Name: imaging pheromone sensing in a mouse vomeronasal acute tissue slice preparation
Uploaded: 2011-12-06T12:00:00
Duration: 9 min 31 s
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Imaging Pheromone Sensing in a Mouse Vomeronasal Acute Tissue Slice Preparation at JoVE.com

हम उनकी वैज्ञानिक सलाह और इमेजिंग सीआईएफ मंच खुर्दबीन उपकरणों के लिए UNIL के लिए विशेष रूप से उसे उत्कृष्ट तकनीकी सहायता के लिए Monique Nenniger Tosato के रूप में अच्छी तरह के रूप में जीन Yves Chatton शुक्रिया अदा करना चाहता हूँ. अनुदान स्विस राष्ट्रीय विज्ञान फाउंडेशन द्वारा प्रदान की गई थी.

<ol>
	<li>Karlson, P., L&#252;scher, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term="Pheromones"+a+new+term+for+a+class+of+biologically+active+substances.">"Pheromones" a new term for a class of biologically active substances.</a> Nature. 183, 55-56 (1959).</li><li>Cavaggioni, A., Mucignat-Caretta, C., Redaelli, M., Zagotto, G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+scent+of+urine+spots+of+male+mice,+Mus+musculus:+Changes+in+chemical+composition+over+time.">The scent of urine spots of male mice, Mus musculus: Changes in chemical composition over time.</a> Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom. 20, 3741-3746 (2006).</li><li>Novotny, M., Harvey, S., Jemiolo, B. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Chemistry+of+male+dominance+in+the+house+mouse,+Mus+domesticus.">Chemistry of male dominance in the house mouse, Mus domesticus.</a> Experientia. 46, 109-113 (1990).</li><li>Leinders-Zufall, T. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Ultrasensitive+pheromone+detection+by+mammalian+vomeronasal+neurons.">Ultrasensitive pheromone detection by mammalian vomeronasal neurons.</a> Nature. 405, 792-796 (2000).</li><li>Leinders-Zufall, T. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=MHC+class+I+peptides+as+chemosensory+signals+in+the+vomeronasal+organ.">MHC class I peptides as chemosensory signals in the vomeronasal organ.</a> Science. 306, 1033-1037 (2004).</li><li>Leinders-Zufall, T., Ishii, T., Mombaerts, P., Zufall, F., Boehm, T. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Structural+requirements+for+the+activation+of+vomeronasal+sensory+neurons+by+MHC+peptides.">Structural requirements for the activation of vomeronasal sensory neurons by MHC peptides.</a> Nat. Neurosci. 12, 1551-1558 (2009).</li><li>Jemiolo, B., Xie, T. M., Novotny, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Socio-sexual+olfactory+preference+in+female+mice:+attractiveness+of+synthetic+chemosignals.">Socio-sexual olfactory preference in female mice: attractiveness of synthetic chemosignals.</a> Physiol. Behav. 50, 1119-1122 (1991).</li><li>Achiraman, S., Archunan, G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Characterization+of+urinary+volatiles+in+Swiss+male+mice+(Mus+musculus):+bioassay+of+identified+compounds.">Characterization of urinary volatiles in Swiss male mice (Mus musculus): bioassay of identified compounds.</a> J. Biosci. 27, 679-686 (2002).</li><li>Dulac, C., Torello, A. T. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Molecular+detection+of+pheromone+signals+in+mammals:+from+genes+to+behaviour.">Molecular detection of pheromone signals in mammals: from genes to behaviour.</a> Nat. Rev. Neurosci. 4, 551-562 (2003).</li><li>Brennan, P. A., Zufall, F. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Pheromonal+communication+in+vertebrates.">Pheromonal communication in vertebrates.</a> Nature. 444, 308-315 (2006).</li><li>Mondor, E. B., Roitberg, B. D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Inclusive+fitness+benefits+of+scent-marking+predators.">Inclusive fitness benefits of scent-marking predators.</a> Proc. Biol. Sci. 271, 341-343 (2004).</li><li>Holy, T. E., Dulac, C., Meister, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Responses+of+vomeronasal+neurons+to+natural+stimuli.">Responses of vomeronasal neurons to natural stimuli.</a> Science. 289, 1569-1572 (2000).</li><li>Keverne, E. B. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+Vomeronasal+Organ.">The Vomeronasal Organ.</a> Science. 286, 716-720 (1999).</li><li>Weiler, E. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Postnatal+development+of+the+rat+vomeronasal+organ.">Postnatal development of the rat vomeronasal organ.</a> Chem. Senses. 30, 127-128 (2005).</li><li>Zufall, F., Kelliher, K. R., Leinders-Zufall, T. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Pheromone+detection+by+mammalian+vomeronasal+neurons.">Pheromone detection by mammalian vomeronasal neurons.</a> Microsc. Res. Tech. 58, 251-260 (2002).</li><li>Ciges, M., Labella, T., Gayoso, M., Sanchez, G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Ultrastructure+of+the+organ+of+Jacobson+and+comparative+study+with+olfactory+mucosa.">Ultrastructure of the organ of Jacobson and comparative study with olfactory mucosa.