Name: in ovo expression of microrna in ventral chick midbrain
Uploaded: 2013-09-16T07:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about In ovo Expression of MicroRNA in Ventral Chick Midbrain at JoVE.com

Vi anerkender K. Mikic, der har bidraget til den indledende fase af denne film og M. Nicolescu for miR billedet. C. Huber blev støttet af et fællesskab af IZKF af Universtitätsklinikum Tübingen, A. Alwin Prem Anand af Fortune program Universtitätsklinikum Tübingen.

1.. Krav til In ovo Elektroporation <ol><li> Forberedelse af Vektorkonstruktionen: miR sense-og antisense-primere blev udformet efter instrukser fra Ambion, udglødet og ligeret i Apal / EcoRI fordøjet pSilencer U6.1 vektor. Efter vellykket transformation en af ​​de resulterende kloner blev dyrket og pSilencer plasmid blev isoleret ved basisk lysis metoden i en Quiagen midi forberedelse kit. </li><li> Elektroder: Elektroder kan købes eller nemt blive bygget 13.</su...

<ol>
	<li>Kutter, C., Svoboda, P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=miRNA,+siRNA,+piRNA:+Knowns+of+the+unknown.">miRNA, siRNA, piRNA: Knowns of the unknown.</a> RNA Biol. 5, 181-188 (2008).</li><li>Szell, M., Bata-Csorgo, Z., Kemeny, L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+enigmatic+world+of+mRNA-like+ncRNAs:+their+role+in+human+evolution+and+in+human+diseases.">The enigmatic world of mRNA-like ncRNAs: their role in human evolution and in human diseases.</a> Semin. Cancer Biol. 18, 141-148 (2008).</li><li>Li, X., Jin, P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Roles+of+small+regulatory+RNAs+in+determining+neuronal+identity.">Roles of small regulatory RNAs in determining neuronal identity.</a> Nature reviews. Neuroscience. 11, 329-338 (2010).</li><li>Riedmann, L. T., Schwentner, R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=miRNA,+siRNA,+piRNA+and+argonautes:+news+in+small+matters.">miRNA, siRNA, piRNA and argonautes: news in small matters.</a> RNA Biol. 7, 133-139 (2010).</li><li>Coolen, M., Bally-Cuif, L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=MicroRNAs+in+brain+development+and+physiology.">MicroRNAs in brain development and physiology.</a> Curr. Opin. Neurobiol. 19, 461-470 (2009).</li><li>Muramatsu, T., Mizutani, Y., Ohmori, Y., Okumura, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Comparison+of+three+nonviral+transfection+methods+for+foreign+gene+expression+in+early+chicken+embryos+in+ovo.">Comparison of three nonviral transfection methods for foreign gene expression in early chicken embryos in ovo.</a> Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 230, 376-380 (1997).</li><li>Itasaki, N., Bel-Vialar, S., Krumlauf, R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Shocking'+developments+in+chick+embryology:+electroporation+and+in+ovo+gene+expression.">Shocking' developments in chick embryology: electroporation and in ovo gene expression.</a> Nat. Cell Biol. 1, 203-207 (1999).</li><li>Momose, T., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Efficient+targeting+of+gene+expression+in+chick+embryos+by+microelectroporation.">Efficient targeting of gene expression in chick embryos by microelectroporation.</a> Dev. Growth Differ. 41, 335-344 (1999).</li><li>Nakamura, H., Watanabe, Y. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Misexpression+of+genes+in+brain+vesicles+by+in+ovo+electroporation.">Misexpression of genes in brain vesicles by in ovo electroporation.</a> Dev. Growth Differ. 42, 199-201 (2000).</li><li>Voiculescu, O., Papanayotou, C., Stern, C. D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Spatially+and+temporally+controlled+electroporation+of+early+chick+embryos.">Spatially and temporally controlled electroporation of early chick embryos.</a> Nat. Protoc. 3, 419-426 (2008).</li><li>Neumann, E., Schaefer-Ridder, M., Wang, Y., Gene Hofschneider, P. H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=transfer+into+mouse+lyoma+cells+by+electroporation+in+high+electric+fields.">transfer into mouse lyoma cells by electroporation in high electric fields.</a> The EMBO journal. 1, 841-845 (1982).</li><li>Potter, H., Weir, L., Leder, P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Enhancer-dependent+expression+of+human+kappa+immunoglobulin+genes+introduced+into+mouse+pre-B+lymphocytes+by+electroporation.">Enhancer-dependent expression of human kappa immunoglobulin genes introduced into mouse pre-B lymphocytes by electroporation.</a> Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 81, 7161-7165 (1984).</li><li>Krull, C. E. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+primer+on+using+in+ovo+electroporation+to+analyze+gene+function.">A primer on using in ovo electroporation to analyze gene function.</a> Dev. Dyn. 229, 433-439 (2004).</li><li>Canto-Soler, M. V., Adler, R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Optic+cup+and+lens+development+requires+Pax6+expression+in+the+early+optic+vesicle+during+a+narrow+time+window.">Optic cup and lens development requires Pax6 expression in the early optic vesicle during a narrow time window.</a> Developmental biology. , 294-2119 (2006).</li><li>Hamburger, V., Hamilton, H. L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+series+of+normal+stages+in+the+development+of+the+chick+embryo.+1951.">A series of normal stages in the development of the chick embryo. 1951.</a> Dev Dyn. 195, 231-272 (1992).</li><li>Muramatsu, T., Nakamura, A., Park, H. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=In+vivo+electroporation:+a+powerful+and+convenient+means+of+nonviral+gene+transfer+to+tissues+of+living+animals+(Review).">In vivo electroporation: a powerful and convenient means of nonviral gene transfer to tissues of living animals (Review).</a> Int J Mol Med. 1, 55-62 (1998).</li><li>Agoston, Z., Li, N., Haslinger, A., Wizenmann, A., Schulte, D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Genetic+and+physical+interaction+of+Meis2,+Pax3+and+Pax7+during+dorsal+midbrain+development.">Genetic and physical interaction of Meis2, Pax3 and Pax7 during dorsal midbrain development.</a> BMC Dev Biol. 12, 10 (2012).</li><li>De Pietri Tonelli, D., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Single-cell+detection+of+microRNAs+in+developing+vertebrate+embryos+after+acute+administration+of+a+dual-fluorescence+reporter/sensor+plasmid.">Single-cell detection of microRNAs in developing vertebrate embryos after acute administration of a dual-fluorescence reporter/sensor plasmid.</a> Biotechniques. 41, 727-732 (2006).</li></ol>

