Name: monitoring plasmid replication in live mammalian cells over multiple generations by fluorescence microscopy
Uploaded: 2012-12-13T13:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Monitoring Plasmid Replication in Live Mammalian Cells over Multiple Generations by Fluorescence Microscopy at JoVE.com

Эта работа финансировалась за счет грантов от NIH и САУ, в том числе T32CA009135, CA133027, CA070723, и CA022443. Билл Sugden является Американского онкологического общества профессор-исследователь.

1. Инженерная клеток с видимой Плазмиды <ol><li> Используйте стандартные пищеварения ограничение или гомологичной рекомбинации методов ввести фрагмент ДНК, содержащий около 250 копий лактозы последовательности операторов (Laco) в плазмиду для визуализации. Наши плазмида BACmid около 170 т.п.н. и...

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	<li>Cesarman, E., Chang, Y., Moore, P. S., Said, J. W., Knowles, D. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Kaposi's+sarcoma-associated+herpesvirus-like+DNA+sequences+in+AIDS-related+body-cavity-based+lymphomas.">Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus-like DNA sequences in AIDS-related body-cavity-based lymphomas.</a> N. Engl. J. Med. 332, 1186-1191 (1995).</li><li>Chang, Y., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Identification+of+herpesvirus-like+DNA+sequences+in+AIDS-associated+Kaposi's+sarcoma.">Identification of herpesvirus-like DNA sequences in AIDS-associated Kaposi's sarcoma.</a> Science. 266, 1865-1869 (1994).</li><li>Knipe, D. M., Howley, P. M., Griffin, D. E., Lamb, R. A., Martin, M. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=.">.</a> Fields Virology 2 volume set. , (2006).</li><li>Adams, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Replication+of+latent+Epstein-Barr+virus+genomes+in+Raji+cells.">Replication of latent Epstein-Barr virus genomes in Raji cells.</a> J. Virol. 61, 1743-1746 (1987).</li><li>Humme, S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+EBV+nuclear+antigen+1+(EBNA1)+enhances+B+cell+immortalization+several+thousandfold.">The EBV nuclear antigen 1 (EBNA1) enhances B cell immortalization several thousandfold.</a> Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 100, 10989-10994 (1073).</li><li>Verma, S. C., Choudhuri, T., Robertson, E. S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+minimal+replicator+element+of+the+Kaposi's+sarcoma-associated+herpesvirus+terminal+repeat+supports+replication+in+a+semiconservative+and+cell-cycle-dependent+manner.">The minimal replicator element of the Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus terminal repeat supports replication in a semiconservative and cell-cycle-dependent manner.</a> J. Virol. 81, 3402-3413 (2007).</li><li>Yates, J. L., Guan, N. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Epstein-Barr+virus-derived+plasmids+replicate+only+once+per+cell+cycle+and+are+not+amplified+after+entry+into+cells.">Epstein-Barr virus-derived plasmids replicate only once per cell cycle and are not amplified after entry into cells.</a> J. Virol. 65, 483-488 (1991).</li><li>Ye, F. C., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Disruption+of+Kaposi's+sarcoma-associated+herpesvirus+latent+nuclear+antigen+leads+to+abortive+episome+persistence.">Disruption of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus latent nuclear antigen leads to abortive episome persistence.</a> J. Virol. 78, 11121-11129 (2004).</li><li>Robinett, C. C., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=In+vivo+localization+of+DNA+sequences+and+visualization+of+large-scale+chromatin+organization+using+lac+operator/repressor+recognition.">In vivo localization of DNA sequences and visualization of large-scale chromatin organization using lac operator/repressor recognition.</a> J. Cell Biol. 135, 1685-1700 (1996).</li><li>Nanbo, A., Sugden, A., Sugden, B. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+coupling+of+synthesis+and+partitioning+of+EBV's+plasmid+replicon+is+revealed+in+live+cells.">The coupling of synthesis and partitioning of EBV's plasmid replicon is revealed in live cells.</a> Embo. J. 26, 4252-4262 (2007).</li><li>Herndier, B. G., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Characterization+of+a+human+Kaposi's+sarcoma+cell+line+that+induces+angiogenic+tumors+in+animals.">Characterization of a human Kaposi's sarcoma cell line that induces angiogenic tumors in animals.</a> Aids. 8, 575-581 (1994).</li><li>Zhou, F. C., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Efficient+infection+by+a+recombinant+Kaposi's+sarcoma-associated+herpesvirus+cloned+in+a+bacterial+artificial+chromosome:+application+for+genetic+analysis.">Efficient infection by a recombinant Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus cloned in a bacterial artificial chromosome: application for genetic analysis.</a> J. Virol. 76, 6185-6196 (2002).</li><li>Shaner, N. C., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Improved+monomeric+red,+orange+and+yellow+fluorescent+proteins+derived+from+Discosoma+sp.+red+fluorescent+protein.">Improved monomeric red, orange and yellow fluorescent proteins derived from Discosoma sp. red fluorescent protein.</a> Nat. Biotechnol. 22, 1567-1572 (2004).</li><li>Pawley, J. B., Pawley, J. B. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Points,+pixels,+and+gray+levels:+digitizing+image+data.">Points, pixels, and gray levels: digitizing image data.</a> Handbook of Biological Confocal Microscopy. , 59-79 (2006).</li><li>Cannell, M. B., McMorland, A., Soeller, C., Pawley, J. B. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Image+enhancement+by+deconvolution.">Image enhancement by deconvolution.</a> Handbook of biological confocal microscopy. , 488-500 (2006).</li></ol>