</a> Acta. Otolaryngol. 83, 47-58 (1977).</li><li>Munger, S. D., Leinders-Zufall, T., Zufall, F. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Subsystem+organization+of+the+mammalian+sense+of+smell.">Subsystem organization of the mammalian sense of smell.</a> Annu. Rev. Physiol. 71, 115-140 (2009).</li><li>Mombaerts, P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Genes+and+ligands+for+odorant,+vomeronasal+and+taste+receptors.">Genes and ligands for odorant, vomeronasal and taste receptors.</a> Nat. Rev. Neurosci. 5, 263-278 (2004).</li><li>Ryba, N. J. P., Tirindelli, R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+new+multigene+family+of+putative+pheromone+receptors.">A new multigene family of putative pheromone receptors.</a> Cell. 19, 371-379 (1997).</li><li>Matsunami, H., Buck, L. B. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+multigene+family+encoding+a+diverse+array+of+putative+pheromone+receptors+in+mammals.">A multigene family encoding a diverse array of putative pheromone receptors in mammals.</a> Cell. 90, 775-784 (1997).</li><li>Herrada, G., Dulac, C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+novel+family+of+putative+pheromone+receptors+in+mammals+with+a+topographycally+organized+and+sexually+dimorphic+distribution.">A novel family of putative pheromone receptors in mammals with a topographycally organized and sexually dimorphic distribution.</a> Cell. 90, 763-773 (1997).</li><li>Dulac, C., Axel, R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+novel+family+of+genes+encoding+putative+pheromone+receptors+in+mammals.">A novel family of genes encoding putative pheromone receptors in mammals.</a> Cell. 83, 195-206 (1995).</li><li>Young, J. M., Massa, H. F., Hsu, L., Trask, B. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Extreme+variability+among+mammalian+V1R+gene+families.">Extreme variability among mammalian V1R gene families.</a> Genome. Res. 20, 10-18 (2009).</li><li>Yang, H., Shi, P., Zhang, Y. P., Zhang, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Composition+and+evolution+of+the+V2r+vomeronasal+receptor+gene+repertoire+in+mice+and+rats.">Composition and evolution of the V2r vomeronasal receptor gene repertoire in mice and rats.</a> Genomics. 86, 306-315 (2005).</li><li>Levai, O., Feistel, T., Breer, H., Strotmann, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Cells+in+the+vomeronasal+organ+express+odorant+receptors+but+project+to+the+accessory+olfactory+bulb.">Cells in the vomeronasal organ express odorant receptors but project to the accessory olfactory bulb.</a> J. Comp. Neurol. 498, 476-490 (2006).</li><li>Riviere, S., Challet, L., Fluegge, D., Spehr, M., Rodriguez, I. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Formyl+peptide+receptor-like+proteins+are+a+novel+family+of+vomeronasal+chemosensors.">Formyl peptide receptor-like proteins are a novel family of vomeronasal chemosensors.</a> Nature. 459, 574-577 (2009).</li><li>Liberles, S. D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Formyl+peptide+receptors+are+candidate+chemosensory+receptors+in+the+vomeronasal+organ.">Formyl peptide receptors are candidate chemosensory receptors in the vomeronasal organ.</a> Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 106, 9842-9847 (2009).</li><li>Liman, E. R., Corey, D. P., Dulac, C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=TRP2:+A+candidate+transduction+channel+for+mammalian+pheromone+sensory+signaling.">TRP2: A candidate transduction channel for mammalian pheromone sensory signaling.</a> Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 96, 5791-5796 (1999).</li><li>Kelliher, K. R., Spehr, M., Li, X. H., Zufall, F., Leinders-Zufall, T. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Pheromonal+recognition+memory+induced+by+TRPC2-independent+vomeronasal+sensing.">Pheromonal recognition memory induced by TRPC2-independent vomeronasal sensing.</a> Eur. J. Neurosci. 23, 3385-3390 (2006).</li><li>Rodriguez, I., Feinstein, P., Mombaerts, P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Variable+patterns+of+axonal+projections+of+sensory+neurons+in+the+mouse+vomeronasal+system.">Variable patterns of axonal projections of sensory neurons in the mouse vomeronasal system.</a> Cell. 97, 199-208 (1999).</li><li>Boschat, C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Pheromone+detection+mediated+by+a+V1r+vomeronasal+receptor.">Pheromone detection mediated by a V1r vomeronasal receptor.</a> Nature. Neuroscience. 5, 1261-1262 (2002).</li><li>Brechbühl, J., Klaey, M., Broillet, M. C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Grueneberg+ganglion+cells+mediate+alarm+pheromone+detection+in+mice.">Grueneberg ganglion cells mediate alarm pheromone detection in mice.</a> Science. 321, 1092-1095 (2008).</li></ol>

