Name: isolation of cortical microglia with preserved immunophenotype and functionality from murine neonates
Uploaded: 2014-01-30T13:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Isolation of Cortical Microglia with Preserved Immunophenotype and Functionality From Murine Neonates at JoVE.com

Este trabalho foi financiado pelo NIEHS R01ES014470 (KMZ).

Antes de iniciar este protocolo, recolher os ratos neonatal nos dias pós-natal 1-3 (P1-3) em um recipiente estéril aninhados com roupa de cama gaiola original para proteção e calor. É importante trabalhar com rapidez e eficiência através deste protocolo para otimizar o rendimento da microglia. Por favor, consulte a Tabela 1 para a lista de reagentes completa. 1. Preparação de instrumentos, Meios de Cultura, e pratos <ol><li> Preparar 10 ml / filhote Microglia Meio...

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O presente processo oferece um método eficaz para o isolamento da microglia corticais de ratinhos neonatais. Este procedimento tem um benefício duplo de 1) a preservação imunofenotipagem microglia e funcionalidade, como determinado por imagiologia fluorescente, imunocitoquímica, e ELISA, e, 2), permitindo que a microglia para amadurecer na presença de outras células gliais (astrócitos e oligodentrocytes) antes isolamento, o que pode facilitar as interações célula-célula importantes durante o período de matu...

Células microgliais, os macrófagos de vigilância do parênquima do SNC, compreendem cerca de 12% da população total de células de cérebro de mamíferos adultos. Microglia são derivadas do saco vitelino mielóides células precursoras que variam em densidade celular e morfologia em diferentes regiões citoarquitecturais dentro do SNC adulto 1-5. Em um adulto saudável do cérebro, microglia são células pequenas, ramificadas ou polares, com processos dinâmicos finas. Em contraste com a morfologia dos macrófagos periférica, microglia demonstrar um repouso, fenótipo de baixo perfil em cérebros saudáveis ​​que podem aparecer como inatividade celular, no entanto, estudos in vivo de imagens demonstram que processos microgliais estender dinamicamente e retrair para monitorar seu microambiente de uma forma que lembra &quot; amostragem e levantamento &quot;6,7. Microglia são altamente responsivos e diferencialmente a alterações ambientais e fisiopatológicos no cérebro, a mudançaa partir de um vigilante de um estados considerados como seu repouso e activado comumente no estado efectoras, respectivamente. Esta chave na ativação pode ser mediada por um envolvimento de receptores ligados à membrana de reconhecimento de padrões (PRRs), tais como receptores toll-like (TLRs), que respondem a padrões moleculares associados a patógenos (PAMPs), lipoproteínas nomeadamente bacterianas e virais derivadas , ácidos nucleicos, hidratos de carbono e 8-11. Além de PAMPs, PRRs também foram mostrados para induzir a ativação da microglia contra moléculas estéreis, não patogênicas, conhecidos como padrões moleculares perigo / associado a danos (amortece), que representam uma perturbação na homeostase do SNC, tais como danos celulares 12-16. Uma vez envolvido, PRRs iniciar uma cascata de sinalização intracelular, que resulta em alterações na morfologia celular e a expressão do gene da microglia, mais especificamente, a microglia activada adaptar um fenótipo amebóides semelhante, translocar o p65 de NF-kB subunidade (p65) para o núcleo da célula, e regula positivamente a producção e secreção de citocinas pró-inflamatórias, tais como fator de necrose tumoral-α (TNF-α), interleucina-1 β (IL-1β), juntamente com espécies reativas de oxigênio (ROS) 16-24. Embora integrante da resposta imune inata do sistema nervoso central, estas moléculas segregadas também foram encontradas para aumentar o stress oxidativo neuronal, induzindo e exacerbar a neurodegeneração em estados patológicos, tais como a doença de Parkinson e doença de Alzheimer 25-29. No entanto, os mecanismos de ativação da microglia em estados patológicos não estão completamente esclarecidos. Portanto, o isolamento de microglia é uma poderosa ferramenta de investigação para esses processos biológicos, como muitos em características in vivo de ativação da microglia pode ser reproduzido na cultura. Vários métodos estão disponíveis para o isolamento de microglia, incluindo o isolamento por meio de um gradiente de Percoll a seguir à digestão enzimática de tecido do SNC 30,31. No entanto, a digestão enzimática pode alterara imunofenotipagem de células por redução da superfície da célula expressão de antigénios de 32, e resulta na produção de células por animal menor do que o método aqui descrito. Especificamente, nós relatamos um rendimento médio por microglia filhote córtex de 7,5 x 10 5 células, enquanto anteriormente relatados métodos de isolamento de todo CNS através de um gradiente de Percoll rendimento 3-5 x 10 5 células 30,33,34. O presente processo evita a utilização de enzimas de digestão, isolando microglia com base nas suas propriedades de baixa aderência, preservando assim a imunofenotipagem da microglia e funcionalidade. No presente estudo, descrevemos o isolamento de células microgliais de culturas mistas gliais derivadas de heterozigotos CX3CR1-GFP (CX3CR1-GFP + / -) neonatal e C57BL / 6 córtices murino via agitação mecânica num agitador rotativo, uma extensão do anteriormente método publicado 24,35. Nós utilizamos o ex-tensão do mouse para fácil visualização da microglia, comoestes ratinhos expressam GFP sob o controlo do locus endógeno CX3CR1 - um promotor específico de monócitos 36-38. Este método produz culturas microgliais altamente puros com um imunofenotipagem conservados ex vivo, como demonstrado por alterações morfológicas, a translocação nuclear de p65, e a secreção de TNF-α quando desafiados com o lipopolissacarídeo bacteriano (LPS) ou Pam 3 CSK 4, TLR4 e TLR1 / 2 agonistas , respectivamente.

