Name: fabrication of nano-engineered transparent conducting oxides by pulsed laser deposition
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Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Fabrication of Nano-engineered Transparent Conducting Oxides by Pulsed Laser Deposition at JoVE.com

1. Forberedelse af underlaget <ol><li> Skær 1 cm x 1 cm siliciumsubstrater fra en Si wafer, Silicium er godt for SEM karakterisering (planbillede og tværsnit). </li><li> Skær 1 cm x 1 cm glas (soda-kalk, 1 mm tyk), glas er optimalt for optisk og elektrisk karakterisering. </li><li> Hvis kontakterne er nødvendige på glassubstrater, kan Au kontakter inddampet i vakuum ved anvendelse af en maske. Depositum 10 nm af Cr som et mellemlag til at forbedre vedhæftning af Au, depositum 50 nm af Au. </li><li> Skåret 1 cm ...

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Plasmaet plume form er tæt relateret til ablationsprocessen, især i nærvær af en gas, overvåge plasma røgfane ved visuel inspektion er vigtigt at kontrollere aflejringen. Ved deponering af en metaloxid ved ablatere en oxid mål, er ilt nødvendig for at understøtte ilt tab i ablationsprocessen. Ved lavere oxygen baggrund gastryk, kan det deponerede materiale har oxygenvakancer. Denne virkning reduceres ved forøgelse af gastrykket. At adskille støkiometri fra morfologi gasblandinger (dvs. Ar: O 2</...

Pulsed Laser Deposition (PLD) anvender laserablation af et fast mål, hvilket resulterer i dannelsen af et plasma af ablaterede arter, som aflejres på et substrat for at vokse en film (se figur 1) 1. Interaktion med en baggrund atmosfære (inerte eller reaktive) kan anvendes til at inducere homogen klynge kernedannelse i gasfasen (se figur 2) 2,3. Vores strategi for materiale syntese af PLD er baseret på tuning af materialeegenskaber i en bottom-up-tilgang ved omhyggelig styring plasma dynamik i PLD-processen. Klyngestørrelse, kinetisk energi og sammensætning kan varieres ved en passende indstilling af deposition parametre, som påvirker filmvækst og resultere i morfologiske og strukturelle ændringer 4,5. Ved at udnytte det her beskrevne fremgangsmåde vi demonstreret, for en række oxider (f.eks WO 3, Ag 4 O 4, Al 2 O 3 and TiO 2), i stand til at tune morfologi, densitet, porøsitet, grad af strukturel rækkefølge, støkiometri og fase ved at modificere materialestruktur i nanoskala 6-11. Dette tillader udformning af materialer til specifikke anvendelser 12-16. Med henvisning til fotovoltaiske applikationer, syntetiseret vi nanostrukturerede TiO 2 hierarkisk organiseret af samling nanopartikler (&lt;10 nm) i en nano-og mesostructure, der ligner en »skov af træer &#39;13 viser interessante resultater, når de anvendes som photoanodes i farvestof sensibiliserede solceller (DSSC ) 17. Baseret på disse tidligere resultater beskriver vi protokollen for aflejring af Al-doterede ZnO (AZO) film som en transparent ledende oxid. Transparent ledende oxider (TCOs) er høj bandgap (&gt; 3 eV) materialer omdannes til ledere af tunge doping, viser resistivitet &lt;10 -3 ohm-cm og mere end 80% optisk transmittance i det synlige område. De er et nøgleelement i mange applikationer såsom touch-skærme og solceller 18-21 og de ​​er typisk vokset med forskellige teknikker, såsom forstøvning, pulserende laser deposition, kemisk dampudfældning, spray pyrolyse og med opløsning-baserede kemiske metoder. Blandt TCOs, har indium-tin-oxid (ITO) været udbredt undersøgt for dets lav resistivitet, men lider af den ulempe af de høje omkostninger og lav tilgængelighed af indium. Forskningen er nu på vej mod indium-frie systemer såsom F-doped SnO 2 (FTO), Al-doped ZnO (AZO) og F-doteret ZnO (FZO). Elektroder, der kan levere en intelligent styring af det indfaldende lys (lys trapping) er særligt interessant for fotovoltaiske applikationer. For at udnytte muligheden for at sprede synligt lys lederbanestrukturer og morfologier moduleret på en skala svarende til lysets bølgelængde (fx 300-1000 nm), en god kontrol medfilm morfologi og på klynge samling arkitekturer er nødvendig. I særdeleshed beskriver vi, hvordan at tune morfologi og struktur AZO film. Kompakt AZO deponeret ved lavt tryk (2 Pa oxygen) og ved stuetemperatur er kendetegnet ved lav resistivitet (4,5 x 10 -4 ohm cm) og synligt lys transparens (&gt; 90%), der konkurrerer med AZO deponeret ved høje temperaturer, mens AZO hierarkiske strukturer opnås ved polering på O 2 tryk på over 100 Pa Disse strukturer viser en stærk lysspredning kapacitet med uklarhed faktor op til 80% og mere 22,23.

