Name: characterization of inflammatory responses during intranasal colonization with streptococcus pneumoniae
Uploaded: 2014-01-17T13:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Characterization of Inflammatory Responses During Intranasal Colonization with Streptococcus pneumoniae at JoVE.com

Os autores gostariam de agradecer ao Dr. Jeffery Weiser da Universidade da Pensilvânia por seu dom das cepas clínicas de Streptococcus pneumoniae. Este trabalho foi financiado pelos Institutos Canadenses de Pesquisa em Saúde. Cv foi financiado por uma bolsa M. G. DeGroote e uma bolsa da Sociedade Torácica Canadense. Este trabalho foi financiado pela Ontário Lung Association e institutos canadenses de pesquisa em saúde (CIHR). O trabalho no laboratório Bowdish é apoiado em parte por Michael G. DeGroote Centre for Infectious Disease Research e pelo McMaster Imunology Research Centre.

Antes de começar: todas as etapas são feitas em um Gabinete de Segurança Biológica Nível 2 (BSL2) de Biohazard ( BSC) a menos que seja indicado de outra forma. Certifique-se de que obteve a aprovação biohazard apropriada para o uso de patógenos bacterianos infecciosos de acordo com as diretrizes institucionais antes do início dos experimentos. Além disso, certifique-se de que você tenha todos os materiais e reagentes necessários para realizar o procedimento preparado com antecedência. Os cam...