Denne video viser en effektiv metode til at transficere plasmid ind i de neuroepitelceller for specifikke områder af chick midthjernen. Rektangulære elektriske impulser med lav spænding kan indføre DNA i celler af chick neuralrøret in ovo 6,16. Imidlertid er nøjagtigheden af ​​DNA målretning ofte hindret af den brede elektriske felt, som stiger op gennem de relativt store elektroder (Φ = 0,5 mm). Vi forsøgte at løse dette problem ved hjælp af elektroder mindre i diameter følge retning...

Anerkendelsen af ​​små ikke-kodende RNA som ekstra spillere til genekspression lanceret en ny kompleksitet til genomisk programmering / genregulering. Forskellige arter af ikke-kodende RNA har funktionel betydning i neurale celler, herunder små ikke-kodende RNA 1-4. MicroRNA (MIR eller miRNA) for eksempel viser forskellige og skiftende udtryk profiler i udviklingslandene hjerner 5. Målrettet in ovo elektroporation af kyllingeembryoer giver en enestående mulighed for tidslige og rumlige kontrol af genekspression og lyddæmpning under udviklingen. Denne video viser de forskellige trin i at udføre ektopisk udtryk for Mirs i bestemte områder af chick midthjernen hjælp i ovo elektroporation 6-10. For at sikre en langvarig effekt af disse små ikke-kodende RNA i cellerne, blev DNA-sekvensen af ​​Mirs klonet i mono-eller bi-cistroniske vektorer. For i ovo elektroporation, miR indeholdende vektor injiceres i midthjernen neuralrøret ved at udsætte embryo efter at et lille vindue i æggeskallen. Til transfektion af specifikke områder af midthjernen lille plus (anode) og minus (katode) Platin elektroder placeres på bestemte positioner. For ventrale midthjernen transfektion, er anoden placeret under den venstre ventrale midthjernen og katoden over den højre halvdel af midthjernen, før påføring af en strøm. Åbningen i æggeskallen er lukket med tape og embryoner inkuberes i så længe som nødvendigt for enhver analyse. Denne metode blev oprindeligt beskrevet af Muramatsu et al. 6 og forbedret af Momose et al. 8 for specifikt område transfektion. <img src="/files/ftp_upload/50024/50024schematic1.jpg" fo:content-width-="6in" fo:src="/files/ftp_upload/50024/50024schematic1highres.jpg"/> Skematisk oversigt. <ol><li> Embryoet i ægget er eksponeret ved at skære et lille vindue i the æggeskal. </li><li> Det opløste vektor (er) injiceres i midthjernen under anvendelse af en mikrokapillarbøsninger. </li><li> To elektroder - placeret parallelt eller over og under embryo - generere et pulserende elektrisk felt. </li><li> Det elektriske felt tidsmæssigt skaber porer i cellemembranen, der letter indgang i cellen ved den negativt ladede DNA (eller RNA), tiltrækkes til anoden 11,12. </li></ol>

<table border="1">
<tbody>
 <tr>
 <td>Name </td>
 <td>Company</td>
 <td></td>
 <td>Model</td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>Borosillicate glass capillaries </td>
 <td>Hartenstein</td>
 <td></td>
 <td>Model: 0.9 mm</td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>Microcapillary puller</td>
 <td>WPI, Berlin</td>
 <td></td>
 <td>Model: Pul1-E</td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>Electroporator</td>
 <td>Intracel</td>
 <td></td>
 <td>Model: TSSIC</td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>Stereomicroscope - fluorescence </td>
 <td>LEICA</td>
 <td></td>
 <td>Model: MZFLIII</td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>Stereomicroscope</td>
 <td>Zeiss</td>
 <td></td>
 <td>Model: Stemi</td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>Camera and software</td>
 <td>Zeiss</td>
 <td></td>
 <td>Model: Axiocam MRc/ Axiovision Re. 4.8</td>
 </tr>
 </tbody>
</table>

in ovo expression of microrna in ventral chick midbrain

Ikke-kodende RNA er yderligere spillere i regulering af genekspression. Målrettet in ovo elektroporation specifikke områder giver et unikt værktøj til rumlige og tidsmæssige styring af ektopisk microRNA udtryk. Men er temmelig svært at nå for eventuelle manipulationer ventrale hjernens strukturer som ventrale midthjernen. Her viser vi en effektiv måde at elektroporere miRNA i ventrale midthjernen hjælp af tynde platinelektroder. Denne metode giver en pålidelig måde til at transficere bestemte områder af midthjernen og et nyttigt redskab til in vivo-undersøgelser.

Omfanget af midthjernen område transficeret med miR er synlig gennem ekspressionen af GFP fra en reportervektor injiceres sammen med miR udtrykker vektoren (figur 2). Brug af platinelektroder med en diameter på 0,5 mm, og placeres parallelt med AP akse midthjernen fører normalt til transfektion af et bredt område langs DV-og AP-aksen, herunder baghjerne, midthjernen og undertiden diencephalon (figur 2A og B). Størrelsen af ​​elektroderne resultater i en lang elektrisk felt anve...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about In ovo Expression of MicroRNA in Ventral Chick Midbrain at JoVE.com

In ovo Expression of MicroRNA in Ventral Chick Midbrain

Ektopisk udtryk er en teknik til at belyse microRNA rolle i hjernens udvikling. Men rettet mod specifikke områder ved hjælp af in ovo elektroporation er udfordrende. Her viser vi en effektiv måde til selektivt elektroporere ventrale og dorsale midthjernen regioner.

