Name: an introduction to parasitic wasps of drosophila and the antiparasite immune response
Uploaded: 2012-05-07T12:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about An Introduction to Parasitic Wasps of Drosophila and the Antiparasite Immune Response at JoVE.com

我们感谢的托德Schlenke教授，教授托尼IP转基因果蝇株，为Trichopria果蝇和教授卡尔桥本反Spätzle抗体。此演示实验室的贡献，我们感谢过去和现在的成员。支持这项工作是由下列补助：（S06 GM08168，高层41399-009，和G12-RR03060），，从国立卫生研究院，美国农业部（野村综合研究所/农业部CSREES 2006-03817和2009-35302-05277）和PSC-纽约市立大学。

整个实验的协议分为四个步骤（ 图9）。 （1）蝇蛆养殖黄蜂（2）建立感染和准备解剖动物;（3）隔离和修复主机/寄生虫结构;（4）免疫组织分析。 1。对果蝇幼虫培养黄蜂维护黄蜂文化需要仔细规划。相对于日益增长的苍蝇，这是相当劳力密集。我们维持我们在实验室YW应变果蝇幼虫或蛹的蜂殖民地在24°C培养黄蜂保持在合...

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在对果蝇的寄生蜂的兴趣正在涌动解码整个基因组的分子生物学技术成为高效率和成本效益。然而，相对于他们非常出色的研究主机，蜂生物学的许多有趣的方面仍模糊不清。这些措施包括申办范围，免疫抑制，过寄生和行为有关的问题。这次演讲的重点是要证明在果蝇的免疫组织感染的影响。这里展示的解剖技术可以用于基因表达分析，RNA水平（ 原位杂交），或在提取核酸芯片或...

<table border="1"><tbody><tr><td> 物料 </td><td> 类型 </td><td> 公司 </td><td> 目录编号 </td></tr><tr><td> 昆虫文化维护材料 </td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>酵母</td><td>活性干酵母</td><td> Fisher Scientific则</td><td> S802453 </td></tr><tr><td>飞食品</td><td>玉米粉，糖</td><td></td><td>标准食谱</td></tr><tr><td>蜂蜜</td><td>三叶草</td><td>荷兰黄金</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>样品瓶</td><td>聚丙烯壳样品瓶（窄） </td><td> Fisher Scientific则</td><td> AS514 </td></tr><tr><td>瓶封</td><td>棉塞</td><td> Fisher Scientific则</td><td> AS212 </td></tr><tr><td>瓶封</td><td>嗡嗡声插头</td><tD&gt;杰纳西科学</td><td> AS273 </td></tr><tr><td>冷藏孵化器</td><td>精密815 </td><td> Thermo Scientific的</td><td> 3721 </td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td> 材料样品制备 </td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td> CO 2坦克</td><td>骨干级</td><td>台湾史密斯</td><td> UN1013 </td></tr><tr><td>抹刀</td><td>微型抹刀（14厘米） </td><td> Fisher Scientific则</td><td> 21-401-15 </td></tr><tr><td> Pyrex的现场测试板</td><td> 9解剖钢板85毫米x 100毫米</td><td>托马斯科学</td><td> 7812G17 </td></tr><tr><td>巴斯德滴管</td><td>苏打石灰</td><td> J和Ĥ贝格</td><td> 71-5200-05 </td></tr><tr><td>镊子</td><td>风格＃5 </td><td>西格玛</td><td>的T-4662 </td></tr><tr><td>乙醇</td><td> 190证明美国药典</td><td> Fisher Scientific则</td><td> 04-355-221 </td></tr><tr><td>甲醛</td><td> 37％W / W </td><td> Fisher Scientific则</td><td> F79-1 </td></tr><tr><td>二级抗体Cy3标记AffiniPure驴抗兔IgG（H + L） </td><td> 1:50励磁546纳米;发射565纳米</td><td>杰克逊免疫研究实验室公司</td><td> 711-165-152 </td></tr><tr><td>抗淬灭（N - 没食子酸丙酯） </td><td> 4微克/毫升50％甘油在1X PBS </td><td> MP的Biomedicals </td><td> 10274790 </td></tr><tr><td>甘油</td><td></td><td> Fisher Scientific则</td><td> G33-1 </td></tr><tr><td>赫斯特33258 </td><td> 0.2微克/毫升激发352 nm的发射461纳米</td><td>分子探针</td><td>的H-1398 </td></tr><tr><td>罗丹明鬼笔环肽</td><td> 200个单位/毫升（6.6μM的）激发540 nm处，发射565纳米</td><td>分子探针</td><td> R415 </td></tr><tr><td>的Alexa Fluor 488鬼笔环肽</td><td> 300单位/毫升激发495 nm的发射518纳米</td><td>分子探针</td><td> A12379 </td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td> 耗材 </td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>洗瓶</td><td> fisherbrand </td><td> Fisher Scientific则</td><td> 03-409-22A </td></tr><tr><td> kimwipes </td><td>金佰利</td><td> Fisher Scientific则</td><td> 06-666A </td></tr><tr><td>纸巾</td><td> 1层的C倍</td><td>鹅毛笔</td><td> 901-7CFTB2400 </td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td> 显微镜 </td><td> ＆NBSP; </td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>徕卡立体显微镜</td><td> MZFLIII </td><td>帝国成像系统公司</td><td> 10446208 </td></tr><tr><td>蔡司体视显微镜</td><td> STEMI 1000或2000-C的</td><td>卡尔·蔡司</td><td> 000000-1006-126 </td></tr><tr><td>光源 - LED </td><td>鹅颈灯</td><td> Fisher Scientific则</td><td> 12563501 </td></tr><tr><td>阶段</td><td>钢板传输灯箱</td><td>卡尔·蔡司</td><td> 455137000 </td></tr><tr><td>蔡司激光扫描共聚焦显微镜</td><td> LSM的510 </td><td>卡尔·蔡司</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>蔡司复合显微镜</td><td> axioplan 2直立</td><td>卡尔·蔡司</td><td></td></tr></tbody></table><table border="1"><tbody><tr><td> 黄蜂株 </td><td> 飞应变小号</td></tr><tr><td> leptopilina victoriae 16 </td><td> YW </td></tr><tr><td> leptopilina boulardi 17 1 </td><td> UAS-GFP的背 17 </td></tr><tr><td> leptopilina heterotoma 2 </td><td> SerpentHemoGal4 13 </td></tr><tr><td> leptopilina heterotoma 14 1 </td><td> MSNF9-14 moCherry </td></tr><tr><td> trichopria果蝇 </td><td> MSNF-GFP的 15 </td></tr><tr><td> ganaspis xanthopoda 18 </td><td> YW蛇Gal4的无人机GFP-Dorsal/Basc 4 </td></tr><tr><td></td><td> YW; Drosomycin-GFP/CyO Y + 12 </td></tr></tbody></table>

