Name: fabrication of carbon nanotube high-frequency nanoelectronic biosensor for sensing in high ionic strength solutions
Uploaded: 2013-07-22T12:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Fabrication of Carbon Nanotube High-Frequency Nanoelectronic Biosensor for Sensing in High Ionic Strength Solutions at JoVE.com

Vi takker Prof. Paul McEuen ved Cornell University for tidlig diskussion. Arbejdet er støttet af opstartsfonden give af University of Michigan og National Science Foundation Scalable nanofabrikation Program (DMR-1.120.187). Dette arbejde brugte Lurie nanofabrikation faciliteten på University of Michigan, et medlem af det nationale Nanotechnology Infrastructure Network finansieret af National Science Foundation.

1.. Katalysator Patterning for SWNT vækst <ol><li> Begynd med en silicium wafer med et lavt tryk kemisk dampudfældning (CVD) dyrket 500 nm Si 3 N 4/500 nm SiO 2 film på toppen. </li><li> Spin pels et lag af fotoresist (PR) ved 500 rpm i 5 sek og derefter 4.000 rpm i 40 sek. </li><li> Bag skiven ved 115 ° C i 90 sek. </li><li> Brug en fotomaske med rektangulære huller til katalysatorer (figur 1) og udsætte skiven i UV (365 nm) bestråling på 300 mJ / cm 2</s...

<ol>
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Væksten af ​​kulstof nanorør afhænger ikke kun af ovne betingelser, men også substrat renlighed. Den optimale gasstrømmen, temperatur og tryk for vækst har omhyggeligt kalibreret og når fast at de er mere eller mindre stabilt. Selv med disse betingelser er opfyldt, fandt vi, at vækst afhænger af det mønstrede katalysator-området, mængden af ​​katalysator og substrat renlighed. Derfor har vi indarbejdet flere katalysator pit størrelser at tage højde for variation i vækst. En times høj temperatur a...

Når en ladet molekyle binder til en SWNT eller NW elektronisk sensor, kan det enten donere / acceptere elektroner eller fungere som en lokal elektrostatisk gate. I begge tilfælde kan det bundne molekyle ændre ladningstætheden i SWNT eller NW kanal, der fører til en ændring i den målte DC konduktans af sensoren. En lang række molekyler 15-20 succes er blevet opdaget ved at studere DC karakteristika Nanosensorerne under sådanne bindende begivenheder. Selvom charge-detektering baseret følemekanisme har mange fordele, herunder label-fri afsløring 21 femtosekund-molær følsomhed 22 og elektronisk udlæsning kapacitet 15, det er kun effektiv i lav ionstyrke løsninger. I høj ionstyrke løsninger, er DC-detektion hæmmes ved ionisk screening 6-8. En ladet overflade tiltrækker modioner fra den løsning, der danner et elektrisk dobbeltlag (EDS) nær overfladen. EDL effektivt skærmer disse afgifter. Da tHan ionstyrke i opløsningen stiger, EDL bliver smallere og screening stiger. Denne screening effekt er karakteriseret ved Debye screening længde λ D, <img alt="Ligning 1" fo:src="/files/ftp_upload/50438/50438eq1highres.jpg" src="/files/ftp_upload/50438/50438eq1.jpg" /> , Hvor ε er den dielektriske permittivitet af medierne, k B er Boltzmanns konstant, T er temperaturen, q er elektron ladning, og c er ionstyrken af elektrolytten opløsningen. For en typisk 100 mM pufferopløsning, er λ D omkring 1 nm og overfladen potentiale vil være helt screenet i en afstand af få nm. Som resultat betjene de fleste af nanoelektroniske sensorer baseret på SWNTs eller NWS enten i tør tilstand 20 eller i lav ionstyrke løsninger 5,15,17,21-22 (c ~ 1 nM- 10 mM), ellers prøven skal gennemgå udblødning trin 15,23. Point-of-care diagnostik nødt til at operere i fysiologisk relevante ionstyrker på patienten site med begrænset prøve forarbejdning kapacitet. Derfor formildende ionisk screening effekt er afgørende for udvikling og implementering af POC nanoelektroniske biosensorer. Vi afbøde den ioniske screening effekt ved drift SWNT baserede nanoelektroniske føler ved megahertz frekvensområde. Protokollen forudsat her detaljer fremstillingen af ​​en SWNT transistor baseret nanoelektroniske sensing platform og høj frekvens blanding måling for biomolekylær detektion. De single-walled carbon nanotubes dyrkes ved kemisk pådampning på substrater mønstrede med Fe katalysatorer 24.. For vores SWNT transistorer, indarbejde vi en suspenderet top-gate 25 placeret 500 nm over den nanorør, der hjælper med at forbedre højfrekvent sensor respons og giver også mulighed for en kompakt MICRo-fluidic kammer at forsegle enheden. SWNT transistorer drives som højfrekvente blandere 9-11 for at overvinde baggrunden ioniske screening effekter. Ved høje frekvenser, gør de mobile ioner i opløsning ikke har tilstrækkelig tid til at danne EDL og de svingende biomolekylære dipoler kan stadig gate SWNT at generere en blanding strøm, som er vores sensing signal. Frekvensen blanding opstår på grund af de lineære IV egenskaber ved et nanorør FET. Vores afsløring teknik adskiller sig fra de konventionelle teknikker til beregning baseret detektion og impedansspektroskopi 26-27. For det første vi registrerer biomolekylære dipoler ved høj frekvens end de tilhørende afgifter. For det andet den høje transconductance af SWNT transistor giver en intern forstærkning for sensing signal. Dette overflødiggør behovet for ekstern forstærkning som i tilfælde af højfrekvente impedansmålinger. For nylig har andre grupper også taget biomolekylær detektion i høj baGGRUND koncentrationer 23,28. Men disse metoder er mere involveret, der kræver komplekse fremstilling eller omhyggelig kemiingeniør af receptor molekyler. Vores høje frekvens SWNT sensor har en enklere konstruktion og udnytter den iboende frekvens blanding egenskab af et nanorør transistor. Vi er i stand til at afbøde de ioniske screening effekter, og dermed lovende en ny biosensorer platform for real-time point-of-care afsløring, hvor biosensorer fungerer direkte i fysiologisk relevante betingelse er ønsket.