<table border="1"><tbody><tr><td> Navn på reagens / Material </td><td> Firma </td><td> Catalog Number </td></tr><tr><td> Pulsed Laser </td><td> Continuum-Quantronix </td><td> Powerlite 8010 </td></tr><tr><td> Power meter </td><td> Sammenhængende </td><td> FieldMaxII-TO </td></tr><tr><td> Ion Gun </td><td> Mantis Dep </td><td> RFMax60 </td></tr><tr><td> Mass strømningsregulator </td><td> MKS </td><td> 2179 ° </td></tr><tr><td> Kvartskrystalmikrovægt </td><td> Infcon </td><td> XTC / 2 </td></tr><tr><td> Baggrund gas </td><td> Rivoira-Praxair </td><td> 5,0 ilt </td></tr><tr><td> Target </td><td> Kurt Lesker </td><td> (Lavet på forespørgsel) </td></tr><tr><td> Isopropanol </td><td> Sigma Aldrich </td><td> 190764-2L </td></tr><tr><td> Kilde meter </td><td> Keithley </td><td> K2400 </td></tr><tr><td> Magnet Kit </td><td> Ecopia </td><td> 0.55T-Kit </td></tr><tr><td> Spektrofotometer </td><td> PerkinElmer </td><td> Lambda 1050 </td></tr></tbody></table>

fabrication of nano-engineered transparent conducting oxides by pulsed laser deposition

Nanosekund Pulsed Laser Deposition (PLD) i nærvær af en baggrund gas muliggør aflejring af metaloxider med afstemmelig morfologi, struktur, densitet og støkiometrien af ​​en hensigtsmæssig kontrol af plasma røgfane ekspansion dynamik. En sådan alsidighed kan udnyttes til at producere nanostrukturerede film fra kompakt og tæt til nanoporøse kendetegnet ved en hierarkisk samling af nano-størrelse klynger. I særdeleshed beskriver vi detaljeret metode til at fremstille to typer af Al-dopede ZnO (AZO) film som gennemsigtige elektroder i solcelle-enheder: 1) ved lavt O 2 tryk, kompakte film med elektrisk ledningsevne og optisk transparens tæt på state of the art ledende gennemsigtige oxider (TCO) kan deponeres ved stuetemperatur, for at være forenelig med termisk følsomme materialer såsom polymerer, der anvendes i organisk fotovoltaik (OPVs), 2) højt lysspredning hierarkiske strukturer ligner en skov af nano-træer er produced ved højere tryk. Sådanne strukturer udviser høj Haze faktor (&gt; 80%) og kan udnyttes til at gøre lyset trapping kapacitet. Fremgangsmåden her beskrevet for AZO film kan anvendes på andre metaloxider er relevante for teknologiske anvendelser, såsom TiO2, Al 2 O 3, WO 3 og Ag 4 O 4.

Afsætningen af AZO ved PLD i oxygenatmosfære producerer kompakte ledende gennemsigtige film ved lav baggrund gastrykket (dvs. 2 Pa) og mesoporøse skov-lignende strukturer udgøres af hierarkisk samlede klynger på høje tryk (dvs. 160 Pa). Materialet udgøres af nanokrystallinske områder, hvis størrelse er højst (30 nm) ved 2 Pa 22. På grund af kollisioner mellem ablaterede arter og baggrunden gas, formen og længden af ​​plasma røgfane varierer betyd...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Fabrication of Nano-engineered Transparent Conducting Oxides by Pulsed Laser Deposition at JoVE.com

Fabrication of Nano-engineered Transparent Conducting Oxides by Pulsed Laser Deposition

Vi beskriver den eksperimentelle metode til at deponere nanostrukturerede tynde film med nanosekund Pulsed Laser Deposition (PLD) i nærvær af en baggrund gas. Ved at anvende denne metode Al-dopede ZnO (AZO) film, fra kompakt til hierarkisk opbygget som nano-tree skove kan deponeres.

Fremstilling af Nano-manipuleret ledende gennemsigtige Oxider af Impuls Laser Deposition

Nanosecond Pulsed  Laser Deposition (PLD) in the presence of a background gas allows the deposition  of metal oxides with tunable morphology, structure, ...

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