<ol>
	<li>Bogaert, D., de Groot, R., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Streptococcus+pneumoniae+colonisation:+the+key+to+pneumococcal+disease.">Streptococcus pneumoniae colonisation: the key to pneumococcal disease.</a> Lancet Infect. Dis. 4, 144-154 (2004).</li><li>Kadioglu, A., Weiser, J. N., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+role+of+Streptococcus+pneumoniae+virulence+factors+in+host+respiratory+colonization+and+disease.">The role of Streptococcus pneumoniae virulence factors in host respiratory colonization and disease.</a> Nat. Rev. Microbiol. 6 (4), 288-301 (2008).</li><li>McCool, T. L., Cate, T. 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Immun. 75, 83-90 (2007).</li><li>van Rossum, A., Lysenko, E., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Host+and+bacterial+factors+contributing+to+the+clearance+of+colonisation+by+Streptococcus+pneumoniae+in+a+murine+model.">Host and bacterial factors contributing to the clearance of colonisation by Streptococcus pneumoniae in a murine model.</a> Infect. Immun. 73, 7718-7726 (2005).</li><li>Barocchi, M. A., Ries, J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+pneumococcal+pilus+influences+virulence+and+host+inflammatory+responses.">A pneumococcal pilus influences virulence and host inflammatory responses.</a> Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 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A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Role+of+genetic+resistance+in+invasive+pneumococcal+infection:+identification+and+study+of+susceptibility+and+resistance+in+inbred+mouse+strains.">Role of genetic resistance in invasive pneumococcal infection: identification and study of susceptibility and resistance in inbred mouse strains.</a> Infect. Immun. 69 (1), 426-434 (2001).</li><li>Jeong, D., Jeong, E., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Difference+in+resistance+to+Streptococcus+pneumoniae+infection+in+mice.">Difference in resistance to Streptococcus pneumoniae infection in mice.</a> Lab Anim. Res. 27, 91-98 (2011).</li><li>Wu, H. Y., Virolainen, A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Establishment+of+a+Streptococcus+pneumoniae+nasopharyngeal+colonization+model+in+adult+mice.">Establishment of a Streptococcus pneumoniae nasopharyngeal colonization model in adult mice.</a> Microb. Pathog. 23, 127-137 (1997).</li><li>Southam, D. S., Dolovich, M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Distribution+of+intranasal+instillations+in+mice:+effects+of+volume,+time,+body+position.">Distribution of intranasal instillations in mice: effects of volume, time, body position.</a> Lung Physiol. 282, 833-839 (2002).</li><li>Miller, M. A., Stabenow, J. M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Visualization+of+Murine+Intranasal+Dosing+Efficiency+Using+Luminescent+Francisella+tularensis:+Effect+of+Instillation+Volume+and+Form+of+Anesthesia.">Visualization of Murine Intranasal Dosing Efficiency Using Luminescent Francisella tularensis: Effect of Instillation Volume and Form of Anesthesia.</a> PLoS ONE. 7 (2), (2012).</li><li>Briles, D. E., Novak, L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Nasal+Colonization+with+Streptococcus+pneumoniae+includes+subpopulations+of+surface+and+invasive+pneumococci.">Nasal Colonization with Streptococcus pneumoniae includes subpopulations of surface and invasive pneumococci.</a> Infect. Immun. 73 (10), 6945-6951 (2005).</li><li>Wu, H. -. 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J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+role+of+nasopharyngeal+lymphoid+tissue.">The role of nasopharyngeal lymphoid tissue.</a> Trends Immunol. 13, 219-224 (1992).</li><li>Zhang, Q., Leong, S. C., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Characterisation+of+regulatory+T+cells+in+nasal+associated+lymphoid+tissue+in+children:+relationships+with+pneumococcal+colonization.">Characterisation of regulatory T cells in nasal associated lymphoid tissue in children: relationships with pneumococcal colonization.</a> PLoS Pathog. 7, (2011).</li><li>Briles, D. E., Novak, L., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Nasal+colonization+with+Streptococcus+pneumoniae+includes+subpopulations+of+surface+and+invasive+pneumococci.">Nasal colonization with Streptococcus pneumoniae includes subpopulations of surface and invasive pneumococci.</a> Infect. Immun. 73, 6945-6951 (2005).</li><li>Weinberger, D. M., Trzcinski, K., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Pneumococcal+capsular+polysaccharide+structure+predicts+serotype+prevalence.">Pneumococcal capsular polysaccharide structure predicts serotype prevalence.</a> PLoS Pathog. 5, (2009).</li><li>Bryant, W. P., J, , et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Which+Pneumococcal+Serogroups+Cause+the+Most+Invasive+Disease:+Implications+for+Conjugate+Vaccine+Formulation+and+Use,+Part+I..">Which Pneumococcal Serogroups Cause the Most Invasive Disease: Implications for Conjugate Vaccine Formulation and Use, Part I..</a> Clin. Infect. Dis. 30, 100-121 (2000).</li><li>Hausdorff, W. P., Feikin, D. R., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Epidemiological+differences+among+pneumococcal+serotypes.">Epidemiological differences among pneumococcal serotypes.</a> Lancet Infect. Dis. 5, 83-93 (2005).</li><li>Brueggemann, A., Griffiths, D., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Clonal+Relationships+between+Invasive+and+Carriage+Streptococcus+pneumoniae+and+Serotype+and+Clone+Specific+Differences+in+Invasive+Disease+Potential.">Clonal Relationships between Invasive and Carriage Streptococcus pneumoniae and Serotype and Clone Specific Differences in Invasive Disease Potential.</a> J. Infect. Dis. 187, 1424-1432 (2003).</li><li>Mohler, J., Azoulay-Dupis, E., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Streptococcus+pneumoniae+strain-dependent+lung+inflammatory+responses+in+a+murine+model+of+pneumococcal+pneumonia.">Streptococcus pneumoniae strain-dependent lung inflammatory responses in a murine model of pneumococcal pneumonia.</a> Intensive Care Med. 29, 808-816 (2003).</li><li>Wu, H. Y., Virolainen, A., Mathews, B., King, J., Russell, M. W., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Establishment+of+a+Streptococcus+pneumoniae+nasopharyngeal+colonization+model+in+adult+mice.">Establishment of a Streptococcus pneumoniae nasopharyngeal colonization model in adult mice.</a> Microb. Pathog. 23, 127-137 (1997).</li><li>Zhang, Z., Clarke, T. B., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Cellular+effectors+mediating+Th17-dependent+clearance+of+pneumococcal+colonization+in+mice.">Cellular effectors mediating Th17-dependent clearance of pneumococcal colonization in mice.</a> J. Clin. Invest. 119, 1899-1909 (2009).</li><li>Parker, D., Martin, F. J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Streptococcus+pneumoniae+DNA+initiates+type+I+interferon+signaling+in+the+respiratory+tract.">Streptococcus pneumoniae DNA initiates type I interferon signaling in the respiratory tract.</a> MBio. 2, (2011).</li><li>Haya, D. L., Camilli, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Large-scale+identification+of+serotype+4+Streptococcus+pneumoniae+virulence+factors.">Large-scale identification of serotype 4 Streptococcus pneumoniae virulence factors.</a> Mol. Microbiol. 45, 1389-1406 (2002).</li><li>Nakamura, S., Favis, K. M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Synergistic+stimulation+of+type+I+interferons+during+influenza+virus+coinfection+promotes+Streptococcus+pneumoniae+colonization+in+mice.">Synergistic stimulation of type I interferons during influenza virus coinfection promotes Streptococcus pneumoniae colonization in mice.</a> J. Clin. Invest. 121, 3657-3665 (2011).</li><li>Kim, J. O., Weiser, J. N. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Association+of+intrastrain+phase+variation+in+quantity+of+capsular+polysaccharide+and+teichoic+acid+with+the+virulence+of+Streptococcus+pneumoniae.">Association of intrastrain phase variation in quantity of capsular polysaccharide and teichoic acid with the virulence of Streptococcus pneumoniae.</a> J. Infect. Dis. 177, 368-377 (1998).</li><li>Roche, A. M., King, S. J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Live+attenuated+Streptococcus+pneumoniae+strains+induce+serotype-independent+mucosal+and+systemic+protection+in+mice.">Live attenuated Streptococcus pneumoniae strains induce serotype-independent mucosal and systemic protection in mice.</a> Infect. Immun. 75, 2469-2475 (2007).</li><li>Cohen, J. M., Khandavalli, S., Camberlein, E., Hyams, C., Baxendale, H. E., Brown, J. S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Protective+contributions+against+invasive+Streptococcus+pneumoniae+pneumonia+of+antibody+and+Th17-Cell+responses+to+nasopharyngeal+colonisation.">Protective contributions against invasive Streptococcus pneumoniae pneumonia of antibody and Th17-Cell responses to nasopharyngeal colonisation.</a> PLoS One. 6 (10), (2011).</li><li>Cohen, J. M., Khandavalli, S., Camberlein, E., Hyams, C., Baxendale, H. E., Brown, J. S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Protective+contributions+against+invasive+Streptococcus+pneumoniae+pneumonia+of+antibody+and+Th17-Cell+responses+to+nasopharyngeal+colonisation.">Protective contributions against invasive Streptococcus pneumoniae pneumonia of antibody and Th17-Cell responses to nasopharyngeal colonisation.</a> PLoS One. 6 (10), (2011).</li><li>Richards, L., Ferreira, D. M., Miyaji, E. N., Andrew, P. W., Kadioglu, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+immunising+effect+of+pneumococcal+nasopharyngeal+colonisation;+protection+against+future+colonisation+and+fatal+invasive+disease.">The immunising effect of pneumococcal nasopharyngeal colonisation; protection against future colonisation and fatal invasive disease.</a> Immunobiology. , 215-251 (2010).</li><li>Lanie, J. A., Ng, W. L., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Genome+sequence+of+Avery's+virulent+serotype+2+strain+D39+of+Streptococcus+pneumoniae+and+comparison+with+that+of+unencapsulated+laboratory+strain+R6.">Genome sequence of Avery's virulent serotype 2 strain D39 of Streptococcus pneumoniae and comparison with that of unencapsulated laboratory strain R6.</a> J. 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Neste estudo, foram apresentados métodos detalhados para a colonização intranasal de camundongos utilizando uma cepa de streptococcus pneumoniae e o subsequente isolamento e caracterização das células imunes recrutadas para nasofaringe em resposta à bactéria. Demonstramos como um inóculo bacteriano pode ser cultivado em mídia rica em nutrientes e usado para estabelecer um evento de colonização em camundongos, que é inicialmente restrito à nasofaringe. Em seguida, mostramos como os tipos de células...

