Name: measurement of lifespan in drosophila melanogaster
Uploaded: 2013-01-07T13:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Measurement of Lifespan in Drosophila melanogaster at JoVE.com

이 작품은 엘리슨 의료 재단 (SDP에서 자금이 지원 된 <a href="http://www.ellisonfoundation.org/index.jsp" target="_blank">http://www.ellisonfoundation.org/index.jsp</a> ), NIH K01AG031917 (NJL, <a href="http://www.nih.gov" target="_blank">http://www.nih.gov/</a> ), NIH 5T32GM007315-35 (JR)와 NIH R01AG030593 (SDP). 이 작품은 P30-AG-013283 (노화의 국립 연구소에 의해 자금 지원을 노화의 생물학에 우수의 나단 충격 센터의 Drosophila 노화 코어 (DAC)의 자원을 활용 <a href="http://www.nih.gov" target="_blank">http://www.nih.gov/을</a> ). 저자는 원고의 중요한 읽기에 도움이 토론 및 특히 브라이언 정에 대한 Pletcher 연구소 감사드립니다. 우리는 데이터 수집과 지원을 닉 아셀과 캐서린 Borowicz을 인정하고 싶습니다.

우리는 4 ° C에서의 프로토콜에 나타납니다 실험 식품, 효모 붙여 넣기, 그리고 포도 한천 플레이트를 저장 및 금형과 건조는 애벌레의 성인 모두 표준 환경 조건 들어 설정하지 않은 한, 1~2개월 이내에를 사용하는 것이 좋습니다 12시 12분 시간 등 어두운주기와 60 % 상대 습도 25 ° C에서 보육에 파리의 유지를 포함 무대. 1. 실험 식품의 작성 <ol><li> 애벌레의 성장을위한, 우리...

<ol>
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여기에 제시된 프로토콜은 유전자, 약리, 환경 개입의 평가에 적용 할 수 있습니다 Drosophila에 성인 장수의 재현 측정을 생산하는 방법을 설명합니다. 프로토콜의 중요한 측면을주의 깊게, 애벌레의 개발 환경을 제어하는​​ 성인 스트레스를 최소화하고, 실험 그룹과 통제에서 바이어스를 최소화 등이 있습니다. 우리는 또한 dLife 수명 실험 관리 소프트웨어의 사용을 제시한다. 단순히 각 ?...

<table border="1"><tbody><tr><td> 시약의 이름 </td><td> 회사 </td><td> 카탈로그 번호 </td><td> 코멘트 (선택 사항) </td></tr><tr><td> 활성 건조 효모 </td><td> Fleishmann의 효모 </td><td> 2192 </td><td></td></tr><tr><td> 포도 한천 분말 Premix </td><td> Genesee 과학 </td><td> 47-102 </td><td></td></tr><tr><td> 대형 배아 컬렉션 연습장 </td><td> Genesee 과학 </td><td> 59-101 </td><td></td></tr><tr><td> 대형 교체 엔드 캡 </td><td> Genesee 과학 </td><td> 59-103 </td><td></td></tr><tr><td> 6온스 광장 바닥 병, 폴리 프로필렌 </td><td> Genesee 과학 </td><td> 32-130 </td><td></td></tr><tr><td> 주식 병에 대한 Flugs 클로저 </td><td> Genesee 과학 </td><td> 49-100 </td><td></td></tr><tr><td> Drosophila병 와이드, Polystrene </td><td> Genesee 과학 </td><td> 32-117 </td><td></td></tr><tr><td> 와이드 튜브에 대한 Flugs 클로저 </td><td> Genesee 과학 </td><td> 49-101 </td><td></td></tr><tr><td> 와이드 구멍 Aardvark의 Pipet 팁, 200 UL </td><td> Denville 과학 </td><td> P1105-CP </td><td></td></tr><tr><td> Flystuff Flypad, 표준 크기 </td><td> Genesee 과학 </td><td> 59-114 </td><td></td></tr><tr><td> BD 매 15 ML 원뿔형 원심 분리기 튜브 </td><td> 피셔 과학 </td><td> 14-959 - 70C </td><td></td></tr><tr><td> 지우기 뚜껑이있는 Fisherbrand 배양 접시는 리지를 모금, 100 OD X 15mm H; </td><td> 피셔 과학 </td><td> 08-757-12 </td><td></td></tr><tr><td> Kimax * Colorware 플라스크 1,000 ML 노란색 </td><td> 피셔 과학 </td><td> 10-200-47 </td><td></td></tr><tr><td> 10X PBS 산도 7.4 </td><td> 에vitrogen </td><td> 70011044 </td><td></td></tr><tr><td> Gelidium 한천 </td><td> Mooragar </td><td> N / A </td><td></td></tr><tr><td> 브루어의 효모 </td><td> MP의 Biomedicals </td><td> 0290331280 </td><td></td></tr><tr><td> 입자가 굵은 설탕 </td><td> Kroger </td><td> N / A </td><td></td></tr><tr><td> Tegosept </td><td> Genesee 과학 </td><td> 20-266 </td><td> 식품 방부제 플라이 </td></tr><tr><td> 프로피온산, 99% </td><td> Acros의 유기물 </td><td> 149300025 </td><td> 식품 방부제 플라이 </td></tr><tr><td> Kanamycin의 황산 </td><td> ISC BioExpress </td><td> 0408-​​10G </td><td></td></tr><tr><td> 테트라 사이클린 HCL </td><td> VWR </td><td> 80058-724 </td><td></td></tr></tbody></table>

