Name: examination of thymic positive and negative selection by flow cytometry
Uploaded: 2012-10-08T13:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Examination of Thymic Positive and Negative Selection by Flow Cytometry at JoVE.com

Авторы хотели бы поблагодарить Bing Zhang за техническую помощь. Эта работа финансировалась Канадский институт исследований в области здравоохранения (MOP-86595). TAB является следователь CIHR новые и AHFMR Scholar. QH поддерживается CIHR Канаде Высшее Стипендия - докторских и AIHS Полный рабочий день студенчества. SAN при поддержке королевы Елизаветы II Высшее стипендии. AYWS поддерживается NSERC последипломного Стипендия - докторантуры.

См. рисунок 1 для общей схемы экспериментальных протоколов. 1. Диссекция <ol><li> Место стерильной сито стали в 60 х 15 мм блюдо Петри. Одна единица необходима в образце ткани. </li><li> Добавить 5 мл сбалансированного солевого раствора Хэнкса (HBSS) к каждому блюду. Держите б...

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Immunol. 21, 139-176 (2003).</li><li>McCaughtry, T. M., Hogquist, K. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Central+tolerance:+what+have+we+learned+from+mice.">Central tolerance: what have we learned from mice.</a> Seminars in immunopathology. 30, 399-409 (2008).</li><li>Zhan, Y. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Without+peripheral+interference,+thymic+deletion+is+mediated+in+a+cohort+of+double-positive+cells+without+classical+activation.">Without peripheral interference, thymic deletion is mediated in a cohort of double-positive cells without classical activation.</a> Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 100, 1197-1202 (2003).</li><li>Brewer, J. A., Kanagawa, O., Sleckman, B. P., Muglia, L. 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J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Thymocytes+between+the+beta-selection+and+positive+selection+checkpoints+are+nonresponsive+to+IL-7+as+assessed+by+STAT-5+phosphorylation.">Thymocytes between the beta-selection and positive selection checkpoints are nonresponsive to IL-7 as assessed by STAT-5 phosphorylation.</a> J. Immunol. 172, 4235-4244 (2004).</li><li>Ueno, T. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=CCR7+signals+are+essential+for+cortex-medulla+migration+of+developing+thymocytes.">CCR7 signals are essential for cortex-medulla migration of developing thymocytes.</a> J. Exp. Med. 200, 493-505 (2004).</li><li>Saini, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Regulation+of+Zap70+expression+during+thymocyte+development+enables+temporal+separation+of+CD4+and+CD8+repertoire+selection+at+different+signaling+thresholds.">Regulation of Zap70 expression during thymocyte development enables temporal separation of CD4 and CD8 repertoire selection at different signaling thresholds.</a> Science signaling. 3, ra23 (2010).</li><li>Hu, Q., Sader, A., Parkman, J. C., Baldwin, T. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Bim-mediated+apoptosis+is+not+necessary+for+thymic+negative+selection+to+ubiquitous+self-antigens.">Bim-mediated apoptosis is not necessary for thymic negative selection to ubiquitous self-antigens.</a> J. Immunol. 183, 7761-7767 (2009).</li><li>Kisielow, P., Bluthmann, H., Staerz, U. D., Steinmetz, M., von Boehmer, H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Tolerance+in+T-cell-receptor+transgenic+mice+involves+deletion+of+nonmature+CD4+8++thymocytes.">Tolerance in T-cell-receptor transgenic mice involves deletion of nonmature CD4+8+ thymocytes.</a> Nature. 333, 742-746 (1988).</li><li>McCaughtry, T. M., Baldwin, T. A., Wilken, M. S., Hogquist, K. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Clonal+deletion+of+thymocytes+can+occur+in+the+cortex+with+no+involvement+of+the+medulla.">Clonal deletion of thymocytes can occur in the cortex with no involvement of the medulla.</a> J. Exp. Med. 205, 2575-2584 (2008).