ब्याज की कोई संघर्ष की घोषणा की.

कैल्शियम इमेजिंग विधि यहाँ प्रस्तुत करने के लिए एक गंभीर टुकड़ा तैयारी में रिकॉर्ड, माउस VNO न्यूरॉन्स की pheromonal प्रतिक्रिया करने के लिए सक्षम बनाता है. इस दृष्टिकोण के साथ, जानवर से vomeronasal न्यूरॉन्स को विच्छेदन कुछ अभ्यास के साथ है, आसानी से प्राप्त है और लंबे समय से रहने वाले एक ऊतक तैयारी प्रदान करता है. यह औषधीय जांच या pheromonal कोडिंग के अध्ययन की तरह समय लेने वाली प्रयोगों की अनुमति देता है. इस शारीरिक तकनीक के साथ, बड़ी आबादी के रूप में के रूप में अच्छी तरह से सटीक neuronal subpopulations विशेष रूप से विश्लेषण किया जा सकता है. इसके अलावा, इस विधि को आसानी से immunohistochemical दृष्टिकोण या अन्य कैल्शियम रंगों पर आधारित प्रयोगों के लिए अनुकूलित किया जा सकता है. इन संयुक्त तरीके का उपयोग निश्चित रूप से कई अनाथ माउस vomeronasal अंग में व्यक्त chemoreceptors के लिए नए pheromonal ligands की पहचान की अनुमति देगा.