an introduction to parasitic wasps of drosophila and the antiparasite immune response

最知名的寄生蜂攻击的果蝇幼虫或蛹的阶段。虽然Trichopria果蝇感染主机（ 图1A-C的 ），蛹的阶段，女性的，属Leptopilina（ 图1D，1F，1G）和Ganaspis（ 图1E）攻击的幼虫。我们使用这些寄生虫，一个种族的生物武器研究的分子基础。寄生蜂有防菌的巨大价值。他们大多携带的毒力和其他因素，修改主机的生理和免疫力。分析果蝇黄蜂提供特定物种的相互作用如何塑造自然群落的遗传结构的见解。这些研究还为了解主机的免疫生理以及如何协调免疫反应，这一类寄生虫挫败模型。 幼虫/蛹的表皮，作为第一线的夏德芬SE。蜂产卵器是一个尖锐的针状结构，可有效提供主机hemocoel的鸡蛋。其次是在表皮伤口愈合反应（ 图1C，箭头）产卵。有些黄蜂可以插入同一台主机上的两个或两个以上的鸡蛋，虽然只有一个鸡蛋的开发成功。的编外鸡蛋或发展幼虫被淘汰一个尚未了解的过程。这些小蜂，因此被称为为孤寄生。 根据动态应变和蜂种，蜂卵有两种命运。它可以封装，以便其发展受阻（主机出现; 图2左）;或黄蜂卵孵化，开发，molts，生长到成年（黄蜂出现图2右）。L。 heterotoma是果蝇寄生蜂的最好研究的物种之一。这是一个“多面手”，这意味着它可以利用大多数果蝇小号的pecies作为主机1 与heterotoma和L。 victoriae是姐妹物种和它们产生的病毒样颗粒封装响应2，积极干预。与L。 heterotoma，L. boulardi是一个专业的寄生虫和果蝇的范围，它采用的是相对有限的1。株L。 boulardi也产生病毒样颗粒3，虽然他们在自己的能力成功地在 D显着不同黑 1。一些这些研究boulardi株是很难成长， 在 D动态主机1 果蝇作为经常成功地封装它们的卵。因此，重要的是要在特定的实验协议双方的合作伙伴的知识。 此外屏障组织（角质层，肠道和气管）， 果蝇幼虫有全身的细胞免疫和体液免疫反应，产生fROM功能的血细胞和脂肪体，分别。产卵由L. boulardi同时激活免疫武器1,4。流通中的血细胞被发现，在柄的人群，分段角质层下和淋巴腺。淋巴腺是一个小的背侧幼虫的造血器官。造血干细胞群，称为叶，成对排列分段沿背船只沿着动物的前后轴（ 图3A）运行。脂肪体是一个大型的多功能器官（ 图3B）。它分泌抗菌肽微生物和后生动物感染。 黄蜂感染激活免疫信号（ 图4）4。在细胞水平上，它触发的血细胞的分裂和分化。在自卫，聚集和胶囊开发感染动物hemocoel（ 图5）5,6。 ACtivated血细胞迁移向蜂卵（或黄蜂幼虫）和它周围开始形成一个胶囊（ 图5A - F）。一些血细胞聚集形成结节（ 图5G - H）。仔细分析发现，黄蜂感染引起淋巴腺叶最前，在其外围分散（ 图6C，D）的。 我们提出用电话信号转导通路元件背和Spätzle（ 图4,5,7），其目标Drosomycin（ 图6）具有代表性的数据，来说明如何在淋巴腺和hemocoel的具体变化，可以研究黄蜂感染后。这里描述的剥离协议，也能产生从主机淋巴黄蜂（ 图8）鸡蛋（或发展的黄蜂阶段）。

