Name: single cell measurement of dopamine release with simultaneous voltage-clamp and amperometry
Uploaded: 2012-11-21T12:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Single Cell Measurement of Dopamine Release with Simultaneous Voltage-clamp and Amperometry at JoVE.com

我们博士Sanika奇鲁瓦的严格审查本手稿。这项工作是由美国国立卫生研究院（DA026947，DA021471，NS071122）的支持。

1。设备和用品<ol><li>安装一个法拉第笼顶部的抗振动台（TMI），以减少背景噪音。 </li><li>的同时膜片钳安培的记录系统需要一个倒置显微镜具有优良的DIC的光学元件和长工作距离镜头。连接到汽车电池的显微镜灯塔。这个直流系统的光源，用于将进一步降低的电噪声。 </li><li>液压的微操纵（锡斯基尤）进一步降低噪音。在我们的配置中，我们使用的全细胞记录，用右手的机械手和左手为安培?...

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	<li>Michael, A. C., Ikeda, M., Justice, J. B. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Mechanisms+contributing+to+the+recovery+of+striatal+releasable+dopamine+following+MFB+stimulation.">Mechanisms contributing to the recovery of striatal releasable dopamine following MFB stimulation.</a> Brain Res. 421, 325-335 (1987).</li><li>Gonon, F. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Prolonged+and+extrasynaptic+excitatory+action+of+dopamine+mediated+by+D1+receptors+in+the+rat+striatum+in+vivo.">Prolonged and extrasynaptic excitatory action of dopamine mediated by D1 receptors in the rat striatum in vivo.</a> J. Neurosci. 17, 5972-5978 (1997).</li><li>Sulzer, D., Pothos, E. N. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Regulation+of+quantal+size+by+presynaptic+mechanisms.">Regulation of quantal size by presynaptic mechanisms.</a> Rev. Neurosci. 11, 159-212 (2000).</li><li>Napolitano, A., Cesura, A. M., Da Prada, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+role+of+monoamine+oxidase+and+catechol+O-methyltransferase+in+dopaminergic+neurotransmission.">The role of monoamine oxidase and catechol O-methyltransferase in dopaminergic neurotransmission.</a> J. Neural. Transm. Suppl. 45, 35-45 (1995).</li><li>Sulzer, D., Maidment, N. T., Rayport, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Amphetamine+and+other+weak+bases+act+to+promote+reverse+transport+of+dopamine+in+ventral+midbrain+neurons.">Amphetamine and other weak bases act to promote reverse transport of dopamine in ventral midbrain neurons.</a> J. Neurochem. 60, 527-535 (1993).</li><li>Salahpour, A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Increased+amphetamine-induced+hyperactivity+and+reward+in+mice+overexpressing+the+dopamine+transporter.">Increased amphetamine-induced hyperactivity and reward in mice overexpressing the dopamine transporter.</a> Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 105, 4405-4410 (2008).</li><li>Khoshbouei, H., Wang, H., Lechleiter, J. D., Javitch, J. A., Galli, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Amphetamine-induced+dopamine+efflux.+A+voltage-sensitive+and+intracellular+Na+-dependent+mechanism.">Amphetamine-induced dopamine efflux. A voltage-sensitive and intracellular Na+-dependent mechanism.</a> J. Biol. Chem. 278, 12070-12077 (2003).</li><li>Goodwin, J. S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Amphetamine+and+methamphetamine+differentially+affect+dopamine+transporters+in+vitro+and+in.">Amphetamine and methamphetamine differentially affect dopamine transporters in vitro and in.</a> , 284-2978 (2009).</li><li>Kahlig, K. M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Amphetamine+induces+dopamine+efflux+through+a+dopamine+transporter+channel.">Amphetamine induces dopamine efflux through a dopamine transporter channel.</a> Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 102, 3495-3500 (2005).</li><li>Swant, J., Chirwa, S., Stanwood, G., Khoshbouei, H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Methamphetamine+reduces+LTP+and+increases+baseline+synaptic+transmission+in+the+CA1+region+of+mouse+hippocampus.">Methamphetamine reduces LTP and increases baseline synaptic transmission in the CA1 region of mouse hippocampus.</a> PLoS One. 5, e11382 (2010).</li><li>Gnegy, M. E., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Intracellular+Ca2++regulates+amphetamine-induced+dopamine+efflux+and+currents+mediated+by+the+human+dopamine+transporter.">Intracellular Ca2+ regulates amphetamine-induced dopamine efflux and currents mediated by the human dopamine transporter.</a> Mol. Pharmacol. 66, 137-143 (2004).</li></ol>

同时电压钳位和​​安培法有以下好处。所有类型的细胞都可以访问的，并且可以被用于记录。录音完成后的细胞或神经元的鉴定是简单明了的。特别是，如果该信元被加入荧光标记的兴趣蛋白质的荧光标记的实验者可以很容易地选择目标细胞或神经元。的实验配置允许的药物制剂的均匀和受控的交付，通过修补程序移液管，或通过加入这些试剂的浴溶液10。在同时膜片钳安培的技术允许...

