Name: murine model of allergen induced asthma
Uploaded: 2012-05-14T12:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Murine Model of Allergen Induced Asthma at JoVE.com

この作品は、NIHグラントHL093196（RCR）とアトランタ研究·教育財団（AREF）によってサポートされていました。

I.アレルゲンの感作とチャレンジ（ 図1を参照） 気管内チャレンジA. <ol><li>初期作では、卵白アルブミン20μgの（; Sigma-Aldrich社、セントルイス、MO OVA）を0日目にして、再度7日目の雄または雌C57BL / 6またはBALB / cマウス（6-8週齢）腹腔内に注入する2水酸化アルミニウムのミリグラム（Sigma-Aldrich社）またはコントロールとして滅菌PBS 0.2ml中2mgの水酸化アルミニウ?...

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	<li>Braman, S. S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+global+burden+of+asthma.">The global burden of asthma.</a> Chest. 130, 4S-12S (2006).</li><li>Akinbami, L. J., Mooman, J. E., Liu, X. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Asthma+Prevalence,+Health+Care+Use,+and+Mortality:+2005-2009.">Asthma Prevalence, Health Care Use, and Mortality: 2005-2009.</a> National Health Statistics Reports. 32, 2005-2009 (2011).</li><li>Bates, J. H., Rincon, M., Irvin, C. G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Animal+models+of+asthma.">Animal models of asthma.</a> Am. J. Physiol. Lung. Cell. Mol. Physiol. 297, 401-410 (2009).</li><li>Drazen, J. M., Finn, P. W., De Sanctis, G. T. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Mouse+models+of+airway+responsiveness:+physiological+basis+of+observed+outcomes+and+analysis+of+selected+examples+using+these+outcome+indicators.">Mouse models of airway responsiveness: physiological basis of observed outcomes and analysis of selected examples using these outcome indicators.</a> Annu. Rev. Physiol. 61, 593-625 (1999).</li><li>Epstein, M. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Do+mouse+models+of+allergic+asthma+mimic+clinical+disease.">Do mouse models of allergic asthma mimic clinical disease.</a> Int. Arch. Allergy Immunol. 133, 84-100 (2004).</li><li>Blyth, D. I., Pedrick, M. S., Savage, T. J., Hessel, E. M., Fattah, D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Lung+inflammation+and+epithelial+changes+in+a+murine+model+of+atopic+asthma.">Lung inflammation and epithelial changes in a murine model of atopic asthma.</a> Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol. 14, 425-438 (1996).</li><li>Martin, T. R., Gerard, N. P., Galli, S. J., Drazen, J. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Pulmonary+responses+to+bronchoconstrictor+agonists+in+the+mouse.">Pulmonary responses to bronchoconstrictor agonists in the mouse.</a> J. Appl. Physiol. 64, 2318-2323 (1988).</li><li>Hamelmann, E. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Noninvasive+measurement+of+airway+responsiveness+in+allergic+mice+using+barometric+plethysmography.">Noninvasive measurement of airway responsiveness in allergic mice using barometric plethysmography.</a> Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 156, 766-775 (1997).</li><li>Gelfand, E. W. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Pro:+mice+are+a+good+model+of+human+airway+disease.">Pro: mice are a good model of human airway disease.</a> Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 166, 5-8 (2002).</li><li>Shapiro, S. D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Animal+models+of+asthma:+Pro:+Allergic+avoidance+of+animal+(model[s])+is+not+an+option.">Animal models of asthma: Pro: Allergic avoidance of animal (model[s]) is not an option.</a> Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 174, 1171-1173 (2006).