I ovo Angivelse af MicroRNA i Ventral Chick Midbrain

Non-coding RNAs are additional players in regulating gene expression. Targeted in ovo electroporation of specific areas provides a unique tool for spatial ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Neuroscience

In ovo Expression of MicroRNA in Ventral Chick Midbrain

Organotypic Slice Cultures of Embryonic Ventral Midbrain: A System to Study Dopaminergic Neuronal Development in vitro

Organotypic Slice Cultures of Embryonic Ventral Midbrain: A System to Study Dopaminergic Neuronal Development in vitro

Organotypiske Slice Kulturer af Embryonale ventrale midthjernen: et system til undersøgelse Dopaminerge Neuronal Udvikling In vitro</em

The  mouse is an excellent model organism to study mammalian brain development due  to the abundance of molecular and genetic data. However, the ...

High-resolution Live Imaging of Cell Behavior in the Developing Neuroepithelium

Høj opløsning Live-Imaging af celle adfærd i udviklingslandene neuroepitel

The embryonic spinal cord consists of cycling neural progenitor cells that give rise to a large percentage of the neuronal and glial cells of the central ...

In ovo Electroporation in Chick Midbrain for Studying Gene Function in Dopaminergic Neuron Development

In ovo Electroporation in Chick Midbrain for Studying Gene Function in Dopaminergic Neuron Development

I ovo Elektroporation i Chick midthjernen for at studere genfunktion i dopaminerg Neuron Development

Dopaminergic neurons located in the ventral midbrain control movement, emotional behavior, and reward mechanisms1-3. The dysfunction of ventral midbrain ...

Comprehensive Profiling of Dopamine Regulation in Substantia Nigra and Ventral Tegmental Area

Omfattende Profilering af Dopamin forordning i substantia nigra og ventrale tegmentale område

Dopamine is a vigorously studied neurotransmitter in the CNS. Indeed, its involvement in locomotor activity and reward-related behaviour has fostered five ...

Dual Electrophysiological Recordings of Synaptically-evoked Astroglial and Neuronal Responses in Acute Hippocampal Slices

Dobbelte Elektrofysiologiske Optagelser af synaptisk-evoked astrogliale og Neuronal respons i Akut hippocampusskiver

Astrocytes form together with neurons tripartite synapses, where they integrate and modulate neuronal activity. Indeed, astrocytes sense neuronal inputs ...

RNA-Seq Analysis of Differential Gene Expression in Electroporated Chick Embryonic Spinal Cord

RNA-Seq analyse af differentiel genekspression i elektroporerede Chick embryonale Spinal Cord

In ovo electroporation of the chick neural tube is a fast and inexpensive method for identification of gene function during neural development. Genome ...

Environmental Modulations of the Number of Midbrain Dopamine Neurons in Adult Mice

Miljømæssige Modulationer i antallet af Midbrain dopaminneuroner i voksne mus

Long-lasting changes in the brain or &#8216;brain plasticity&#8217; underlie adaptive behavior and brain repair following disease or injury. Furthermore, ...

Reliable Identification of Living Dopaminergic Neurons in Midbrain Cultures Using RNA Sequencing and TH-promoter-driven eGFP Expression

Pålidelig Identifikation af Living dopaminerge neuroner i midthjernen Cultures Brug RNA Sequencing og TH-promotor-drevet eGFP Expression

In Parkinson&#39;s Disease (PD) there is widespread neuronal loss throughout the brain with pronounced degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the SNc, ...

An In Ovo Model for Testing Insulin-mimetic Compounds

An In Ovo Model for Testing Insulin-mimetic Compounds

En i Ovo Model til test Insulin-mimetiske forbindelser

Elevated blood glucose levels in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), a complex and multifactorial metabolic disease, are caused by insulin resistance and ...

Combined In Vivo Anatomical and Functional Tracing of Ventral Tegmental Area Glutamate Terminals in the Hippocampus

Kombineret i Vivo Anatomisk og funktionel sporing af Ventral Tegmental Area Glutamat Terminaler i Hippocampus

Optogenetic modulation of neuron sub-populations in the brain has allowed researchers to dissect neural circuits in vivo and ex vivo. This provides a ...