</li><li>Derbinski, J., Schulte, A., Kyewski, B., Klein, L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Promiscuous+gene+expression+in+medullary+thymic+epithelial+cells+mirrors+the+peripheral+self.">Promiscuous gene expression in medullary thymic epithelial cells mirrors the peripheral self.</a> Nat. Immunol. 2, 1032-1039 (2001).</li><li>Anderson, M. S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Projection+of+an+immunological+self+shadow+within+the+thymus+by+the+aire+protein.">Projection of an immunological self shadow within the thymus by the aire protein.</a> Science. 298, 1395-1401 (2002).</li><li>Kurts, C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Constitutive+class+I-restricted+exogenous+presentation+of+self+antigens+in+vivo.">Constitutive class I-restricted exogenous presentation of self antigens in vivo.</a> J. Exp. Med. 184, 923-930 (1996).</li><li>Nitta, T., Nitta, S., Lei, Y., Lipp, M., Takahama, Y. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=CCR7-mediated+migration+of+developing+thymocytes+to+the+medulla+is+essential+for+negative+selection+to+tissue-restricted+antigens.">CCR7-mediated migration of developing thymocytes to the medulla is essential for negative selection to tissue-restricted antigens.</a> Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 106, 17129-17133 (2009).</li><li>Bouneaud, C., Kourilsky, P., Bousso, P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Impact+of+negative+selection+on+the+T+cell+repertoire+reactive+to+a+self-peptide:+a+large+fraction+of+T+cell+clones+escapes+clonal+deletion.">Impact of negative selection on the T cell repertoire reactive to a self-peptide: a large fraction of T cell clones escapes clonal deletion.</a> Immunity. 13, 829-840 (2000).</li><li>Gallegos, A. M., Bevan, M. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Central+tolerance+to+tissue-specific+antigens+mediated+by+direct+and+indirect+antigen+presentation.">Central tolerance to tissue-specific antigens mediated by direct and indirect antigen presentation.</a> J. Exp. Med. 200, 1039-1049 (2004).</li><li>Moon, J. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Naive+CD4(+)+T+cell+frequency+varies+for+different+epitopes+and+predicts+repertoire+diversity+and+response+magnitude.">Naive CD4(+) T cell frequency varies for different epitopes and predicts repertoire diversity and response magnitude.</a> Immunity. 27, 203-213 (2007).</li><li>Bouillet, P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=BH3-only+Bcl-2+family+member+Bim+is+required+for+apoptosis+of+autoreactive+thymocytes.">BH3-only Bcl-2 family member Bim is required for apoptosis of autoreactive thymocytes.</a> Nature. 415, 922-926 (2002).</li><li>Suen, A. Y., Baldwin, T. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Proapoptotic+protein+Bim+is+differentially+required+during+thymic+clonal+deletion+to+ubiquitous+versus+tissue-restricted+antigens.">Proapoptotic protein Bim is differentially required during thymic clonal deletion to ubiquitous versus tissue-restricted antigens.</a> Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. , (2012).</li><li>Calnan, B. J., Szychowski, S., Chan, F. K., Cado, D., Winoto, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+role+for+the+orphan+steroid+receptor+Nur77+in+apoptosis+accompanying+antigen-induced+negative+selection.">A role for the orphan steroid receptor Nur77 in apoptosis accompanying antigen-induced negative selection.</a> Immunity. 3, 273-282 (1995).</li><li>Zhou, T. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Inhibition+of+Nur77/Nurr1+leads+to+inefficient+clonal+deletion+of+self-reactive+T+cells.">Inhibition of Nur77/Nurr1 leads to inefficient clonal deletion of self-reactive T cells.</a> J. Exp. Med. 183, 1879-1892 (1996).</li><li>Baldwin, T. A., Hogquist, K. 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Протокол, представленные здесь может быть использован для изучения положительного и отрицательного отбора в не-TCR трансгенных и TCR трансгенных мышей. Этот протокол описывает окрашивания поверхностных антигенов. Для дальнейшего анализа молекулярных механизмов, часто бывает необходим...