<table border="1"><tbody><tr><td> अभिकर्मक के नाम </td><td> कंपनी </td><td> सूचीपत्र संख्या </td><td> टिप्पणियाँ </td></tr><tr><td> Adenosine 5&#39;-triphosphate disodium नमक समाधान (एटीपी) </td><td> सिग्मा Aldrich </td><td> A6559 - 25UMO </td><td></td></tr><tr><td> अगर </td><td> सिग्मा Aldrich </td><td> A7002-100g </td><td> Preferentially immunohistochemistry के लिए </td></tr><tr><td> अग्रवाल (कम पिघलने) </td><td> सिग्मा Aldrich </td><td> A0701-25g </td><td> Preferentially कैल्शियम इमेजिंग के लिए </td></tr><tr><td> सीएल-100 द्विध्रुवी तापमान नियंत्रक </td><td> वार्नर उपकरण </td><td> W64-0352 </td><td></td></tr><tr><td> Confocal सूक्ष्मदर्शी </td><td> Leica माइक्रोसिस्टम्स </td><td> SP5 AOBS </td><td></td></tr><tr><td> Cy5 AffiniPure बकरी विरोधी माउस आईजीजी </td><td> जैक्सन ImmunoResearch </td><td> 115-175-071 </td><td> प्रकाश से रक्षा </td></tr><tr><td> DMSO (डाइमिथाइल Sulfoxide) </td><td> मर्क </td><td> 317,275-100ml </td><td></td></tr><tr><td> नए नए साँचे एम्बेडिंग, पील एक मार्ग </td><td> Polysciences </td><td> 18646A-1 </td><td> 22 x x 20 मिमी 22 </td></tr><tr><td> प्रतिदीप्त बढ़ते मीडिया (DAPI साथ Vectashield, 10 मिलीलीटर) </td><td> Rectolab </td><td> एच 1200 </td><td></td></tr><tr><td> FURA - 02:00 </td><td> Teflabs </td><td> 0103 </td><td> प्रकाश से रक्षा </td></tr><tr><td> Glisseal एन (वैक्यूम तेल, 60 ग्राम) </td><td> छिद्रक Chemie </td><td> Glisseal एन </td><td></td></tr><tr><td> बड़े स्नान रिकॉर्डिंग कक्ष (आर सी-26G) </td><td> वार्नर उपकरण </td><td> 64-0235 </td><td></td></tr><tr><td> MetaFluor (कैल्शियम इमेजिंग के लिए सॉफ्टवेयर, v.7.6.5.0) </td><td> Visitron सिस्टम </td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td> मोनोक्लोनल acetylate विरोधी ट्यूबिलिनडी माउस एंटीबॉडी </td><td> सिग्मा Aldrich </td><td> T6793 - .2ML </td><td></td></tr><tr><td> सामान्य बकरी सीरम (NGS, 10 मिलीलीटर) </td><td> Interchim </td><td> UP379030 </td><td></td></tr><tr><td> कक्षों के लिए प्लेटफार्म (पी -1) </td><td> वार्नर उपकरण </td><td> 64-0277 </td><td></td></tr><tr><td> Pluronic एफ 127, 2 ग्राम </td><td> Invitrogen </td><td> P-6867 </td><td></td></tr><tr><td> रोटी Coll (Dosing बोतल, 10 ग्राम) </td><td> कार्ल रोथ </td><td> 0,258.1 </td><td></td></tr><tr><td> SC-20 दोहरी समाधान हीटर लाइन में / कूलर </td><td> वार्नर उपकरण </td><td> W64-0353 </td><td></td></tr><tr><td> स्लाइस लंगर (SHD-26GKIT) </td><td> वार्नर उपकरण </td><td> 64-0266 </td><td></td></tr><tr><td> Stereofluorescence खुर्दबीन </td><td> Leica माइक्रोसिस्टम्स </td><td> MZ16FA </td><td></td></tr><tr><td> सुपर पीएपी कलम (hydrophobicकलम) </td><td> Pelco इंटरनेशनल </td><td> 22309 </td><td></td></tr><tr><td> Triton एक्स - 100 </td><td> Fluka </td><td> 93,420 - 250ml </td><td></td></tr><tr><td> हिल ब्लेड सूक्ष्म तक्षणी VT 1200s </td><td> Leica माइक्रोसिस्टम्स </td><td> 14048142066 </td><td></td></tr><tr><td> VisiChrome उच्च गति polychromator प्रणाली </td><td> Visitron सिस्टम </td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td> 3D डेटा विज़ुअलाइज़ेशन (Imaris, v.6.3.1) </td><td> Bitplane वैज्ञानिक सॉफ्टवेयर </td><td></td><td></td></tr></tbody></table>