</li><li>Zosky, G. R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Ovalbumin-sensitized+mice+are+good+models+for+airway+hyperresponsiveness+but+not+acute+physiological+responses+to+allergen+inhalation.">Ovalbumin-sensitized mice are good models for airway hyperresponsiveness but not acute physiological responses to allergen inhalation.</a> Clin. Exp. Allergy. 38, 829-838 (2008).</li><li>Nials, A. T., Uddin, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Mouse+models+of+allergic+asthma:+acute+and+chronic+allergen+challenge.">Mouse models of allergic asthma: acute and chronic allergen challenge.</a> Dis. Model. Mech. 1, 213-220 (2008).</li><li>Wenzel, S., Holgate, S. T. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+mouse+trap:+It+still+yields+few+answers+in+asthma.">The mouse trap: It still yields few answers in asthma.</a> Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 174, 1173-1178 (2006).</li><li>Rayamajhi, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Non-surgical+Intratracheal+Instillation+of+Mice+with+Analysis+of+Lungs+and+Lung+Draining+Lymph+Nodes+by+Flow+Cytometry.">Non-surgical Intratracheal Instillation of Mice with Analysis of Lungs and Lung Draining Lymph Nodes by Flow Cytometry.</a> J. Vis. Exp. (51), e2702 (2011).</li><li>Swedin, L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Comparison+of+aerosol+and+intranasal+challenge+in+a+mouse+model+of+allergic+airway+inflammation+and+hyperresponsiveness.">Comparison of aerosol and intranasal challenge in a mouse model of allergic airway inflammation and hyperresponsiveness.</a> Int. Arch. Allergy Immunol. 153, 249-258 (2010).</li><li>Gueders, M. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Mouse+models+of+asthma:+a+comparison+between+C57BL/6+and+BALB/c+strains+regarding+bronchial+responsiveness,+inflammation,+and+cytokine+production.">Mouse models of asthma: a comparison between C57BL/6 and BALB/c strains regarding bronchial responsiveness, inflammation, and cytokine production.</a> Inflamm. Res. 58, 845-854 (2009).</li><li>Zhu, W., Gilmour, M. I. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Comparison+of+allergic+lung+disease+in+three+mouse+strains+after+systemic+or+mucosal+sensitization+with+ovalbumin+antigen.">Comparison of allergic lung disease in three mouse strains after systemic or mucosal sensitization with ovalbumin antigen.</a> Immunogenetics. 61, 199-207 (2009).</li><li>Flandre, T. D., Leroy, P. L., Desmecht, D. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Effect+of+somatic+growth,+strain,+and+sex+on+double-chamber+plethysmographic+respiratory+function+values+in+healthy+mice.">Effect of somatic growth, strain, and sex on double-chamber plethysmographic respiratory function values in healthy mice.</a> J. Appl. Physiol. 94, 1129-1136 (2003).</li><li>Hoymann, H. G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Invasive+and+noninvasive+lung+function+measurements+in+rodents.">Invasive and noninvasive lung function measurements in rodents.</a> J. Pharmacol. Toxicol. Methods. 55, 16-26 (2007).</li><li>Chong, B. T., Agrawal, D. K., Romero, F. A., Townley, R. G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Measurement+of+bronchoconstriction+using+whole-body+plethysmograph:+comparison+of+freely+moving+versus+restrained+guinea+pigs.">Measurement of bronchoconstriction using whole-body plethysmograph: comparison of freely moving versus restrained guinea pigs.</a> J. Pharmacol. Toxicol. Methods. 39, 163-168 (1998).</li></ol>