<table border="1">
<tbody>
 <tr>
 <td>Name of Reagent/Material</td>
 <td>Company</td>
 <td>Catalog Number</td>
 <td></td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>Anti-Mouse Ly6C FITC</td>
 <td>BD Pharmingen</td>
 <td>553104</td>
 <td></td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>Anti-Mouse Ly6G PE</td>
 <td>BD Pharmingen</td>
 <td></td>
 <td></td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>Anti-Mouse CD45.1 eFluor 450</td>
 <td>eBioscience</td>
 <td>48-0453-82</td>
 <td></td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>Anti-Mouse F4/80 Antigen APC</td>
 <td>eBioscience</td>
 <td>17-4801-82</td>
 <td></td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>Anti-Mouse CD11c PerCP-Cy5.5</td>
 <td>eBioscience</td>
 <td>45-0114-82</td>
 <td></td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>Anti-Mouse CD11b PE-Cy7</td>
 <td>eBioscience</td>
 <td>25-0112-82</td>
 <td></td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>Anti-Mouse CD3 Alexa Fluor 700</td>
 <td>eBioscience</td>
 <td>56-0032-82</td>
 <td></td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td><a href="http://us.ebioscience.com/mouse-cd4-antibody-efluor-605nc-gk15.htm" target="_blank">Anti-Mouse CD4 eFluor 605NC</a></td>
 <td>eBioscience</td>
 <td>93-0041-42</td>
 <td></td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>Intramedic Polyethylene Tubing - PE20</td>
 <td>Becton Dickinson</td>
 <td>427406</td>
 <td></td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>BD 1ml Syringe</td>
 <td>Becton Dickinson</td>
 <td>309659</td>
 <td></td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>BD 26G3/8 Intradermal Bevel</td>
 <td>Becton Dickinson</td>
 <td>305110</td>
 <td></td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>Buffer RLT Lysis Buffer</td>
 <td>Qiagen</td>
 <td>79216</td>
 <td></td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>Difco Tryptic Soy Agar</td>
 <td>Becton Dickinson</td>
 <td>236950</td>
 <td></td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>Defibrinated Sheep Blood</td>
 <td>PML Microbiologicals</td>
 <td>A0404</td>
 <td></td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>RNAqueous-Micro Kit</td>
 <td>Ambion</td>
 <td>AM1931</td>
 <td></td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>M-MuLV Reverse Transcriptase</td>
 <td>New England Biolabs</td>
 <td>M0253L</td>
 <td></td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>GoTaq qPCR Master Mix</td>
 <td>Promega</td>
 <td>A6001</td>
 <td></td>
 </tr>
 </tbody>
</table>

