Name: inchworming: a novel motor stereotypy in the btbr t+ itpr3tf/j mouse model of autism
Uploaded: 2014-07-05T16:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Inchworming: A Novel Motor Stereotypy in the BTBR T+ Itpr3tf/J Mouse Model of Autism at JoVE.com

作者感谢由玫瑰托比亚斯，Younghee安贞焕和大卫N.罗斯金所提供的技术和后勤援助和专门知识。这里所描述的工作是由亚省儿童医院基金会和亚省儿童医院研究所。

所有程序均在按照加拿大动物保护委员会，并经卡尔加里动物保健委员会的大学。 1，动物的制备<ol><li>分离小鼠过夜（12小时）前测试。要做到这一点，本身，测试前一天将所有BTBR和B6小鼠（P35-P40）在笼子里所需要的实验分析。 </li><li>将分离的小鼠中的行为分析室30分钟，在试验之前，使动物将习惯于以新颖的环境。 </li></ol> 2，设备准备<o...

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	<li>McFarlane, H. G., Kusek, G. K., Yan, M., Phoenix, J. L., Bolivar, V. J., Crawley, J. N. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Autism-like+behavioral+phenotypes+in+BTBR+T+tf/J+mice.">Autism-like behavioral phenotypes in BTBR T+tf/J mice.</a> Genes, Brain, and Behavior. 7, 152-163 (2008).</li><li>Crawley, J. N. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Designing+mouse+behavioral+tasks+relevant+to+autistic-like+behaviors.">Designing mouse behavioral tasks relevant to autistic-like behaviors.</a> Mental Retardation and Developmental Disabilities Research Reviews. 10 (4), 248-258 (2004).</li><li>Deacon, R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Digging+and+marble+burying+in+mice:+simple+methods+for+in+vivo+identification+of+biological+impacts.">Digging and marble burying in mice: simple methods for in vivo identification of biological impacts.</a> Nature Protocols. 1 (1), 122-124 (2006).</li><li>Thomas, A., Burant, A., Bui, N., Graham, D., Yuva-Paylor, L. A., Paylor, R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Marble+burying+reflects+a+repetitive+and+perseverative+behavior+more+than+novelty-induced+anxiety.">Marble burying reflects a repetitive and perseverative behavior more than novelty-induced anxiety.</a> Psychopharmacology. 204, 361-373 (2009).</li><li>Dudek, B. C., Adams, N., Boice, R., Abbott, M. E. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Genetic+influences+on+digging+behaviours+in+mice+(Mus+musculus)+in+laboratory+and+seminatural+settings.">Genetic influences on digging behaviours in mice (Mus musculus) in laboratory and seminatural settings.</a> Journal of Comparative Psychology. 97 (3), 249-259 (1983).</li><li>Webster, D., Williams, M. H., Owens, R., Geiger, V., Dewsbury, D. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Digging+behavior+in+12+taxa+of+muriod+rodents.">Digging behavior in 12 taxa of muriod rodents.</a> Animal Learning and Behavior. 9 (2), 173-177 (1981).</li><li>Pobbe, R. H., Pearson, B. L., Defensor, E., Bolivar, V. J., Blanchard, D. C., Blanchard, R. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Expression+of+social+behaviours+of+C57BL/6J+versus+BTBR+inbred+mouse+strains+in+the+visible+burrow+system.">Expression of social behaviours of C57BL/6J versus BTBR inbred mouse strains in the visible burrow system.</a> Behavioural Brain Research. 214, 443-449 (2010).</li><li>Lewis, M. H., Tanimura, Y., Lee, L., Bodfish, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Animal+models+of+restricted+repetitive+behavior+in+autism.">Animal models of restricted repetitive behavior in autism.</a> Behavioural Brain Research. 176, 66-74 (2007).</li><li>Silverman, J. L., Yang, M., Lord, C., Crawley, J. N. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Behavioural+phenotyping+assays+for+mouse+models+of+autism.">Behavioural phenotyping assays for mouse models of autism.</a> Nature Reviews. 11, 490-502 (2010).</li><li>Deacon, R., Rawlins, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Hippocampal+lesions,+species-typical+behaviours+and+anxiety+in+mice.">Hippocampal lesions, species-typical behaviours and anxiety in mice.</a> Behavioural Brain Research. 156, 241-249 (2005).</li><li>Pearson, B. L., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Motor+and+cognitive+sterotypies+in+the+BTBR+T+tf/J+mouse+model+of+autism.">Motor and cognitive sterotypies in the BTBR T+tf/J mouse model of autism.</a> Genes, Brain, and Behavior. 10, 228-235 (2011).</li><li>Pobbe, R. H., Defensor, E., Pearson, B. L., Bolivar, V. J., Blanchard, D. C., Blanchard, R. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=General+and+social+anxiety+in+the+BTBR+T++tf/J+mouse+strain.">General and social anxiety in the BTBR T+ tf/J mouse strain.</a> Behavioural Brain Research. 216 (1), 446-451 (2011).</li></ol>

Inchworming是一种新型的测量，可以用于研究许多疾病表现出刻板如ASD重复的行为。有4个步骤，是极为重要的，从改性少年社会交互协议产生可靠inchworming数据：1）延长的隔离期是必不可少的inchworming测试，不应该从协议中删除或缩短。这项规定是专门针对inchworming的测试在这里描述对。 2）视频摄像机需要被适当地定位和聚焦，以使小鼠可以在整个有机玻璃外壳完全可视化。 3）外壳应测试对之间?...