アレルギー性​​気道疾患の動物モデルは、臨床的喘息に関連する研究のための重要なツールを提供しています。様々な種や抗原を用いて様々なモデルの数は、開発されている。マウス、魅力的で、頻繁に使用される実験動物はまた、アレルギー性気道疾患のモデルに対して多くの利点を提供しています。9,10このようなモデルが再現することが特に困難である慢性疾患の側面とあら?...

<table border="1"><tbody><tr><td> 材料名 </td><td> 会社 </td><td> カタログ番号 </td><td> コメント </td></tr><tr><td>オボアルブミン</td><td> Sigma-Aldrich社 セントルイス、ミズーリ</td><td> A5503 </td><td></td></tr><tr><td>水酸化アルミニウム</td><td> Sigma-Aldrich社</td><td> 239186 </td><td></td></tr><tr><td>アセチル-β-methylcholine塩化</td><td> Sigma-Aldrich社</td><td> A2251 </td><td></td></tr><tr><td>ペントバルビタールナトリウム塩</td><td> Sigma-Aldrich社</td><td> P3761 </td><td></td></tr><tr><td>全身プレチスモグラフィー （WBP）システム</td><td> Buxco研究システム ウィルミントン、ノースカロライナ州</td><td></td><td> <a href="http://www.buxco.com" target="_blank">http://www.buxco.com</a> </td></tr><tr><td> FlexiVent </td><td>SCIREQ株式会社 モントリオール、カナダ</td><td></td><td> <a href="http://www.scireq.com" target="_blank">http://www.scireq.com</a> </td></tr><tr><td>光学顕微鏡</td><td>ライカマイクロシステムズ株式会社 バッファローグローブ、イリノイ州</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>サイトスピン4 </td><td>サーモフィッシャーサイエンティフィック アッシュビル、ノースカロライナ州</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>をDiff-Quick染色</td><td>ジーメンス ニューアーク、デラウェア州</td><td> B4132-1A </td><td></td></tr><tr><td>反復的なピペット</td><td> Tridak トリントン、コネチカット州</td><td> STP4001-0025 </td><td></td></tr></tbody></table>

murine model of allergen induced asthma

喘息は世界中で約300万人に影響を与え、罹患率および死亡率の主要な原因である。米国の人口の1以上の8％が罹患率が増加すると、喘息を持っています。2を大幅に促進する他の疾患、アレルギー性気道疾患の動物モデルと同様に基本的な病態の理解は、潜在的な治療標的を特定するのに役立ち、可能な新しい治療法の前臨床試験を許可します。アレルギー性気道疾患のモデルは、いくつかの動物種で開発されたが、マウスモデルは、低コスト、準備ができて可用性、およびこれらの動物のよく特徴付けられた免疫システムに起因する、特に魅力的である。トランスジェニック系統の様々な3の可用性がさらに魅力を増加されましたここではこれらのモデルの4我々は、アレルギー性気道疾患の2マウスモデル、抗原として用いた卵白アルブミンの両方を説明します。腹腔内注射による初期作、一つのモデル配送は以下の噴霧による抗原チャレンジ、気管内送達による他はERS。これらの2つのモデルは、それぞれが人間の喘息の主要な機能を模倣して、相補的な利点を提供します。5 と好酸球豊富な気道の炎症、急性喘息の主要な機能は、メタコリン（AHR気道過敏性）などの刺激に対する誇張された気道の応答が含まれています。また、これらは私たちのマウスモデルにおけるアレルゲンチャレンジの顕著な効果、5,6であり、私たちはそれらを測定し、従って、実験操作の効果を評価するための手法について説明します。具体的には、気道過敏性を測定するだけでなく、気道や肺に炎症細胞の浸潤を評価するためのメソッドの両方7侵襲的および非侵襲的な8のテクニックを説明します。肺組織病理学は、臓器全体に炎症のマーカーを評価するために使用されている間に気道の炎症性細胞は、気管支肺胞洗浄によって収集されます。これらの技術は人間では不可能な方法で喘息を研究するための強力なツールを提供しています。

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Murine Model of Allergen Induced Asthma at JoVE.com

Murine Model of Allergen Induced Asthma

アレルギー性​​喘息の実験モデルマウスは、疾患の病因を研究し、新しい治療法を開発するための新たな可能性を提供します。これらのモデルはよくアレルギー性​​免疫応答、気道炎症、肺病態生理を支配する因子を測定するのに適しています。

アレルゲン誘発性喘息のマウスモデル

Asthma is a major cause of morbidity and mortality, affecting some 300 million people throughout the world.1 More than 8% of the US population has asthma, ...