Метод, описанный здесь, может использоваться следовать плазмид в живых клетках млекопитающих с течением времени, охватывающих несколько поколений. По ограничению воздействия возбуждающего света, мы использовали эти методы, чтобы следить клетки вновь разделились парами через 16-32 коло...

<table border="1"><tbody><tr><td> Название реагента </td><td> Компания </td><td> Номер в каталоге </td><td> Комментарии </td></tr><tr><td> DMEM </td><td> GIBCO </td><td> 11965 </td><td></td></tr><tr><td> OptiMEM </td><td> GIBCO </td><td> 31985 </td><td></td></tr><tr><td> Эмбриональной бычьей сывороткой </td><td> Hyclone </td><td> SH30910.03 </td><td></td></tr><tr><td> Пенициллин </td><td> Сигма </td><td> P3032 </td><td></td></tr><tr><td> Стрептомицина сульфат </td><td> Сигма </td><td> S9137 </td><td></td></tr><tr><td> Гигромицину </td><td> Calbiochem </td><td> 400050 </td><td> 400 мкг / мл для SLK, 300 мкг / мл для HeLa </td></tr><tr><td> Изопропиловый-BD-тиогалактозида (IPTG) </td><td> Roche </td><td> 10 724 815 001 </td><td> Конечная концентрация 200 мкг / мл </td></tr><tг&gt; <td> Липофектамина 2000 </td><td> Invitrogen </td><td> 11668-027 </td><td></td></tr><tr><td> HEPES </td><td> GIBCO </td><td> 15630 </td><td></td></tr><tr><td> Со стеклянным дном блюда </td><td> Маттек </td><td> P35G-1.5-10-C </td><td></td></tr><tr><td> CultFoil </td><td> Pecon </td><td> 000000-1116-08 </td><td></td></tr><tr><td> Axiovert 200M </td><td> Zeiss </td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td> Колибри </td><td> Zeiss </td><td> 423052-9500-000 </td><td></td></tr><tr><td> Нейтральный белый светодиод </td><td> Zeiss </td><td> 423052-9120-000 </td><td></td></tr><tr><td> Фильтр Cube 75 он </td><td> Zeiss </td><td> 489075-0000-000 </td><td></td></tr><tr><td> План-Apochromat 63x/1.4 цели </td><td> Zeiss </td><td> 440762-9904-000 </td><td></td></tr><tr><td> CascadeII: 1024 EMCCD камеры </td><td> Фотометрия </td><td> B10C892007 </td><td></td></tr><tr><td> Tempcontrol мини- </td><td> Zeiss / Pecon </td><td> 000000-1116-070 </td><td></td></tr><tr><td> Tempcontrol 37-2 цифровой </td><td> Zeiss / Pecon </td><td> 000000-1052-320 </td><td></td></tr><tr><td> CTI Контроллер 3700 цифровые </td><td> Zeiss / Pecon </td><td> 411856-9903 </td><td></td></tr><tr><td> Цель нагреватель </td><td> Zeiss / Pecon </td><td> 440760-0000-000 </td><td></td></tr><tr><td> Этап отопления вставки P </td><td> Zeiss / Pecon </td><td> 411861-9901-000 </td><td></td></tr><tr><td> Этап-топ инкубатор S </td><td> Zeiss / Pecon </td><td> 411860-9902-000 </td><td></td></tr><tr><td> Увлажнитель системы </td><td> Zeiss / Pecon </td><td> 000000-1116-065 </td><td></td></tr></tbody></table>