<table border="1"><tbody><tr><td></td><td></td><td></td><td> 设备 </td></tr><tr><td>抗振动表w /法拉第笼</td><td>技术制造公司</td><td> 63-500系列</td><td>我们使用模型63-543 </td></tr><tr><td>倒置显微镜尼康TE-2000。 </td><td>尼康</td><td>停产</td><td>现在Eclipse钛</td></tr><tr><td>两个低噪声放大器Axopatch 200B中</td><td> Molecular Devices公司</td><td></td><td> 800-635-5577 </td></tr><tr><td> 1-CV 203 BU探头</td><td> Molecular Devices公司</td><td></td><td> 800-635-5578 </td></tr><tr><td> 1-HL-U吸管架</td><td> Molecular Devices公司</td><td></td><td> 800-635-5579 </td></tr><tr><td> Digidata 1440A的A / D转换器</td><td> Molecular Devices公司</td><td></td><td> 800-635-5580 </td></tr><tr><td>两个的操控Siskyou，离开和右撇子</td><td>锡斯基尤</td><td> MX6600R MX6600L </td><td> 877-313-6418 </td></tr><tr><td>激光吸管拉马</td><td>萨特仪器</td><td> P-2000 </td><td> 888-883-0128 </td></tr><tr><td>低噪声的碳纤维安培电极</td><td> ProCFE </td><td></td><td> <a href="http://www.dagan.com" target="_blank">www.dagan.com</a> </td></tr><tr><td>低噪音石英移液管</td><td>萨特仪器</td><td> QF100-70-7.5 </td><td> 888-883-0128 </td></tr><tr><td> 12伏汽车电池</td><td></td><td></td><td>广泛使用</td></tr><tr><td>汽车电池充电器</td><td></td><td></td><td>广泛使用</td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td></td><td> 试剂 </td></tr><tr><td>氯化钠（NaCl） </td><td>西格玛</td><td> S7653 </td><td></td></tr><tr><td> HEPES </td><td>西格玛</td><td> H3375 </td><td></td></tr><tr><td>葡萄糖</td><td>西格玛</td><td> G7528 </td><td></td></tr><tr><td>硫酸镁（用MgSO 4） </td><td>西格玛</td><td> M2643 </td><td></td></tr><tr><td>磷酸二氢钾（KH 2 PO 4） </td><td>西格玛</td><td> P5655 </td><td></td></tr><tr><td>氯化钾（KCl） </td><td>西格玛</td><td> P9333 </td><td></td></tr><tr><td>氯化钙二水合物（CaCl 2的 •2H 2 0） </td><td>西格玛</td><td> 223506 </td><td></td></tr><tr><td>六水合氯化镁（MgCl 2的 •6H 2 0） </td><td>西格玛</td><td> M2670 </td><td></td></tr><tr><td> EGTA </td><td>西格玛</td><td> E0396 </td><td></td></tr></tbody></table>

single cell measurement of dopamine release with simultaneous voltage-clamp and amperometry

其释放到突触间隙，多巴胺后发挥其生物学特性，通过其前和突触后的目标1。的多巴胺信号被终止通过扩散2-3，胞外酶4，和膜转运5。位于周边的多巴胺神经元的突触间隙的多巴胺转运蛋白，清除释放的胺通过向内多巴胺通量（吸收）。多巴胺转运蛋白也可以在相反的方向，在这个过程被称为向外输送或流出的多巴胺5从内到外释放胺。 20余年前，苏尔寿等。报道，多巴胺转运可以工作在两种模式的活动：向前（吸收）和反向（流出）5。通过外排通过释放神经递质转运到细胞外空间移动大量的多巴胺，并已被证明发挥重要的调控作用，在细胞外多巴胺Ĥomeostasis 6。在这里，我们描述了如何同时膜片钳和安培法记录膜电位被控制以毫秒的时间分辨率时，通过外排机制，可用于测量释放多巴胺。对于这一点，使用Axopatch 200B中放大器（Molecular Devices公司，用一个低通贝塞尔滤波器组在1,000 Hz的全细胞电流记录），全细胞电流和氧化（电流）信号是同时测量的。对于记录的碳纤维电极的安培法连接到第二放大器（Axopatch 200B中），被置于相邻的质膜，并保持在700毫伏。可以被记录的全细胞和氧化的电流（安培），可以使用一个电压阶跃协议生成的电流 - 电压关系。不同于通常安培校准，需要转换为浓度，电流被直接报告，而不考虑的有效容积7。因此，所得到的数据代表一个下限多巴胺流出，因为有些发射机失去本体溶液。