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Pharmacology

Immunology and Infection

Unit 1

Lower Respiratory Disorders

SCIENTISTS IN ACTION

Murine Model of CD40-activation of B cells

Research on B cells has shown that CD40 activation improves their antigen presentation capacity. When stimulated with interleukin-4 and CD40 ligand (CD40L), human B cells can be expanded without difficulties from small amounts of peripheral blood within 14 days to very large amounts of highly-pure CD40-B cells (&gt;109 cells per patient) from healthy donors as well as cancer patients1-4. CD40-B cells express important lymph node homing molecules and can attract T cells in vitro5. Furthermore they efficiently take up, process and present antigens to T cells6,7. CD40-B cells were shown to not only prime na&iacute;ve, but also expand memory T cells8,9. Therefore CD40-activated B cells (CD40-B cells) have been studied as an alternative source of immuno-stimulatory antigen-presenting cells (APC) for cell-based immunotherapy1,5,10. In order to further study whether CD40-B cells induce effective T cell responses in vivo and to study the underlying mechanism we established a cell culture system for the generation of murine CD40-activated B cells. Using splenocytes or purified B cells from C57BL/6 mice for CD40-activation, optimal conditions were identified as follows: Starting from splenocytes of C57BL/6 mice (haplotype H-2b) lymphocytes are purified by density gradient centrifugation and co-cultured with HeLa cells expressing recombinant murine CD40 ligand (tmuCD40L HeLa)11. Cells are recultured every 3-4 days and key components such as CD40L, interleukin-4, -Mercaptoethanol and cyclosporin A are replenished. In this protocol we demonstrate how to obtain fully activated murine CD40-B cells (mCD40B) with similar APC-phenotype to human CD40-B cells (Fig 1a,b). CD40-stimulation leads to a rapid outgrowth and expansion of highly pure (&gt;90%) CD19+ B cells within 14 days of cell culture (Fig 1c,d). To avoid contamination with non-transfected cells, expression of the murine CD40 ligand on the transfectants has to be controlled regularly (Fig 2). Murine CD40-activated B cells can be used to study B-cell activation and differentiation as well as to investigate their potential to function as APC in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, they represent a promising tool for establishing therapeutic or preventive vaccination against tumors and will help to answer questions regarding safety and immunogenicity of this approach12.

In this video, we demonstrate the procedure of CD40-activation and expansion of murine B cells from splenocytes of C57BL/6 mice, which can be used as a model antigen-presenting cell (APC) to study induction of immunity.

B細胞のCD40 -活性化のモデルマウス

Research on B cells has shown that CD40 activation improves their antigen presentation capacity. When stimulated with interleukin-4 and CD40 ligand ...

免疫・感染学

Pseudomonas aeruginosa Induced Lung Injury Model

In order to study human acute lung injury and pneumonia, it is important to develop animal models to mimic various pathological features of this disease. Here we have developed a mouse lung injury model by intra-tracheal injection of bacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa or PA). Using this model, we were able to show lung inflammation at the early phase of injury. In addition, alveolar epithelial barrier leakiness was observed by analyzing bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL); and alveolar cell death was observed by Tunel assay using tissue prepared from injured lungs. At a later phase following injury, we observed cell proliferation required for the repair process. The injury was resolved 7 days from the initiation of P. aeruginosa injection. This model mimics the sequential course of lung inflammation, injury and repair during pneumonia. This clinically relevant animal model is suitable for studying pathology, mechanism of repair, following acute lung injury, and also can be used to test potential therapeutic agents for this disease.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa Induced Lung Injury Model

We have developed a mouse lung injury model by intra-tracheal injection of bacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa. This model mimics lung injury during pneumonia and is clinically relevant.

緑膿菌誘発肺傷害モデル

In order to study human acute lung injury and pneumonia, it is important to develop animal models to mimic various pathological features of this disease. ...

A Murine Model of Group B Streptococcus Vaginal Colonization

Streptococcus agalactiae (group B Streptococcus, GBS), is a Gram-positive, asymptomatic colonizer of the human gastrointestinal tract and vaginal tract of 10 - 30% of adults. In immune-compromised individuals, including neonates, pregnant women, and the elderly, GBS may switch to an invasive pathogen causing sepsis, arthritis, pneumonia, and meningitis. Because GBS is a leading bacterial pathogen of neonates, current prophylaxis is comprised of late gestation screening for GBS vaginal colonization and subsequent peripartum antibiotic treatment of GBS-positive mothers. Heavy GBS vaginal burden is a risk factor for both neonatal disease and colonization. Unfortunately, little is known about the host and bacterial factors that promote or permit GBS vaginal colonization. This protocol describes a technique for establishing persistent GBS vaginal colonization using a single &#946;-estradiol pre-treatment and daily sampling to determine bacterial load. It further details methods to administer additional therapies or reagents of interest and to collect vaginal lavage fluid and reproductive tract tissues. This mouse model will further the understanding of the GBS-host interaction within the vaginal environment, which will lead to potential therapeutic targets to control maternal vaginal colonization during pregnancy and to prevent transmission to the vulnerable newborn. It will also be of interest to increase our understanding of general bacterial-host interactions in the female vaginal tract.