measurement of lifespan in drosophila melanogaster

노화는 감소 물리적 성능을 이끌어가 검사를 마쳤있는 거의 모든 생물의 꾸준한 생리 저하의 결과, 질병의 위험을 증가하는 현상입니다. 개인 노화는 종종 나이에 일치하는 개인의 큰 무리에서 관찰 수명에 의해 실험실에서 측정 나이에 따라 사망에 증가로 인구 수준에서 명단입니다. 범위를 수량화을 추구 실험 간단한 모델 생물의 유전자 나 환경 조작 영향 수명은 수명을 연장하고 포유류 나이 관련 질병을 예방하기위한 taxa에서와 감동을 새로운 전략에 대한 보존 아르 노화의 측면을 이해하는 매우 성공적인하는 방법 . 식초 파리, Drosophila melanogaster는 자사의 상대적으로 짧은 수명, 편리한 축산 및 손쉬운 유전학에 의한 노화의 메커니즘을 연구하기위한 매력적인 모델 생물이다.그러나, 나이 별 생존과 사망 등의 노화의 인구 통계 학적 조치는, 실험 설계 및 환경에도 작은 변화에 매우 민감하며, 노화 실험 기간 동안 엄격한 실험실 관행의 유지 보수가 필요합니다. 함께 유전 배경의주의 통제를 연습 할 필요가있는이 고려, 강력한 측정을 생성하기위한 필수적입니다. 사실, 효모의 수명 실험, 웜, 파리, 환경이나 유전 유물 1-4으로 추적 된 생쥐에서 추론을 둘러싼 많은 중요한 논쟁이 있습니다. 이 프로토콜에서는, 우리는 실험실 유리 병을 사용하여 Drosophila의 장수를 측정 오랜 세월에 걸쳐 최적화 된 절차의 집합을 설명합니다. 우리는 또한 실험실에서 개발 및 다운로드 (사용할 수 있습니다되었습니다 dLife 소프트웨어의 사용을 설명 <a href="http://sitemaker.umich.edu/pletcherlab/software">http://sitemaker.umich.edu/ple</a>tcherlab / 소프트웨어). dLife는 처리량을 가속화하고 즉시 처리 및 데이터 수집을 단순화하고, 데이터 분석을 표준화, 통합 최적의 실험 설계에 의해 좋은 관행을 촉진합니다. 우리는 또한 설계, 수집 및 수명 데이터의 해석에 많은 잠재적 인 함정을 논의 할 것이다, 우리는 이러한 위험을 방지하기위한 조치를 제공합니다.