imaging pheromone sensing in a mouse vomeronasal acute tissue slice preparation

Peter Karlson and Martin L&uuml;scher used the term pheromone for the first time in 19591 to describe chemicals used for intra-species communication. Pheromones are volatile or non-volatile short-lived molecules2 secreted and/or contained in biological fluids3,4, such as urine, a liquid known to be a main source of pheromones3. Pheromonal communication is implicated in a variety of key animal modalities such as kin interactions5,6, hierarchical organisations3 and sexual interactions7,8 and are consequently directly correlated with the survival of a given species9,10,11. In mice, the ability to detect pheromones is principally mediated by the vomeronasal organ (VNO)10,12, a paired structure located at the base of the nasal cavity, and enclosed in a cartilaginous capsule. Each VNO has a tubular shape with a lumen13,14 allowing the contact with the external chemical world. The sensory neuroepithelium is principally composed of vomeronasal bipolar sensory neurons (VSNs)15. Each VSN extends a single dendrite to the lumen ending in a large dendritic knob bearing up to 100 microvilli implicated in chemical detection16. Numerous subpopulations of VSNs are present. They are differentiated by the chemoreceptor they express and thus possibly by the ligand(s) they recognize17,18. Two main vomeronasal receptor families, V1Rs and V2Rs19,20,21,22, are composed respectively by 24023 and 12024 members and are expressed in separate layers of the neuroepithelium. Olfactory receptors (ORs)25 and formyl peptide receptors (FPRs)26,27 are also expressed in VSNs.
Whether or not these neuronal subpopulations use the same downstream signalling pathway for sensing pheromones is unknown. Despite a major role played by a calcium-permeable channel (TRPC2) present in the microvilli of mature neurons28 TRPC2 independent transduction channels have been suggested6,29. Due to the high number of neuronal subpopulations and the peculiar morphology of the organ, pharmacological and physiological investigations of the signalling elements present in the VNO are complex.
Here, we present an acute tissue slice preparation of the mouse VNO for performing calcium imaging investigations. This physiological approach allows observations, in the natural environment of a living tissue, of general or individual subpopulations of VSNs previously loaded with Fura-2AM, a calcium dye. This method is also convenient for studying any GFP-tagged pheromone receptor and is adaptable for the use of other fluorescent calcium probes. As an example, we use here a VG mouse line30, in which the translation of the pheromone V1rb2 receptor is linked to the expression of GFP by a polycistronic strategy.

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Imaging Pheromone Sensing in a Mouse Vomeronasal Acute Tissue Slice Preparation at JoVE.com

Imaging Pheromone Sensing in a Mouse Vomeronasal Acute Tissue Slice Preparation

चूहों में, pheromones का पता लगाने की क्षमता मुख्य vomeronasal अंग (VNO) द्वारा मध्यस्थता है. यहाँ, कैल्शियम इमेजिंग प्रदर्शन के लिए एक तीव्र ऊतक VNO का टुकड़ा तैयारी में वर्णित है. यह शारीरिक दृष्टिकोण एक ऊतक रहने में subpopulations और / या व्यक्तिगत न्यूरॉन्स की टिप्पणियों की अनुमति देता है और रिसेप्टर ligand की पहचान के लिए सुविधाजनक है.