<table border="1">
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
			<td>REAGENTS</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
			<td>Reagents which were provided within Lurie Nanofabrication Facility (University of Michigan) are marked as LNF in the catalogue column. Chemicals which require protective equipment (gloves, safety goggles, face mask, apron) and/or fume hood are denoted with PPE in comments section.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Silicon wafers (P-type, &lt;100&gt;, 500-550 &mu;m thick)</td>
			<td>Silicon Valley Microelectronics</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>SPR 220 3.0</td>
			<td>Dow (Rohm and Haas)</td>
			<td>Megaposit SPR</td>
			<td>PPE</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>AZ 300MIF</td>
			<td>AZ Electronic Material Corporation</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
			<td>PPE</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Acetone</td>
			<td>J T Baker</td>
			<td>9005-05</td>
			<td>PPE</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Isopropanol (IPA)</td>
			<td>J T Baker</td>
			<td>9079-05</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Buffered Hydrofluoric Acid</td>
			<td>Transene</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
			<td>PPE</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>1-Pyrene Butanoic Acid, succinimidyl ester</td>
			<td>Molecular Probes</td>
			<td>P130</td>
			<td>PPE</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Biotin PEO Amine</td>
			<td>Thermo Scientific</td>
			<td>EZ- Link PEG2 Biotin, # 21346</td>
			<td>PPE</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Streptavidin</td>
			<td>Invitrogen</td>
			<td>S 888</td>
			<td>PPE</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Dimethylformamide</td>
			<td>MP Biomedicals</td>
			<td>0219514791</td>
			<td>PPE</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Polydimethylsiloxane Elastomer Base and Curing Agent</td>
			<td>Dow Corning</td>
			<td>Sylgard 184 Elastomer Kit</td>
			<td>PPE</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>SU-8 2015</td>
			<td>Microchem</td>
			<td>Y111064</td>
			<td>PPE</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>SU-8 Developer</td>
			<td>Microchem</td>
			<td>Y020100</td>
			<td>PPE</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Silanizing agent</td>
			<td>Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td>452807</td>
			<td>PPE</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Hydrogen</td>
			<td>Purity Plus</td>
			<td>LNF</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Ethylene</td>
			<td>Purity Plus</td>
			<td>LNF</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Argon</td>
			<td>Purity Plus</td>
			<td>LNF</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Phosphate Buffer Saline System</td>
			<td>Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td>PBS1</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
			<td>EQUIPMENT</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
			<td>Equipment provided by Lurie Nanofabrication Facility (University of Michigan) is denoted as LNF in Catalogue column.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>GCA 200 Autostepper</td>
			<td>GCA</td>
			<td>LNF</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Low Pressure Chemical Vapor Deposition Tool</td>
			<td>Tempress</td>
			<td>LNF</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>e-beam Evaporator</td>
			<td>Enerjet</td>
			<td>LNF</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>CNT growth Furnace</td>
			<td>First Nano</td>
			<td>Easy Tube 3000 (LNF)</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Photomasks</td>
			<td>Nanofilm</td>
			<td>LNF</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Petri dish (150mm)</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
			<td>LNF</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Desiccator</td>
			<td>Bel-Art</td>
			<td>F420100000</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Biopsy Punch</td>
			<td>Ted Pella</td>
			<td>15071/78</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Scalpel</td>
			<td>Ted Pella</td>
			<td>548</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Polyethylene Tubing PE-50</td>
			<td>VWR</td>
			<td>20903-414</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Syringe Pump</td>
			<td>New Era Pump Systems</td>
			<td>NE-1000</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Syringe</td>
			<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>BD Safety-Lok Syringes</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Syringe Needles</td>
			<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>14-821-13A</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>DAQ card</td>
			<td>National Instruments</td>
			<td>779111-01</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>GPIB connector</td>
			<td>National Instruments</td>
			<td>778032-51</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Lock-in Amplifier</td>
			<td>Stanford Research Systems</td>
			<td>SR 830</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Frequency Generator</td>
			<td>HP Agilent</td>
			<td>8648B, 9kHz -2GHz</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Bias Tee</td>
			<td>Picosecond</td>
			<td>5575A-104</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Current Preamplifier</td>
			<td>DL Instruments, LLC</td>
			<td>DL 1211</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>BNC cables</td>
			<td>Allied Electronics</td>
			<td>665-xxxx</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>SMA cables</td>
			<td>Sentro Tech Corp</td>
			<td>SCF65141</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