프로토콜의 단순화 된 구조는 주요 단계가 설명되어 그림 1에 표시됩니다. 프로토콜의 동기화 부분은 연령 일치 파리 성충을 필요로 다양한 assays에 사용하실 수 있습니다. 야생 형 파리의 전형적인 survivorship 곡선은 dLife 실험 관리 소프트웨어 (그림 2B, C)를 사용하여, 그림 2A에 표시됩니다. 성인 남성은 일반적으로 모두 인구가 25 ° C.에 1...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Measurement of Lifespan in Drosophila melanogaster at JoVE.com

Measurement of Lifespan in Drosophila melanogaster

Drosophila melanogaster는 장수 규제의 분자 기초를 탐험하기위한 강력한 모델 생물이다. 이 프로토콜은 재현, 장수뿐만 아니라 잠재적 인 함정의 인구 기반의 측정 방법과 그들을 피하기 위해를 생성하는 단계에 대해 설명합니다.

의 수명 측정<em&gt; Drosophila melanogaster</em

Aging is a phenomenon that results in steady physiological deterioration in nearly all organisms in which it has been examined, leading to reduced ...

measurement-of-lifespan-in-drosophila-melanogaster

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Biology

Measurement of Lifespan in Drosophila melanogaster

Dissection of Larval CNS in Drosophila Melanogaster

The central nervous system (CNS) of Drosophila larvae is complex and poorly understood.  One way to investigate the CNS is to use immunohistochemistry to examine the expression of various novel and marker proteins.  Staining of whole larvae is impractical because the tough cuticle prevents antibodies from penetrating inside the body cavity.  In order to stain these tissues it is necessary to dissect the animal prior to fixing and staining.  In this article we demonstrate how to dissect Drosophila larvae without damaging the CNS.  Begin by tearing the larva in half with a pair of fine forceps, and then turn the cuticle "inside-out" to expose the CNS.  If the dissection is performed carefully the CNS will remain attached to the cuticle.  We usually keep the CNS attached to the cuticle throughout the fixation and staining steps, and only completely remove the CNS from the cuticle just prior to mounting the samples on glass slides.  We also show some representative images of a larval CNS stained with Eve, a transcription factor expressed in a subset of neurons in the CNS.  The article concludes with a discussion of some of the practical uses of this technique and the potential difficulties that may arise.

In this article we demonstrate how to dissect the central nervous system from third instar Drosophila larvae.

Drosophila Melanogaster에서 애벌레 CNS의 해부

The central nervous system (CNS) of Drosophila larvae is complex and poorly understood.  One way to investigate the CNS is to use immunohistochemistry to ...

연구

생물학

High-Resolution Video Tracking of Locomotion in Adult Drosophila Melanogaster

Flies provide an important model for studying complex behavior due to the plethora of genetic tools available to researchers in this field. Studying locomotor behavior in Drosophila melanogaster relies on the ability to be able to quantify changes in motion during or in response to a given task. For this reason, a high-resolution video tracking system, such as the one we describe in this paper, is a valuable tool for measuring locomotion in real-time. Our protocol involves the use of an initial air pulse to break the flies momentum, followed by a thirty second filming period in a square chamber. A tracking program is then used to calculate the instantaneous speed of each fly within the chamber in 10 msec increments. Analysis software then compiles this data, and outputs a variety of parameters such as average speed, max speed, time spent in motion, acceleration, etc. This protocol will discuss proper feeding and management of flies for behavioral tasks, handling flies without anesthetization or immobilization, setting up a controlled environment, and running the assay from start to finish.

The study of complex locomotor behavior in Drosophila melanogaster is dependent upon the ability to quantify changes in a given fly's movement. This article demonstrates how to do this using a high-resolution tracking system.

성인 Drosophila Melanogaster의 로코의 고해상도 비디오 추적

Flies provide an important model for studying complex behavior due to the plethora of genetic tools available to researchers in this field.  Studying ...

Live Imaging Of Drosophila melanogaster Embryonic Hemocyte Migrations

Many studies address cell migration using in vitro methods, whereas the physiologically relevant environment is that of the organism itself. Here we present a protocol for the mounting of Drosophila melanogaster embryos and subsequent live imaging of fluorescently labeled hemocytes, the embryonic macrophages of this organism. Using the Gal4-uas system1 we drive the expression of a variety of genetically encoded, fluorescently tagged markers in hemocytes to follow their developmental dispersal throughout the embryo. Following collection of embryos at the desired stage of development, the outer chorion is removed and the embryos are then mounted in halocarbon oil between a hydrophobic, gas-permeable membrane and a glass coverslip for live imaging. In addition to gross migratory parameters such as speed and directionality, higher resolution imaging coupled with the use of fluorescent reporters of F-actin and microtubules can provide more detailed information concerning the dynamics of these cytoskeletal components.