monitoring plasmid replication in live mammalian cells over multiple generations by fluorescence microscopy

Few naturally-occurring plasmids are maintained in mammalian cells. Among these are genomes of gamma-herpesviruses, including Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and Kaposi's Sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV), which cause multiple human malignancies 1-3. These two genomes are replicated in a licensed manner, each using a single viral protein and cellular replication machinery, and are passed to daughter cells during cell division despite their lacking traditional centromeres 4-8.
Much work has been done to characterize the replications of these plasmid genomes using methods such as Southern blotting and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). These methods are limited, though. Quantitative PCR and Southern blots provide information about the average number of plasmids per cell in a population of cells. FISH is a single-cell assay that reveals both the average number and the distribution of plasmids per cell in the population of cells but is static, allowing no information about the parent or progeny of the examined cell.
Here, we describe a method for visualizing plasmids in live cells. This method is based on the binding of a fluorescently tagged lactose repressor protein to multiple sites in the plasmid of interest 9. The DNA of interest is engineered to include approximately 250 tandem repeats of the lactose operator (LacO) sequence. LacO is specifically bound by the lactose repressor protein (LacI), which can be fused to a fluorescent protein. The fusion protein can either be expressed from the engineered plasmid or introduced by a retroviral vector. In this way, the DNA molecules are fluorescently tagged and therefore become visible via fluorescence microscopy. The fusion protein is blocked from binding the plasmid DNA by culturing cells in the presence of IPTG until the plasmids are ready to be viewed.
This system allows the plasmids to be monitored in living cells through several generations, revealing properties of their synthesis and partitioning to daughter cells. Ideal cells are adherent, easily transfected, and have large nuclei. This technique has been used to determine that 84% of EBV-derived plasmids are synthesized each generation and 88% of the newly synthesized plasmids partition faithfully to daughter cells in HeLa cells. Pairs of these EBV plasmids were seen to be tethered to or associated with sister chromatids after their synthesis in S-phase until they were seen to separate as the sister chromatids separated in Anaphase10. The method is currently being used to study replication of KSHV genomes in HeLa cells and SLK cells. HeLa cells are immortalized human epithelial cells, and SLK cells are immortalized human endothelial cells. Though SLK cells were originally derived from a KSHV lesion, neither the HeLa nor SLK cell line naturally harbors KSHV genomes11. In addition to studying viral replication, this visualization technique can be used to investigate the effects of the addition, removal, or mutation of various DNA sequence elements on synthesis, localization, and partitioning of other recombinant plasmid DNAs.

<html> Максимальная прогнозов интенсивности Z-стеки, приобретенных в результате представителем эксперимента представлены на рисунке 3. Типичные плазмиды сигналы присутствуют в 3-8 ломтика Z-Stack, в зависимости от того, представляют одну или кластеров плазмид. В случае EBV и KSHV получен...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Monitoring Plasmid Replication in Live Mammalian Cells over Multiple Generations by Fluorescence Microscopy at JoVE.com

Monitoring Plasmid Replication in Live Mammalian Cells over Multiple Generations by Fluorescence Microscopy

Метод наблюдения отдельных молекул ДНК в живых клетках описано. Метод основан на связывании флуоресцентно меченый белок-репрессор лак для сайтов связывания разработаны в ДНК интерес. Этот метод может быть адаптирован к следуют многие рекомбинантные ДНК в живых клетках с течением времени.

Мониторинг репликации плазмиды в клетках млекопитающих Онлайн над несколькими поколениями с помощью флуоресцентной микроскопии

Few naturally-occurring plasmids are maintained in mammalian cells.  Among these are genomes of gamma-herpesviruses, including Epstein-Barr virus  (EBV) ...

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