<table border="1"><tbody><tr><td> Название реагента </td><td> Компания </td><td> Номер в каталоге </td><td> Комментарии (по желанию) </td></tr><tr><td> Сбалансированный солевой HyClone Хэнка решение </td><td> Thermo Scientific </td><td> SH30030.02 </td><td></td></tr><tr><td> Экраны Металлическая сетка </td><td> Cedarlane </td><td> CX-0080-E-01 </td><td></td></tr><tr><td> Чашки Петри (60 х 15 мм) </td><td> Fisher Scientific </td><td> 877221 </td><td></td></tr><tr><td> Шприцы (3 мл) </td><td> BD Biosciences </td><td> 309657 </td><td></td></tr><tr><td> Конических труб (15 мл) </td><td> Sarstedt </td><td> 62.554.205 </td><td></td></tr><tr><td> Микроскоп </td><td> Zeiss - Primo Star </td><td> 415500-00xx-000 </td><td></td></tr><tr><td> Гемоцитометр </td><td> HausserНаучный </td><td> 3110 </td><td></td></tr><tr><td> 96-луночный планшет </td><td> Sarstedt </td><td> 82.1582.001 </td><td></td></tr><tr><td> Многоканальные пипетки </td><td> Fisherbrand </td><td> 21-377-829 </td><td></td></tr><tr><td> Эмбриональной телячьей сыворотки </td><td> PAA </td><td> A15-701 </td><td></td></tr><tr><td> Фосфатным буферным раствором </td><td> Fisher Scientific </td><td> SH3025802 </td><td></td></tr><tr><td> Азид натрия </td><td> IT Baker химической Co </td><td> V015-05 </td><td></td></tr><tr><td> FcR блокирующий реагент </td><td></td><td></td><td> Клон 2.4G2 </td></tr><tr><td> Anti-мышь HY TCR </td><td> eBioscience </td><td> XX-YY-9930 * </td><td> Клон T3.70 </td></tr><tr><td> Anti-мышь CD4 </td><td> eBioscience </td><td> XX-0042-год * </td><td> Клон RM4-5 </td></tr><tr><td>NTI-мышь CD8α </td><td> eBioscience </td><td> XX-0081-YY * </td><td> Клон 53-6.7 </td></tr><tr><td> Анти-CD24 мыши </td><td> eBioscience </td><td> XX-0242-YY * </td><td> Клон M1/69 </td></tr><tr><td> Anti-мышь TCRβ </td><td> eBioscience </td><td> XX-YY-5961 * </td><td> Клон H57-597 </td></tr><tr><td> Анти-CD69 мыши биотинилированного </td><td> eBioscience </td><td> 13-0691-YY * </td><td> Клон H1.2F3 </td></tr><tr><td> Anti-мышь CD5 биотинилированного </td><td> eBioscience </td><td> 13-0051-год * </td><td> Клон 53-7.3 </td></tr><tr><td> Стрептавидин </td><td> eBioscience </td><td> XX-4217-год * </td><td></td></tr><tr><td> Проточный цитометр </td><td> BD Biosciences - FACS песни </td><td> 338962 </td><td></td></tr><tr><td> FACS труб </td><td> BD Biosciences </td><td> 352052 </td><td></td></tr><tr><td> Проточной цитометрии анализа программного обеспечения </td><td> TreeStar - Flowjo </td><td> FlowJo v7 / 9 </td><td></td></tr><tr><td> HyClone RPMI - 1640, </td><td> Thermo Scientific </td><td> SH30027.01 </td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td></td><td> * XX варьируется в зависимости от флуорохромом и YY варьируется в зависимости от размера флакона. </td></tr></tbody></table>