Live Imaging Of Drosophila melanogaster Embryonic Hemocyte Migrations

Drosophila hemocytes disperse over the entirety of the developing embryo. This protocol demonstrates how to mount and image these migrations using embryos with fluorescently labelled hemocytes.

라이브 영상 Drosophila melanogaster 배아 Hemocyte 마이 그 레이션

Many studies address cell migration using in vitro methods, whereas the physiologically relevant environment is that of the organism itself. Here we ...

Dissection of Oenocytes from Adult Drosophila melanogaster

In Drosophila melanogaster, as in other insects, a waxy layer on the outer surface of the cuticle, composed primarily of hydrocarbon compounds, provides protection against desiccation and other environmental challenges. Several of these cuticular hydrocarbon (CHC) compounds also function as semiochemical signals, and as such mediate pheromonal communications between members of the same species, or in some instances between different species, and influence behavior. Specialized cells referred to as oenocytes are regarded as the primary site for CHC synthesis. However, relatively little is known regarding the involvement of the oenocytes in the regulation of the biosynthetic, transport, and deposition pathways contributing to CHC output. Given the significant role that CHCs play in several aspects of insect biology, including chemical communication, desiccation resistance, and immunity, it is important to gain a greater understanding of the molecular and genetic regulation of CHC production within these specialized cells. The adult oenocytes of D. melanogaster are located within the abdominal integument, and are metamerically arrayed in ribbon-like clusters radiating along the inner cuticular surface of each abdominal segment. In this video article we demonstrate a dissection technique used for the preparation of oenocytes from adult D. melanogaster. Specifically, we provide a detailed step-by-step demonstration of (1) how to fillet prepare an adult Drosophila abdomen, (2) how to identify the oenocytes and discern them from other tissues, and (3) how to remove intact oenocyte clusters from the abdominal integument. A brief experimental illustration of how this preparation can be used to examine the expression of genes involved in hydrocarbon synthesis is included. The dissected preparation demonstrated herein will allow for the detailed molecular and genetic analysis of oenocyte function in the adult fruit fly.

Dissection of Oenocytes from Adult Drosophila melanogaster

In insects, the oenocytes produce cuticular hydrocarbon compounds. These compounds protect against desiccation and facilitate chemical communication. Here we demonstrate a dissection technique used to isolate the oenocytes from adult Drosophila melanogaster, and illustrate how this preparation can be utilized to study genes involved in hydrocarbon synthesis.

성인에서 Oenocytes의 해부 Drosophila melanogaster</em

In Drosophila melanogaster, as in other insects, a waxy layer on the outer surface of the cuticle, composed primarily of hydrocarbon compounds, provides ...

Isolation of Drosophila melanogaster Testes

The testes of Drosophila melanogaster provide an important model for the study of stem cell maintenance and differentiation, meiosis, and soma-germline interactions. Testes are typically isolated from adult males 0-3 days after eclosion from the pupal case. The testes of wild-type flies are easily distinguished from other tissues because they are yellow, but the testes of white mutant flies, a common genetic background for laboratory experiments are similar in both shape and color to the fly gut. Performing dissection on a glass microscope slide with a black background makes identifying the testes considerably easier. Testes are removed from the flies using dissecting needles. Compared to protocols that use forceps for testes dissection, our method is far quicker, allowing a well-practiced individual to dissect testes from 200-300 wild-type flies per hour, yielding 400-600 testes. Testes from white flies or from mutants that reduce testes size are harder to dissect and typically yield 200-400 testes per hour.

Isolation of Drosophila melanogaster Testes

Drosophila melanogaster testes can be rapidly and efficiently isolated from adult males using dissecting needles. With practice, one can readily isolate in one or two days an amount of testes sufficient for the analysis of DNA or RNA by high throughput sequencing or more traditional molecular biology methods or of protein for antibody- or enzyme-based assays.