A Murine Model of Group B Streptococcus Vaginal Colonization

The purpose of this protocol is to imitate human group B Streptococcus (GBS) vaginal colonization in a murine model. This method may be used to investigate host immune responses and bacterial factors contributing to GBS vaginal persistence, as well as to test therapeutic strategies.

グループBのマウスモデル<em&gt;連鎖球菌</em&gt;膣植民地化

Streptococcus agalactiae (group B Streptococcus, GBS), is a Gram-positive, asymptomatic colonizer of the human gastrointestinal tract and vaginal tract of ...

Flow Cytometric Analysis of Particle-bound Bet v 1 Allergen in PM10

Flow cytometry is a method widely used to quantify suspended solids such as cells or bacteria in a size range from 0.5 to several tens of micrometers in diameter. In addition to a characterization of forward and sideward scatter properties, it enables the use of fluorescent labeled markers like antibodies to detect respective structures. Using indirect antibody staining, flow cytometry is employed here to quantify birch pollen allergen (precisely Bet v 1)-loaded particles of 0.5 to 10 &#181;m in diameter in inhalable particulate matter (PM10, particle size &#8804;10 &#181;m in diameter). PM10 particles may act as carriers of adsorbed allergens possibly transporting them to the lower respiratory tract, where they could trigger allergic reactions.
So far the allergen content of PM10 has been studied by means of enzyme linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) and scanning electron microscopy. ELISA measures the dissolved and not the particle-bound allergen. Compared to scanning electron microscopy, which can visualize allergen-loaded particles, flow cytometry may additionally quantify them. As allergen content of ambient air can deviate from birch pollen count, allergic symptoms might perhaps correlate better with allergen exposure than with pollen count. In conjunction with clinical data, the presented method offers the opportunity to test in future experiments whether allergic reactions to birch pollen antigens are associated with the Bet v 1 allergen content of PM10 particles &#62;0.5 &#181;m.

Here, we present a protocol to quantify allergen-loaded particles by flow cytometry. Ambient particulate matter particles may act as carriers of adsorbed allergens. We show here that flow cytometry, a method widely used to characterize suspended solids &#62;0.5 &#181;m in diameter, can be used to measure these allergen-loaded particles.

PM10における粒子結合のBet V 1アレルゲンのフローサイトメトリー分析

Flow cytometry is a method widely used to quantify suspended solids such as cells or bacteria in a size range from 0.5 to several tens of micrometers in ...

Small RNA Transfection in Primary Human Th17 Cells by Next Generation Electroporation

CD4+ T cells can differentiate into several subsets of effector T helper cells depending on the surrounding cytokine milieu. Th17 cells can be generated from na&#239;ve CD4+ T cells in vitro by activating them in the presence of the polarizing cytokines IL-1&#946;, IL-6, IL-23, and TGF&#946;. Th17 cells orchestrate immunity against extracellular bacteria and fungi, but their aberrant activity has also been associated with several autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. Th17 cells are identified by the chemokine receptor CCR6 and defined by their master transcription factor, ROR&#947;t, and characteristic effector cytokine, IL-17A. Optimized culture conditions for Th17 cell differentiation facilitate mechanistic studies of human T cell biology in a controlled environment. They also provide a setting for studying the importance of specific genes and gene expression programs through RNA interference or the introduction of microRNA (miRNA) mimics or inhibitors. This protocol provides an easy to use, reproducible, and highly efficient method for transient transfection of differentiating primary human Th17 cells with small RNAs using a next generation electroporation device.

Next generation electroporation is an efficient method for transfecting human Th17 cells with small RNAs to alter gene expression and cell behavior.