组合膜片钳与安培法可以测量电压依赖性DAT介导的DA流出。 图2A示出有代表性的实验配置和记录DAT介导的DA流出当细胞内以及独特的膜电位，通过全细胞膜片移液器夹紧。使用这种技术，细胞表达YFP-DAT蛋白的电压钳位与全细胞膜片移液器而安培电极被放置到质膜（ 图2A）。整个电池用电极的填充用移液管溶液含有2mM DA。安培触摸质膜的电极被保持在700毫伏，大于DA的氧化?...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Single Cell Measurement of Dopamine Release with Simultaneous Voltage-clamp and Amperometry at JoVE.com

Single Cell Measurement of Dopamine Release with Simultaneous Voltage-clamp and Amperometry

电化学技术措施，通过检测自发多巴胺的氧化产生的氧化电流从一个单细胞多巴胺的释放。同时钳位电压和安培的方法揭示了整体的“活动”，这种活动对多巴胺的反向运输的多巴胺转运体的调节作用机理之间的关系。

单细胞的多巴胺释放，同时电压钳和电流分析法测量

After its release into the synaptic cleft, dopamine exerts its biological properties via its pre- and post-synaptic targets1. The dopamine signal is ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Neuroscience

Functional Mapping with Simultaneous MEG and EEG

同时脑磁图和脑电图的功能映射

We use magnetoencephalography (MEG) and electroencephalography (EEG) to locate and determine the temporal evolution in brain areas involved in the ...

科研

神经科学

Presynaptic Dopamine Dynamics in Striatal Brain Slices with Fast-scan Cyclic Voltammetry

突触前多巴胺纹状体脑片的快速扫描循环伏安动态

Extensive research has focused on the neurotransmitter dopamine because of its importance in the mechanism of action of drugs of abuse (e.g. cocaine and ...

Single-cell Profiling of Developing and Mature Retinal Neurons

视网膜神经细胞发育和成熟的单细胞的剖析

Highly specialized, but exceedingly small populations of cells play important roles in many tissues. The identification of cell-type specific markers and ...

Optical Recording of Suprathreshold Neural Activity with Single-cell and Single-spike Resolution

阈上的神经活动的单细胞和单穗的分辨率的光学的方法记录

Signaling of information in the vertebrate central nervous system is often carried by populations of neurons rather than individual neurons. Also ...

Simultaneous Electroencephalography, Real-time Measurement of Lactate Concentration and Optogenetic Manipulation of Neuronal Activity in the Rodent Cerebral Cortex

同时脑电图，实时测量的啮齿动物的大脑皮质中的神经元活动的乳酸浓度与Optogenetic的操作

Although the brain represents less than 5% of the body  by mass, it utilizes approximately one quarter of the glucose used by the body  at rest1. The ...

Deep Brain Stimulation with Simultaneous fMRI in Rodents

深部脑刺激与同步功能磁共振成像在鼠害

In order to visualize the global and downstream neuronal responses to deep brain stimulation (DBS) at various targets, we have developed a protocol for ...

Preparation of Neuronal Co-cultures with Single Cell Precision

神经元共培养与单细胞精度的制备

Microfluidic embodiments of the Campenot chamber have attracted great interest from the neuroscience community. These interconnected co-culture platforms ...

Simultaneous Detection of c-Fos Activation from Mesolimbic and Mesocortical Dopamine Reward Sites Following Naive Sugar and Fat Ingestion in Rats

从脑边缘和Mesocortical多巴胺奖赏网站继朴素的糖和脂肪摄入大鼠c-fos激活的同时检测

This study uses cellular c-fos activation to assess effects of novel ingestion of fat and sugar on brain dopamine (DA) pathways in rats. Intakes of sugars ...

Electrophysiological Method for Whole-cell Voltage Clamp Recordings from Drosophila Photoreceptors

Electrophysiological Method for Whole-cell Voltage Clamp Recordings from Drosophila Photoreceptors

全细胞电压钳记录的电生理方法<em&gt;果蝇</em&gt;光感受器

Whole-cell voltage clamp recordings from Drosophila melanogaster photoreceptors have revolutionized the field of invertebrate visual transduction, ...

Levator Auris Longus Preparation for Examination of Mammalian Neuromuscular Transmission Under Voltage Clamp Conditions

Levator Auris Longus Preparation for Examination of Mammalian Neuromuscular Transmission Under Voltage Clamp Conditions

提耳伸肌压钳条件下哺乳动物神经肌肉传输的检查准备

This protocol describes a technique to record synaptic transmission from the neuromuscular junction under current-clamp and voltage-clamp conditions. An ...