examination of thymic positive and negative selection by flow cytometry

A healthy immune system requires that T cells respond to foreign antigens while remaining tolerant to self-antigens. Random rearrangement of the T cell receptor (TCR) &alpha; and &beta; loci generates a T cell repertoire with vast diversity in antigen specificity, both to self and foreign. Selection of the repertoire during development in the thymus is critical for generating safe and useful T cells. Defects in thymic selection contribute to the development of autoimmune and immunodeficiency disorders1-4. 
T cell progenitors enter the thymus as double negative (DN) thymocytes that do not express CD4 or CD8 co-receptors. Expression of the &alpha;&beta;TCR and both co-receptors occurs at the double positive (DP) stage. Interaction of the &alpha;&beta;TCR with self-peptide-MHC (pMHC) presented by thymic cells determines the fate of the DP thymocyte. High affinity interactions lead to negative selection and elimination of self-reactive thymocytes. Low affinity interactions result in positive selection and development of CD4 or CD8 single positive (SP) T cells capable of recognizing foreign antigens presented by self-MHC5.
Positive selection can be studied in mice with a polyclonal (wildtype) TCR repertoire by observing the generation of mature T cells. However, they are not ideal for the study of negative selection, which involves deletion of small antigen-specific populations. Many model systems have been used to study negative selection but vary in their ability to recapitulate physiological events6. For example, in vitro stimulation of thymocytes lacks the thymic environment that is intimately involved in selection, while administration of exogenous antigen can lead to non-specific deletion of thymocytes7-9. Currently, the best tools for studying in vivo negative selection are mice that express a transgenic TCR specific for endogenous self-antigen. However, many classical TCR transgenic models are characterized by premature expression of the transgenic TCR&alpha; chain at the DN stage, resulting in premature negative selection. Our lab has developed the HYcd4 model, in which the transgenic HY TCR&alpha; is conditionally expressed at the DP stage, allowing negative selection to occur during the DP to SP transition as occurs in wildtype mice10.
Here, we describe a flow cytometry-based protocol to examine thymic positive and negative selection in the HYcd4 mouse model. While negative selection in HYcd4 mice is highly physiological, these methods can also be applied to other TCR transgenic models. We will also present general strategies for analyzing positive selection in a polyclonal repertoire applicable to any genetically manipulated mice.

В физиологических TCR модели трансгенных мышей дикого типа и, положительный отбор начинается с DP яркий этап перед переходом в DP скучным этапом после встречи антигена. DP скучно тимоцитов затем ввести переходный CD4 + CD8 вот этапе, прежде чем стать CD4SP или CD8SP тим?...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Examination of Thymic Positive and Negative Selection by Flow Cytometry at JoVE.com

Examination of Thymic Positive and Negative Selection by Flow Cytometry

Мы представляем проточной цитометрии на основе метода для изучения Т-клеточного развития<em&gt; В естественных условиях</em&gt; С использованием генетически модифицированных мышей дикого типа или Т-клеточного рецептора трансгенных фоне.

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A healthy immune system requires that T cells respond to foreign  antigens while remaining tolerant to self-antigens. Random rearrangement of the  T cell ...

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Измерение Вложений и интернализации вируса гриппа в клетках А549 методом проточной цитометрии

Attachment to target cells followed by internalization are the very first steps of the life cycle of influenza A virus (IAV). We provide here a detailed ...

Phenotypic Characterization of Macrophages from Rat Kidney by Flow Cytometry

Фенотипическая Характеристика макрофаги почек крыс с помощью проточной цитометрии

There is increasing evidence suggesting the important role of inflammation and, subsequently, macrophages in the development and progression of renal ...

Fluorescence-activated Cell Sorting for Purification of Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells from the Mouse Bone Marrow

Флуоресценция активированных сортировки клеток для очистки плазмоцитов дендритных клеток из костного мозга мыши

Fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) is a technique to purify specific cell populations based on phenotypes detected by flow cytometry. This method ...

Isolation and In Vitro Culture of Murine and Human Alveolar Macrophages

Isolation and In Vitro Culture of Murine and Human Alveolar Macrophages

Изоляции и в пробирке культуры мышиных и человека альвеолярные макрофаги

Alveolar macrophages are terminally differentiated, lung-resident macrophages of prenatal origin. Alveolar macrophages are unique in their long life and ...

Characterization of Human Monocyte Subsets by Whole Blood Flow Cytometry Analysis

Характеристика человека Моноцит подмножеств по цельной крови Cytometry анализ потока

Monocytes are key contributors in various inflammatory disorders and alterations to these cells, including their subset proportions and functions, can ...