antibodies to target proteins or protein and DNA modifications. The precipitated DNA or RNA is purified and used as a template for PCR or DNA microarray based assays. Prerequisites for a successful ChIP are high quality antibodies to the desired antigen and the availability of chromatin from control cells that do not express the target molecule. ChIP can correlate the presence of proteins, protein and RNA modifications, and RNA with specific target DNA, and depending on the choice of outread tool, detects the association of target molecules at specific target genes or in the context of an entire genome. The comparison of the distribution of proteins in the chromatin of differentiating cells can elucidate the dynamic changes of chromatin composition that coincide with the progression of cells along a cell lineage.

The differentiation of ESC coincides with cell-type specific changes in the structure and composition of chromatin. The detection of those changes provides valuable insights into the mechanisms that define stemcellness and cell differentiation. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) represents a valuable method to dissect the molecular mechanisms underlying stem cell differentiation.

Chromatine immunoprecipitatie van menselijke embryonale stamcellen

The functional and structural complexity of the myriad of cells in metazoan organisms arises from a small number of stem cells. Stem cells are ...

In vitro Differentiation of Mouse Embryonic Stem (mES) Cells Using the Hanging Drop Method

Stem cells have the remarkable potential to develop into many different cell types. When a stem cell divides, each new cell has the potential to either remain a stem cell or become another type of cell with a more specialized function, This promising of science is leading scientists to investigate the possibility of cell-based therapies to treat disease.

When culture in suspension without antidifferentiation factors, embryonic stem cells spontaneously differentiate and form three-dimensional multicellular aggregates. These cell aggregates are called embryoid bodies(EB). Hanging drop culture is a widely used EB formation induction method. The rounded bottom of hanging drop allows the aggregation of ES cells which can provide mES cells a good environment for forming EBs. The number of ES cells aggregatied in a hanging drop can be controlled by varying the number of cells in the initial cell suspension to be hung as a drop from the lid of Petri dish. Using this method we can reproducibly form homogeneous EBs from a predetermined number of ES cells. 

In vitro Differentiation of Mouse Embryonic Stem mES Cells Using the Hanging Drop Method

This video demonstrates how to conduct in vitro differentiation of mouse embryonic stem cells to embryoid bodies using the hanging drop method.

In vitro differentiatie van muis embryonale stamcellen (MES) cellen met behulp van de Opknoping neerzetten

Stem cells have the remarkable potential to develop into many different cell types. When a stem cell divides, each new cell has the potential to either ...

Culture and Maintenance of Human Embryonic Stem Cells  

Human embryonic stem (hES) cells must be monitored and cared for in order to maintain healthy, undifferentiated cultures. At minimum, the cultures must be  fed  every day by performing a complete medium change to replenish lost nutrients and to keep the cultures free of unwanted differentiation factors. Although a small amount of differentiation is normal and expected in stem cell cultures, the culture should be routinely cleaned up by manually removing, or "picking" differentiated areas. Identifying and removing excess differentiation from hES cell cultures are essential techniques in the maintenance of a healthy population of cells.

Culture and Maintenance of Human Embryonic Stem Cells

This protocol demonstrates how to maintain healthy, undifferentiated human embryonic stem (ES) cells.

Cultuur en onderhoud van menselijke embryonale stamcellen

Human embryonic stem (hES) cells must be monitored and cared for in order to maintain healthy, undifferentiated cultures. At minimum, the cultures must be ...

Freezing and Thawing Human Embryonic Stem Cells

Since James Thomson et al developed a technique in 1998 to isolate and grow hES in culture, freezing cells for later use and thawing and expanding cells from a frozen stock have become important procedures performed in routine hES cell culture. Since hES cells are very sensitive to the stresses of freezing and thawing, special care must taken. Here we demonstrate the proper technique for rapidly thawing hES cells from liquid nitrogen stocks, plating them on mouse embryonic feeder cells, and slowly freezing them for long-term storage.

Since James Thomson et al developed a technique in 1998 to isolate and grow hES in culture, freezing cells for later use and thawing and expanding cells from a frozen stock have become important procedures performed in routine hES cell culture. Since hES cells are very sensitive to the stresses of freezing and thawing, special care must taken. Here we demonstrate the proper technique for rapidly thawing hES cells from liquid nitrogen stocks, plating them on mouse embryonic feeder cells, and slowly freezing them for long-term storage.

Invriezen en ontdooien van menselijke embryonale stamcellen

Since James Thomson et al developed a technique in 1998 to isolate and grow hES in culture, freezing cells for later use and thawing and expanding cells ...

Isolation and Derivation of Mouse Embryonic Germinal Cells

The ability of embryonic germinal cells (EG) to differentiate into primordial germinal cells (PGCs) and later into gametes during early developmental stages is a perfect model to address our hypothesis about cancer and infertility. This protocol shows how to isolate primordial germinal cells from developing gonads in 10.5-11.5 days post coitum (dpc) mouse embryos.  Developing gonadal ridges from mouse embryos (C57BL6J) were dissociated by mechanical disruption with collagenase, then plated in a mouse embryo fibroblast feeder layer (MEF-CF1) that was previously mitotically inactivated with mitomycin C in the presence of knockout media and supplemented with Leukemia Inhibitor Factor (LIF), basic Fibroblast Growth Factor (bFGF), and Stem Cell Factor (SCF).  Using these optimized methods for PCG identification, isolation, and establishment of culture conditions permits long term cultures of EG cells for more than 40 days.  The embryonic germinal cell lines showed embryonic phenotype and expression of common used markers of the pluripotent state.  Isolation and derivation of germinal cells in culture provide a tool to understand their development in vitro and offer the opportunity to monitor cumulative damage at genetic and epigenetic levels after exposure to oxidative stress.

The ability of embryonic germinal cells to differentiate into primordial germinal cells during early development stages is a perfect model to address our hypothesis about cancer and infertility. This protocol shows how to isolate primordial germinal cells from developing gonads in 10.5-11.5 days post coitum mouse embryos.

Isolatie en Afleiding van muis embryonale cellen Germinal

The ability of embryonic germinal cells (EG) to differentiate into primordial germinal cells (PGCs) and later into gametes during early developmental ...