fabrication of carbon nanotube high-frequency nanoelectronic biosensor for sensing in high ionic strength solutions

De unikke elektroniske egenskaber og høje overflade-til-volumen nøgletal for single-walled carbon nanorør (SWNT) og halvleder nanotråde (NW) 1-4 gør dem gode kandidater til høj følsomhed biosensorer. Når en ladet molekyle binder til en sådan sensor overflade, det ændrer transportøren massefylde 5 i sensoren, hvilket resulterer i ændringer i DC ledningsevne. Men i en ionisk opløsning en ladet overflade tiltrækker også modioner fra opløsningen og danner et elektrisk dobbeltlag (EDS). Denne EDL effektivt afskærmer afgiften, og i fysiologisk relevante betingelser ~ 100 millimolær (mM), og hvis karakteristiske ladning screening længde (Debye længde) er mindre end en nanometer (nm). Således i høje ionstyrke løsninger er afgift baseret (DC) afsløring fundamentalt hæmmet 6-8. Vi overvinde charge screening effekter ved at afsløre molekylære dipoler snarere end afgifter ved høj frekvens, ved at betjene carbon nanotUbe felteffekttransistorer som højfrekvente mixere 9-11. Ved høje frekvenser, kan frekvensomformeren kraft ikke længere overvinde løsningen træk og ionerne i opløsning ikke har tilstrækkelig tid til at danne EDL. Endvidere frekvens blanding teknik giver os mulighed for at operere ved frekvenser er høje nok til at overvinde ionisk screening, og alligevel detektere sensing signaler ved lavere frekvenser 11-12. Også den høje transconductance af SWNT transistorer giver en intern forstærkning for sensing signal, som overflødiggør behovet for ekstern signal forstærker. Her beskriver vi den protokol (a) fabrikere SWNT transistorer, (b) functionalize biomolekyler til nanorør 13 (c) designe og stemple en poly-dimethylsiloxan (PDMS) mikro-fluidisk kammer 14 på enheden, og (d) udføre højfrekvente sensing i forskellige ionstyrke løsninger 11..