इमेजिंग pheromone एक माउस vomeronasal तीव्र ऊतक स्लाइस तैयारी में सेंसिंग

Peter Karlson and Martin L&uuml;scher used the term pheromone for the first time in 19591 to describe chemicals used for intra-species communication. ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Neuroscience

Multielectrode Array Recordings of the Vomeronasal Epithelium

Multielectrode vomeronasal उपकला ऐरे रिकॉर्डिंग

Understanding neural circuits requires methods to record from many neurons simultaneously. For in vitro studies, one currently available technology is ...

Chronic Imaging of Mouse Visual Cortex Using a Thinned-skull Preparation

माउस दृश्य प्रांतस्था के जीर्ण इमेजिंग तैयारी thinned - खोपड़ी का उपयोग

In vivo imaging using two-photon laser scanning microscopy (2PLSM) allows the study of living cells and neuronal processes in the intact brain. The ...

Patch Clamp Recordings from Mouse Retinal Neurons in a Dark-adapted Slice Preparation

पैच एक डार्क अनुकूलित स्लाइस तैयारी में माउस रेटिना न्यूरॉन्स से दबाना रिकॉर्डिंग

Our visual experience is initiated when the visual pigment in our retinal photoreceptors absorbs photons of light energy and initiates a cascade of ...

Slice Preparation, Organotypic Tissue Culturing and Luciferase Recording of Clock Gene Activity in the Suprachiasmatic Nucleus

स्लाइस तैयार, Organotypic ऊतक संवर्धन और घड़ी जीन गतिविधि के suprachiasmatic नाभिक में luciferase रिकॉर्डिंग

A central circadian (~24 hr) clock coordinating daily rhythms in physiology and behavior resides in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) located in the ...

Multiple-mouse Neuroanatomical Magnetic Resonance Imaging

एकाधिक माउस Neuroanatomical चुंबकीय अनुनाद इमेजिंग

The field of mouse phenotyping with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is rapidly growing, motivated by the need for improved tools for characterizing and ...

Imaging Neuronal Responses in Slice Preparations of Vomeronasal Organ Expressing a Genetically Encoded Calcium Sensor

इमेजिंग Neuronal प्रतिक्रियाएँ vomeronasal अंग के स्लाइस की तैयारी में एक आनुवंशिक एन्कोडेड कैल्शियम सेंसर व्यक्त

The vomeronasal organ (VNO) detects chemosensory signals that carry information about the social, sexual and reproductive status of the individuals within ...

Tissue Preparation and Immunostaining of Mouse Sensory Nerve Fibers Innervating Skin and Limb Bones

ऊतक और माउस संवेदी तंत्रिका फाइबर त्वचा और अंग की हड्डी Innervating तैयार Immunostaining

Detection and primary processing of physical, chemical and thermal sensory stimuli by peripheral sensory nerve fibers is key to sensory perception in ...

Preparation of Acute Subventricular Zone Slices for Calcium Imaging

कैल्शियम इमेजिंग के लिए तीव्र subventricular क्षेत्र स्लाइस की तैयारी

The subventricular zone (SVZ) is one of the two neurogenic zones in the postnatal brain. The SVZ contains densely packed cells, including neural ...

Ex Vivo Preparations of the Intact Vomeronasal Organ and Accessory Olfactory Bulb

Ex Vivo Preparations of the Intact Vomeronasal Organ and Accessory Olfactory Bulb

बरकरार vomeronasal अंग और गौण घ्राण बल्ब की पूर्व vivo तैयारी

The mouse accessory olfactory system (AOS) is a specialized sensory pathway for detecting nonvolatile social odors, pheromones, and kairomones. The first ...

Slice It Hot: Acute Adult Brain Slicing in Physiological Temperature

स्लाइस यह हॉट: शारीरिक तापमान में तीव्र वयस्क मस्तिष्क टुकड़ा करने की क्रिया

Here we present a protocol for preparation of acute brain slices. This procedure is a critical element for electrophysiological patch-clamp experiments ...