characterization of inflammatory responses during intranasal colonization with streptococcus pneumoniae

A colonização nasofaríngea por Streptococcus pneumoniae é um pré-requisito para a invasão aos pulmões ou corrente sanguínea1. Este organismo é capaz de colonizar a superfície mucosa da nasofaringe, onde pode residir, multiplicar e eventualmente superar as defesas hospedeiras para invadir outros tecidos do hospedeiro. O estabelecimento de uma infecção no trato respiratório normalmente inferior resulta em pneumonia. Alternativamente, as bactérias podem se disseminar na corrente sanguínea causando bacteremia, que está associada a altas taxas de mortalidade2, ou então levar diretamente ao desenvolvimento de meningite pneumocócica. Entender a cinética e as respostas imunológicas à colonização nasofaríngea é um aspecto importante dos modelos de infecção por S. pneumoniae.
Nosso modelo de camundongos de colonização intranasal é adaptado dos modelos humanos3 e tem sido usado por vários grupos de pesquisa no estudo de respostas hospedeiras-patógenos na nasofaringe4-7. Na primeira parte do modelo, utilizamos um isolado clínico de S. pneumoniae para estabelecer uma colonização bacteriana auto-limitante que seja semelhante aos eventos de transporte em adultos humanos. O procedimento aqui detalhado envolve a preparação de um inóculo bacteriano, seguido da criação de um evento de colonização através da entrega do inóculo através de uma via intranasal de administração. Macrófagos residentes são o tipo de célula predominante na nasofaringe durante o estado estável. Normalmente, há poucos linfócitos presentes em camundongos não infectados8, no entanto a colonização mucosa levará a inflamações de baixo a alto grau (dependendo da virulência das espécies bacterianas e da cepa) que resultarão em uma resposta imune e o subsequente recrutamento de células imunes hospedeiras. Essas células podem ser isoladas por um lavado do conteúdo traqueal através das nares, e correlacionadas com a densidade das bactérias de colonização para entender melhor a cinética da infecção.

A Figura 1 representa uma visão geral que resume os principais passos do protocolo. As figuras 2-3 fornecem visualização da metodologia microbiológica inerente aos protocolos aqui descritos. A Figura 4 representa o posicionamento adequado de um rato para realizar uma colonização intranasal, enquanto a Figura 5 retrata tipicamente mudanças no peso de camundongos colonizados com cepa de S. pneumoniae P1547. As figuras 6-7 r...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Characterization of Inflammatory Responses During Intranasal Colonization with Streptococcus pneumoniae at JoVE.com

Characterization of Inflammatory Responses During Intranasal Colonization with Streptococcus pneumoniae

A colonização da nasofaringe murina com Streptococcus pneumoniae e a subsequente extração de células aderentes ou recrutadas é descrita. Esta técnica envolve a lavagem da nasofaringe e a coleta do fluido através das nares e é adaptável para várias leituras, incluindo quantificação celular diferencial e análise da expressão mRNA in situ.

Caracterização de Respostas Inflamatórias Durante Colonização Intranasal com Streptococcus pneumoniae

Nasopharyngeal colonization by Streptococcus pneumoniae is a prerequisite to invasion to the lungs or bloodstream1. This organism is capable of colonizing ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Immunology and Infection

Characterization of Inflammatory Responses During Intranasal Colonization with Streptococcus pneumoniae

Using Bioluminescent Imaging to Investigate Synergism Between Streptococcus pneumoniae and Influenza A Virus in Infant Mice

Using Bioluminescent Imaging to Investigate Synergism Between Streptococcus pneumoniae and Influenza A Virus in Infant Mice

Usando imagens Bioluminescent para Investigar sinergismo entre Streptococcus pneumoniae E Vírus da Influenza A em Ratos infantil

During the 1918 influenza virus pandemic, which killed approximately 50 million people worldwide, the majority of fatalities were not the result of ...