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about An Introduction to Parasitic Wasps of Drosophila and the Antiparasite Immune Response at JoVE.com

An Introduction to Parasitic Wasps of Drosophila and the Antiparasite Immune Response

寄生蜂（寄生）构成了许多昆虫的天敌，包括各大类<em&gt;果蝇</em&gt;。我们将引进的技术，这些寄生虫传播<em&gt;果蝇</em&gt;属。并演示如何分析免疫组织的影响<em&gt;果蝇</em&gt;幼虫。

寄生蜂简介<em&gt;果蝇</em&gt;和Antiparasite的免疫反应的

Most known parasitoid wasp species attack the larval or pupal stages of Drosophila. While Trichopria drosophilae infect the pupal stages of the host (Fig. ...

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Immunology and Infection

An Introduction to Parasitic Wasps of Drosophila and the Antiparasite Immune Response

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Macrophages are key phagocytic innate immune cells.  When macrophages encounter a pathogen, they produce antimicrobial proteins and compounds to kill the ...

The Utilization of Oropharyngeal Intratracheal PAMP Administration and Bronchoalveolar Lavage to Evaluate the Host Immune Response in Mice

口咽部气管内PAMP管理和支气管肺泡灌洗的利用率来评估小鼠宿主的免疫反应

The host immune response to pathogens is a complex biological process. The majority of in vivo studies classically employed to characterize host-pathogen ...

In Vitro Analysis of Myd88-mediated Cellular Immune Response to West Nile Virus Mutant Strain Infection

In Vitro Analysis of Myd88-mediated Cellular Immune Response to West Nile Virus Mutant Strain Infection

在 MyD88的介导的细胞免疫应答西尼罗河病毒变异株感染体外分析

An attenuated West Nile virus (WNV), a nonstructural (NS) 4B-P38G mutant, induced higher innate cytokine and T cell responses than the wild-type WNV in ...

Non-invasive Imaging of the Innate Immune Response in a Zebrafish Larval Model of Streptococcus iniae Infection

Non-invasive Imaging of the Innate Immune Response in a Zebrafish Larval Model of Streptococcus iniae Infection

先天免疫反应中的斑马鱼幼体型号无创成像<em&gt;链球菌iniae</em&gt;感染

The aquatic pathogen, Streptococcus iniae, is responsible for over 100 million dollars in annual losses for the aquaculture industry and is capable of ...

An In Vitro Model for Measuring Immune Responses to Malaria in the Context of HIV Co-infection

An In Vitro Model for Measuring Immune Responses to Malaria in the Context of HIV Co-infection

一个<em&gt;体外</em&gt;模型在HIV合并感染的背景下测量免疫应答疟疾

Malaria and HIV co-infection is a growing health priority. However, most research on malaria or HIV currently focuses on each infection individually. ...

Inoculating Anopheles gambiae Mosquitoes with Beads to Induce and Measure the Melanization Immune Response

Inoculating Anopheles gambiae Mosquitoes with Beads to Induce and Measure the Melanization Immune Response

接种<em&gt;冈比亚按蚊</em&gt;珠蚊子诱发和测量黑化免疫反应

The stimulation of immune responses is a common tool in invertebrate studies to examine the efficacy and the mechanisms of immunity. This stimulation is ...