虽然自闭症谱系障碍（ASD）的病理生理机制仍不清楚，诊断依赖于三大类症状的存在：畸形的社会互惠，沟通障碍，以及重复/刻板行为1。大多数啮齿类动物模型不能同时重现这三个症状在一个单一的动物。因此，模型，可以可靠地模拟这种疾病的一些或所有方面的有效预防和治疗策略的发展具有很大的价值。一个模型，它确实显示ASD的所有三个方面是BTBR鼠标1,2。 在超声波发声和社会分析方法相结合，对青少年社会交往的测试通常用来表征小儿房间隔缺损的小鼠模型;这些测试测量下降，占ASD的核心功能不正常的社会行为。除了少年社会交往试验，许多其它试验已被用来测量在ASD动物模型刻板行为。例如，在大理石埋藏测试中，它检查动物的倾向用在努力鼻子和前爪覆盖的对象来取代寝具材料，被认为是衡量出现在响应厌恶刺激3,4强迫刻板行为。因此，挖掘试验已经实施量化ASD动物模型和不同的鼠类物种3,5-7这种重复行为。挖掘行为被定义为口鼻部或足掌来取代铺垫材料的明显指示行动，并已假设是重复的运动行为4个敏感参数。 在这里，我们报告了一种新类型的挖掘，这是我们在小鼠BTBR菌株称为​​“inchworming”。这种新颖的行为表征可提供稳健的计量重复性运动行为可用于进一步的缬氨酸idation啮齿类动物模型，如房间隔缺损，亨廷顿氏症或强迫行为8,9。我们定义“inchworming”作为前和后肢内侧后跟一个同步运动向外通入床上用品材料的位移中的至少一个同步运动。这不同于在许多方面典型的挖掘行为。首先，inchworming行为通常被观察到发作的组合，而不是一个孤立的事件。相比之下，挖掘可能会出现无论是作为后或前爪3单协调运动。此外，inchworming运动趋向水平地发生在整个外壳层，而不是在固定的位置是挖行为的特征。最后，下面描述的inchworming行为经常发生在小鼠的BTBR近交系，但在B6对照菌株中很少发现，而典型的挖掘行为是共同的小鼠B6和BTBR菌株<sup&gt; 10。在这项研究中所概述的inchworming测试程序代表一个标准的青少年社会交往的协议1的修改。 鉴于大理石掩埋，挖掘和发挥青少年建立价值用于测量ASD的小鼠模型异常行为时，inchworming行为补充了这些先前定义的刻板行为的测量。特别是，inchworming行为提供了在房间隔缺损8,11普遍认定低阶电机刻板行为的有用指标。此外，这种新的inchworming程序可能为研究人员提供的相关发育障碍，如房间隔缺损的重复运动行为的分析，一个额外的有价值的工具。

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inchworming: a novel motor stereotypy in the btbr t+ itpr3tf/j mouse model of autism

自闭症谱系障碍（ASD）是一种行为上定义的神经发育疾病的特点是减少社会互动，通讯异常，并不断重复的行为与限制的兴趣。作为诊断依据临床标准，这异质性疾病的任何可能有关的啮齿动物模型应该理想地复述这些不同的行为特征。该BTBR T + Itpr3 TF / J（BTBR）鼠标是房间隔缺损的建立动物模型，显示重复的行为，如增加疏导，以及认知缺乏灵活性。关于社会交往和兴趣，少年播放测试已受聘于房间隔缺损的多个啮齿动物模型。在这里，我们表明，当BTBR小鼠在含有木屑床上用品青少年社会交往的外壳进行测试，它们显示重复挖同步运动。这种重复的运动行为，称作“inchworming”，被评为因为由小鼠同时水平移动在地板上展出了运动的刻板性质。 Inchworming鼠标必须使用他们的脱颖而出和后肢的同步置换的床上用品，向内，一个向外运动执行最低之一。虽然两者BTBR和C56BL/6J（B6）小鼠表现出这种行为，BTBR小鼠表现出显著更高的持续时间inchworming和频率以及减少延迟启动时，放置在一个层状外壳inchworming。我们得出结论，这种新近被描述的行为提供了一个重复的马达刻板，可以在ASD的动物模型中很容易地测量的度量。

这里所描述的少年播放测试的修改后的版本可用于观察和分析新的重复挖掘行为称为inchworming。 Inchworming由BTBR小鼠比B6的控制表现出一个更大的程度。在一个典型的10分钟会议，BTBR老鼠会显示不同的inchworming行为（爪子同步向内和向外运动，以努力取代木屑床上用品）约5分钟，或一半的观察期。此外，潜伏期尺蠖是显著缩短为BTBR老鼠 - 它们通常会开始前10秒的记录会话的开始内inchworming。相比之下...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Inchworming: A Novel Motor Stereotypy in the BTBR T+ Itpr3tf/J Mouse Model of Autism at JoVE.com

Inchworming: A Novel Motor Stereotypy in the BTBR T+ Itpr3tf/J Mouse Model of Autism

Inchworming是BTBR T + Itpr 3TF / J（BTBR）小鼠时，放置在一个测试笼有足够的锯末床上用品显示高度重复挖同步运动。该程序是青少年社会交互协议的修改，并在这里被用来评估有关自闭症重复刻板电机。

Inchworming：一种新型电机刻板的BTBR<em&gt; T<sup&gt; +</sup&gt; Itpr3<sup&gt; TF</sup</em自闭症&gt; /系小鼠模型

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a behaviorally defined neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by decreased reciprocal social interaction, abnormal ...

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Inchworming: A Novel Motor Stereotypy in the BTBR T+ Itpr3tf/J Mouse Model of Autism

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