Imunologia e Infecção

Live Cell Imaging of Bacillus subtilis and Streptococcus pneumoniae using Automated Time-lapse Microscopy

Live Cell Imaging of Bacillus subtilis and Streptococcus pneumoniae using Automated Time-lapse Microscopy

Imagens de células vivas de Bacillus subtilis E Streptococcus pneumoniae Usando Microscopia lapso de tempo Automated

During the last few years scientists became increasingly aware that average data obtained from microbial population based experiments are not ...

Assessing Hepatic Metabolic Changes During Progressive Colonization of Germ-free Mouse by 1H NMR Spectroscopy

Assessing Hepatic Metabolic Changes During Progressive Colonization of Germ-free Mouse by 1H NMR Spectroscopy

Avaliar as alterações metabólicas hepáticas Durante a colonização progressiva de Germ-free Mouse 1 H NMR Spectroscopy

It is well known that gut bacteria contribute significantly to the host homeostasis, providing a range of benefits such as immune protection and vitamin ...

Monitoring Changes in Membrane Polarity, Membrane Integrity, and Intracellular Ion Concentrations in Streptococcus pneumoniae Using Fluorescent Dyes

Monitoring Changes in Membrane Polarity, Membrane Integrity, and Intracellular Ion Concentrations in Streptococcus pneumoniae Using Fluorescent Dyes

Acompanhamento da evolução das Membrane Polaridade, integridade de membrana e intracelulares Ion concentrações no<em&gt; Streptococcus pneumoniae</em&gt; Usando corantes fluorescentes

Membrane depolarization and ion fluxes are events that have been studied extensively in biological systems due to their ability to profoundly impact ...

Capsular Serotyping of Streptococcus pneumoniae Using the Quellung Reaction

Capsular Serotyping of Streptococcus pneumoniae Using the Quellung Reaction

A sorotipagem capsular de<em&gt; Streptococcus pneumoniae</em&gt; Usando o Reaction Quellung

There are over 90 different capsular serotypes of Streptococcus pneumoniae (the pneumococcus). As well as being a tool for understanding pneumococcal ...

Capsular Serotyping of Streptococcus pneumoniae by Latex Agglutination

Capsular Serotyping of Streptococcus pneumoniae by Latex Agglutination

Capsular sorotipagem de<em&gt; Streptococcus pneumoniae</em&gt; Por aglutinação em látex

Latex agglutination reagents are widely used in microbial diagnosis, identification and serotyping. Streptococcus pneumoniae (the pneumococcus) is a major ...

A Murine Model of Group B Streptococcus Vaginal Colonization

A Murine Model of Group B Streptococcus Vaginal Colonization

Um modelo murino de Grupo B<em&gt; Streptococcus</em&gt; Colonização Vaginal

Streptococcus agalactiae (group B Streptococcus, GBS), is a Gram-positive, asymptomatic colonizer of the human gastrointestinal tract and vaginal tract of ...

Increased Recovery Time and Decreased LPS Administration to Study the Vagus Nerve Stimulation Mechanisms in Limited Inflammatory Responses

Aumento do tempo de recuperação e diminuição da Administração LPS para estudar o nervo vago Estimulação Mecanismos em respostas inflamatórias Limitada

Inflammation is a local response to infection and tissue damage mediated by activated macrophages, monocytes, and other immune cells that release ...

An IL-8 Transiently Transgenized Mouse Model for the In Vivo Long-term Monitoring of Inflammatory Responses

An IL-8 Transiently Transgenized Mouse Model for the In Vivo Long-term Monitoring of Inflammatory Responses

Um modelo de mouse transiente Transientized IL-8 para o<em&gt; In Vivo</em&gt; Monitoramento de Longo Prazo de Respostas Inflamatórias

Airway inflammation is often associated with bacterial infections and represents a major determinant of lung disease. The in vivo determination of the ...

Imaging Ca2+ Responses During Shigella Infection of Epithelial Cells

Imaging Ca2+ Responses During Shigella Infection of Epithelial Cells

Imagem de Ca2 + respostas durante Shigella infecção das células epiteliais

Ca2+ is a ubiquitous ion involved in all known cellular processes. While global Ca2+ responses may affect cell fate, local variations in free Ca2+ ...