의 분리 Drosophila melanogaster Testes

The testes of Drosophila melanogaster provide an important model for the study of stem cell maintenance and differentiation, meiosis, and soma-germline ...

Imaging Through the Pupal Case of Drosophila melanogaster

The longstanding use of Drosophila as a model for cell and developmental biology has yielded an array of tools. Together, these techniques have enabled analysis of cell and developmental biology from a variety of methodological angles. Live imaging is an emerging method for observing dynamic cell processes, such as cell division or cell motility. Having isolated mutations in uncharacterized putative cell cycle proteins it became essential to observe mitosis in situ using live imaging. Most live imaging studies in Drosophila have focused on the embryonic stages that are accessible to manipulation and observation because of their small size and optical clarity. However, in these stages the cell cycle is unusual in that it lacks one or both of the gap phases. By contrast, cells of the pupal wing of Drosophila have a typical cell cycle and undergo a period of rapid mitosis spanning about 20 hr of pupal development. It is easy to identify and isolate pupae of the appropriate stage to catch mitosis in situ. Mounting intact pupae provided the best combination of tractability and durability during imaging, allowing experiments to run for several hours with minimal impact on cell and animal viability. The method allows observation of features as small as, or smaller than, fly chromosomes. Adjustment of microscope settings and the details of mounting, allowed extension of the preparation to visualize membrane dynamics of adjacent cells and fluorescently labeled proteins such as tubulin. This method works for all tested fluorescent proteins and can capture submicron scale features over a variety of time scales. While limited to the outer 20 &#181;m of the pupa with a conventional confocal microscope, this approach to observing protein and cellular dynamics in pupal tissues in vivo may be generally useful in the study of cell and developmental biology in these tissues.

Imaging Through the Pupal Case of Drosophila melanogaster

This paper demonstrates the use of a fast scanning confocal microscope to image cell behavior directly through the puparium. By leaving the pupal case intact, this method allows observation and measurement of dynamic cell processes at a stage of Drosophila development that is difficult to study directly.

의 번데기 케이스를 통해서 영상<em&gt; 초파리</em

The longstanding use of Drosophila as a model for cell and developmental biology has yielded an array of tools. Together, these techniques have enabled ...

Measurement of Metabolic Rate in Drosophila using Respirometry

Metabolic disorders are a frequent problem affecting human health. Therefore, understanding the mechanisms that regulate metabolism is a crucial scientific task. Many disease causing genes in humans have a fly homologue, making Drosophila a good model to study signaling pathways involved in the development of different disorders. Additionally, the tractability of Drosophila simplifies genetic screens to aid in identifying novel therapeutic targets that may regulate metabolism. In order to perform such a screen a simple and fast method to identify changes in the metabolic state of flies is necessary. In general, carbon dioxide production is a good indicator of substrate oxidation and energy expenditure providing information about metabolic state. In this protocol we introduce a simple method to measure CO2 output from flies. This technique can potentially aid in the identification of genetic perturbations affecting metabolic rate.

Measurement of Metabolic Rate in Drosophila using Respirometry

Metabolic disorders are among one of the most common diseases in humans. The genetically tractable model organism D. melanogaster can be used to identify novel genes that regulate metabolism. This paper describes a relatively simple method which allows studying the metabolic rate in flies by measuring their CO2 production.

대사율의 측정에<em&gt; 초파리</em&gt; Respirometry를 사용하여

Metabolic disorders are a frequent problem affecting human health. Therefore, understanding the mechanisms that regulate metabolism is a crucial ...