次世代エレクトロポレーションによって初代ヒトTh17細胞の小さなRNAのトランスフェクション

CD4+ T cells can differentiate into several subsets of effector T helper cells depending on the surrounding cytokine milieu. Th17 cells can be generated ...

Noninvasive Sampling of Mucosal Lining Fluid for the Quantification of In Vivo Upper Airway Immune-mediator Levels

This protocol describes noninvasive sampling of undisturbed upper airway mucosal lining fluid. It also details the extraction procedure used prior to the analysis of immune mediators in fluid eluates for the study of the airway topical immune signature, without the need for stimulation procedures (often used by other techniques). The mucosal lining fluid is sampled on a strip of filter paper placed at the anterior part of the inferior turbinate and left for 2 min of absorption. Analytes are eluted from the filter papers, and the extracted protein-based eluates are analyzed by an electrochemiluminescence-based immunoassay, allowing for the high-sensitivity quantification of low- and high-level analytes in the same sample. We measured the in vivo levels of 20 preselected immune mediators related to specific immune signaling pathways in the upper airway mucosa, but the technique is not limited to that specific panel or sampling site. The technique was first implemented in 7-year-old children from the Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood2000 (COPSAC2000) cohort with allergic rhinitis. It was thereafter used in the longitudinal COPSAC2010 birth cohort, sampled at 1 month, 2 years, and 6 years of age and at instances of acute respiratory symptoms. We successfully obtained and analyzed samples from 620 (89%) of 700 1-month-old children; a few samples were below the assay detection limit (reported as the median (Inter-Quartile Range (IQR)). The number of samples below the detection limit (i.e.&#160;from 0 to the set point for the lower limit of detection) for each mediator was 29 (7.25 - 119.5). This technique enables the quantification of the in vivo airway mucosal immune profile from birth, can be applied longitudinally, and can be applied to studies on the effect of genetics and early-life environmental exposures, pathophysiology, endotyping, and monitoring of respiratory diseases, and development and evaluation of novel therapeutics.

Noninvasive Sampling of Mucosal Lining Fluid for the Quantification of In Vivo Upper Airway Immune-mediator Levels

This protocol describes a noninvasive technique for the sampling of undisturbed mucosal lining fluid from the upper airways. It can be used to perform the quantification of in vivo levels of protein mediators, such as cytokines and chemokines, in subjects of all ages.

体内上部気道免疫メディエーター レベルの定量化のための粘膜内層流体の非侵襲的サンプリング

This protocol describes noninvasive sampling of undisturbed upper airway mucosal lining fluid. It also details the extraction procedure used prior to the ...

Analysis of Shear Flow-induced Migration of Murine Marginal Zone B Cells In Vitro

Marginal zone B cells (MZBs) are a population of B cells that reside in the mouse splenic marginal zones that envelop follicles. To reach the follicles, MZBs must migrate up the shear force of blood flow. We present here a method for analyzing this flow-induced MZB migration in vitro. First, MZBs are isolated from the mouse spleen. Second, MZBs are settled on integrin ligands in flow chamber slides, exposed to shear flow, and imaged under a microscope while migrating. Third, images of the migrating MZBs are processed using the MTrack2 automatic cell tracking plugin for ImageJ, and the resulting cell tracks are quantified using the Ibidi chemotaxis tool. The migration data reveal how fast the cells move, how often they change direction, whether the shear flow vector affects their migration direction, and which integrin ligands are involved. Although we use MZBs, the method can easily be adapted for analyzing migration of any leukocyte that responds to the force of shear flow.

Marginal zone B cells (MZBs) respond to the force of shear flow by re-orienting their migration path up the flow. This protocol shows how to record and analyze the migration using a fluidics unit, pump, microscope imaging system, and free software.

生体外でマウス縁帯 B 細胞のせん断流動誘起移行の解析

Marginal zone B cells (MZBs) are a population of B cells that reside in the mouse splenic marginal zones that envelop follicles. To reach the follicles, ...