En scanning elektron mikroskop billede af SWNT transistor med en ophængt top port er vist i figur 7a. De mål af porten er afgørende for suspension 25. Den nuværende udformning dimensioner er (længde x bredde x tykkelse = 25 um x 1 um x 100 nm). Gateelektroden består af 50 nm Cr/50 nm Au, et tykt lag krom tilføjer mere styrke til suspenderet struktur. Det suspenderede struktur bekræftes ved fravær af lækstrøm mellem top gate og drain (figur 7b). <p class="jove_c...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Fabrication of Carbon Nanotube High-Frequency Nanoelectronic Biosensor for Sensing in High Ionic Strength Solutions at JoVE.com

Fabrication of Carbon Nanotube High-Frequency Nanoelectronic Biosensor for Sensing in High Ionic Strength Solutions

Vi beskriver enhedens fabrikation og måling protokol for kulstof nanorør baserede højfrekvente biosensorer. Den højfrekvente sensing teknik afbøder den grundlæggende ioniske (Debye) screening effekt og giver nanorør biosensor kan betjenes i høje ionstyrke løsninger, hvor konventionelle elektroniske biosensorer mislykkes. Vores teknologi giver en unik platform for point-of-care (POC) elektroniske biosensorer, der opererer i fysiologisk relevante betingelser.

Fabrikation af kulstof nanorør High-Frequency Nanoelektroniske biosensor for Sensing i høj ionstyrke Solutions

The unique electronic properties and high surface-to-volume ratios of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNT) and semiconductor nanowires (NW) 1-4 make them ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Bioengineering

Fabrication of Electrochemical-DNA Biosensors for the Reagentless Detection of Nucleic Acids, Proteins and Small Molecules

As medicine is currently practiced, doctors send specimens to a central laboratory for testing and thus must wait hours or days to 
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Hollow Microneedle-based Sensor for Multiplexed Transdermal Electrochemical Sensing

Hollow mikro-baserede sensor for Multiplexed Transdermal Elektrokemisk Sensing

The development of a minimally invasive multiplexed monitoring system for rapid analysis of biologically-relevant molecules could offer individuals ...

Biosensor for Detection of Antibiotic Resistant Staphylococcus Bacteria

Biosensor til detektion af antibiotikaresistente Staphylococcus Bakterier

A structurally transformed lytic bacteriophage having a broad host range of Staphylococcus aureus strains and a penicillin-binding protein (PBP 2a) ...

Targeted Plasma Membrane Delivery of a Hydrophobic Cargo Encapsulated in a Liquid Crystal Nanoparticle Carrier

Målrettet plasmamembran Levering af en hydrofob Cargo indkapslet i en Liquid Crystal Nanopartikel Carrier

The controlled delivery of drug/imaging agents to cells is critical for the development of therapeutics and for the study of cellular signaling processes. ...

Dry Film Photoresist-based Electrochemical Microfluidic Biosensor Platform: Device Fabrication, On-chip Assay Preparation, and System Operation

Tør Film Photoresist-baserede elektrokemisk mikrofluid Biosensor Platform: Enhed fabrikation, On-chip Assay forberedelse og drift

In recent years, biomarker diagnostics became an indispensable tool for the diagnosis of human disease, especially for the point-of-care diagnostics. An ...

Improved 3D Hydrogel Cultures of Primary Glial Cells for In Vitro Modelling of Neuroinflammation

Improved 3D Hydrogel Cultures of Primary Glial Cells for In Vitro Modelling of Neuroinflammation

Forbedret 3D Hydrogel kulturer af primære Glial celler for In Vitro modellering af Neuroinflammation

In the central nervous system, numerous acute injuries and neurodegenerative disorders, as well as implanted devices or biomaterials engineered to enhance ...

Spontaneous Formation and Rearrangement of Artificial Lipid Nanotube Networks as a Bottom-Up Model for Endoplasmic Reticulum

Spontane dannelse og omlægning af kunstige Lipid nanorør netværk som en Bottom-Up-Model for endoplasmatiske Reticulum

We present a convenient method to form a bottom-up structural organelle model for the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). The model consists of highly dense ...

Fabricating Multi-Component Lipid Nanotube Networks Using the Gliding Kinesin Motility Assay

Fremstilling af multikomponent lipid nanorør netværk ved hjælp af Glidende Kinesin Motility Assay

Lipid nanotube (LNT) networks represent an in vitro model system for studying molecular transport and lipid biophysics with relevance to the ubiquitous ...

Fabrication of Zero Mode Waveguides for High Concentration Single Molecule Microscopy

Fremstilling af Zero Mode Waveguides for høj koncentration enkelt molekyle mikroskopi

In single molecule fluorescence enzymology, background fluorescence from labeled substrates in solution often limits fluorophore concentration to pico- to ...

Generation of Dynamical Environmental Conditions using a High-Throughput Microfluidic Device

Generering af dynamiske miljøforhold ved hjælp af en mikrofluidisk højoverførselsenhed

Mimicking in vivo environmental conditions is crucial for in vitro studies on complex life machinery. However, current techniques targeting live cells and ...