Enhanced Northern Blot Detection of Small RNA Species in Drosophila Melanogaster

The last decades have witnessed the explosion of scientific interest around gene expression control mechanisms at the RNA level. This branch of molecular biology has been greatly fueled by the discovery of noncoding RNAs as major players in post-transcriptional regulation. Such a revolutionary perspective has been accompanied and triggered by the development of powerful technologies for profiling short RNAs expression, both at the high-throughput level (genome-wide identification) or as single-candidate analysis (steady state accumulation of specific species). Although several state-of-art strategies are currently available for dosing or visualizing such fleeing molecules, Northern Blot assay remains the eligible approach in molecular biology for immediate and accurate evaluation of RNA expression. It represents a first step toward the application of more sophisticated, costly technologies and, in many cases, remains a preferential method to easily gain insights into RNA biology. Here we overview an efficient protocol (Enhanced Northern Blot) for detecting weakly expressed microRNAs (or other small regulatory RNA species) from Drosophila melanogaster whole embryos, manually dissected larval/adult tissues or in vitro cultured cells. A very limited amount of RNA is required and the use of material from flow cytometry-isolated cells can be also envisaged.

Enhanced Northern Blot Detection of Small RNA Species in Drosophila Melanogaster

The aim of this publication is to visualize and discuss the operative steps of an Enhanced Northern Blot protocol on RNA extracted from Drosophila melanogaster embryos, cells, and tissues. This protocol is particularly useful for the efficient detection of small RNA species.

작은 RNA 종의 북부 오 탐지의 향상된<em&gt; 초파리 Melanogaster</em

The last decades have witnessed the explosion of scientific interest around gene expression control mechanisms at the RNA level. This branch of molecular ...

Maintenance of a Drosophila melanogaster Population Cage

Large quantities of DNA, RNA, proteins and other cellular components are often required for biochemistry and molecular biology experiments. The short life cycle of Drosophila enables collection of large quantities of material from embryos, larvae, pupae and adult flies, in a synchronized way, at a low economic cost. A major strategy for propagating large numbers of flies is the use of a fly population cage. This useful and common tool in the Drososphila community is an efficient way to regularly produce milligrams to tens of grams of embryos, depending on uniformity of developmental stage desired. While a population cage can be time consuming to set up, maintaining a cage over months takes much less time and enables rapid collection of biological material in a short period. This paper describes a detailed and flexible protocol for the maintenance of a Drosophila melanogaster population cage, starting with 1.5 g of harvested material from the previous cycle.

Maintenance of a Drosophila melanogaster Population Cage

This manuscript reports a detailed protocol for culturing, on a regular basis, a population of Drosophila melanogaster using a fly population cage.

(A)의 유지 보수<em&gt; 노랑 초파리</em&gt; 인구 케이지

Large quantities of DNA, RNA, proteins and other cellular components are often required for biochemistry and molecular biology experiments. The short life ...

Measurement of Carbon Dioxide Production from Radiolabeled Substrates in Drosophila melanogaster

The power of Drosophila genetics is increasingly being applied to questions of hormone signaling and metabolism and to the development of models of human disease in this organism. Sensitive methods for measurements of parameters such as metabolic rates are needed to drive the understanding of physiology and disease in small animals such as the fruit fly. The method described here assesses fuel oxidation in small numbers of adult flies fed food containing trace amounts of 14C-labeled substrates such as glucose or fatty acid. After the feeding period and any additional experimental manipulations, flies are transferred to short tubes capped with mesh, which are then placed in glass vials containing KOH-saturated filter paper that traps exhaled, radiolabeled CO2 generated from oxidation of radiolabeled substrates as potassium bicarbonate, KHCO3. This radiolabeled bicarbonate is measured by scintillation counting. This is a quantitative, reproducible, and simple approach for the study of fuel oxidation. The use of radiolabeled glucose, fatty acids, or amino acids allows determination of the contribution of these different fuel sources to energy metabolism under different conditions such as feeding and fasting and in different genetic backgrounds. This complements other approaches used to measure in vivo energy metabolism and should further the understanding of metabolic regulation.

Measurement of Carbon Dioxide Production from Radiolabeled Substrates in Drosophila melanogaster

This paper describes a method for the measurement of fuel oxidation in Drosophila melanogaster in which trace amounts of specific radiolabeled metabolic substrates are fed to flies. The exhaled radiolabeled CO2 that is a produced from fuel oxidation is collected and measured.

방사성 표지 된 기판에서 이산화탄소 생산에서의 측정<em&gt; 노랑 초파리</em

The power of Drosophila genetics is increasingly being applied to questions of hormone signaling and metabolism and to the development of models of human ...