A Murine Model of Dengue Virus-induced Acute Viral Encephalitis-like Disease

Dengue virus (DENV), an arthropod-borne virus transmitted by mosquitoes, may cause the severe disease known as dengue hemorrhagic fever, which is characterized by lethal complications due to plasma leakage, ascites, pleural effusion, respiratory distress, severe bleeding, and organ impairment. A few cases of DENV infection present neurological manifestations; however, studies have not explored DENV-induced neuropathogenesis further. In this study, we present a protocol to use an immunocompetent outbred ICR (Institute of Cancer Research) mouse for investigating the induction of central nervous system (CNS) infection with DENV, followed by the progression of acute viral encephalitis-like disease.

Here, we present a protocol for creating an immunocompetent ICR (Institute of Cancer Research) murine model of central nervous system infection to display the development of neuropathy. Monitoring acute viral encephalitic disorders by identical disease scores could be performed for showing dengue virus-induced neuropathy in vivo.

デングウイルス誘発急性ウイルス脳炎様疾患のマウスモデル

Dengue virus (DENV), an arthropod-borne virus transmitted by mosquitoes, may cause the severe disease known as dengue hemorrhagic fever, which is ...

Robust Ligature-Induced Model of Murine Periodontitis for the Evaluation of Oral Neutrophils

The main advantages of studying the pathophysiology of periodontal disease utilizing murine models are the reduced cost of animals, array of genetically modified strains, the vast number of analyses that can be performed on harvested soft and hard tissues. However, many of these systems are subject to procedural criticisms. As an alternative, the ligature-induced model of periodontal disease, driven by the localized development and retention of a dysbiotic oral microbiome, can be employed, which is rapidly induced and relatively reliable. Unfortunately, the variants of ligature-induced murine periodontitis protocol are isolated to focal regions of the periodontium and subject to premature avulsion of the installed ligature. This minimizes the amount of tissue available for subsequent analyses and increases the number of animals required for study. This protocol describes the precise manipulations required to place extended molar ligatures with improved retention and usage of a novel rinse technique to recover oral neutrophils in mice with an alternative approach that mitigates the aforementioned technical challenges.

This article presents a protocol for establishing a ligature-induced model of murine periodontitis involving multiple maxillary molars, resulting in larger areas of the involved gingival tissue and bone for subsequent analysis as well as reduced animal usage. A technique to assess oral neutrophils in a manner analogous to human subjects is also described.

口腔好中球評価のためのマウス歯肉炎の堅牢な合字誘発モデル

The main advantages of studying the pathophysiology of periodontal disease utilizing murine models are the reduced cost of animals, array of genetically ...

Systematic Scoring Analysis for Intestinal Inflammation in a Murine Dextran Sodium Sulfate-Induced Colitis Model

Murine colitis models are tools that are extensively employed in studies focused on understanding the pathobiology of inflammatory intestinal disorders. However, robust standards for objective and reproducible quantification of disease severity remain to be defined. Most colitis analysis methods rely on limited histological scoring of small segments of intestine, leading to partial or biased analyses. Here, we combine high-resolution image acquisition and longitudinal analysis of the entire colon to quantify intestinal injury and ulceration in the dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) induced model of murine colitis. This protocol allows for the generation of objective and reproducible results without extensive user training. Here, we provide comprehensive details on sample preparation and image analysis using examples of data from DSS induced colitis. This method can be easily adapted to other models of murine colitis that have significant inflammation associated with mucosal injury. We demonstrate that the fraction of inflamed/injured and eroded/ulcerated mucosa relative to the complete length of the colon closely parallels clinical findings such as weight loss amid DSS-induced disease progression. This histological protocol provides a reliable time and cost-effective aid to standardize analyses of disease activity in an unbiased way in DSS colitis experiments.

Systematic scoring of intestinal inflammation using a free computer-assisted system is a powerful tool to quantitatively compare histopathological changes in colitis models characterized by the presence of ulcers and inflammatory changes. Histological colitis score evaluation strengthens clinical observations and facilitates data interpretation.

プリンデキストラン硫酸ナトリウムによる大腸炎モデルにおける腸内炎症の系統的採点解析

Murine colitis models are tools that are extensively employed in studies focused on understanding the pathobiology of inflammatory intestinal disorders. ...