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			<td height="160" style="height:160px;width:233px;">Glucose</td>
			<td style="width:149px;">Sigma</td>
			<td style="width:155px;">G8270</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">Make 20% Stock Solution with MilliQ water; filter sterilize; store at 4 &#176;C; shelf life: 3-6 months. Used to make MCM and MGM.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="60">
			<td height="60" style="height:60px;width:233px;">Sodium pyruvate 100 mM (100x)</td>
			<td style="width:149px;">Hyclone</td>
			<td style="width:155px;">SH30239.01</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">Store at 4 &#176;C. Used to make MCM and MGM.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="80">
			<td height="80" style="height:80px;width:233px;">Penicillin/Streptomycin 10,000 units/ml (100x)</td>
			<td style="width:149px;">Gibco</td>
			<td style="width:155px;">15140-122</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">Store at -20 &#176;C. Used to make MCM, MGM, MM, and DM.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="60">
			<td height="60" style="height:60px;width:233px;">L-glutamine 200 mM (100x)</td>
			<td style="width:149px;">Gibco</td>
			<td style="width:155px;">25030-081</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">Store at -20 &#176;C. Used to make MCM and MGM.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="80">
			<td height="80" style="height:80px;width:233px;">Fetal Bovine Serum (Defined)</td>
			<td style="width:149px;">Hyclone</td>
			<td style="width:155px;">SH30070.03</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">Filter sterilize; store at -20 &#176;C. Used to make MCM and MGM.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="120">
			<td height="120" style="height:120px;width:233px;">Minimum Essential Medium Earle&#39;s (MEM)</td>
			<td style="width:149px;">Cellgro</td>
			<td style="width:155px;">15-010-CV</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">Without L-glutamine. Contains Earle&#39;s salts. Used to make MCM, MGM, and DM.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="80">
			<td height="80" style="height:80px;width:233px;">Horse Serum</td>
			<td style="width:149px;">Gibco</td>
			<td style="width:155px;">16050</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">Filter sterilize; store at -20 &#176;C. Used to make MCM and MGM.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="80">
			<td height="80" style="height:80px;width:233px;">Hanks&#39; Balanced Salt Solution (HBSS)</td>
			<td style="width:149px;">Cellgro</td>
			<td style="width:155px;">21-021-CV</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">Without calcium and magnesium. Store at 4 &#176;C. Used to make MM.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="40">
			<td height="40" style="height:40px;width:233px;">HEPES 1 M</td>
			<td style="width:149px;">Gibco</td>
			<td style="width:155px;">15630-031</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">Store at 4 &#176;C. Used to make MM.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:233px;">T-75 Flask</td>
			<td style="width:149px;">Corning</td>
			<td style="width:155px;">430641</td>
			<td style="width:143px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="40">
			<td height="40" style="height:40px;width:233px;">4&#39;,6-Diamidino-2-Phenylindole, dilactate (DAPI)</td>
			<td style="width:149px;">Invitrogen</td>
			<td style="width:155px;">D3571</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">Used to stain cell nucleus.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="60">
			<td height="60" style="height:60px;width:233px;">Rabbit anti-Iba1</td>
			<td style="width:149px;">Wako</td>
			<td style="width:155px;">019-19741</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">Used at 1/750 dilution for ICC staining of Iba1.&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="60">
			<td height="60" style="height:60px;width:233px;">Rabbit anti-NF&#954;B (p65)</td>
			<td style="width:149px;">Abcam</td>
			<td style="width:155px;">7970</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">Used at 1/1250 dilution for ICC staining for p65.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="100">
			<td height="100" style="height:100px;width:233px;">Alexafluor 594 Goat anti-Rabbit IgG (H+L)</td>
			<td style="width:149px;">Invitrogen</td>
			<td style="width:155px;">A11012</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">Used at 1/1000 dilution for visualization of antigen:antibody complex in ICC.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="40">
			<td height="40" style="height:40px;width:233px;">10 ml Disposable Serological Pipet</td>
			<td style="width:149px;">Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:155px;">13-678-11E</td>
			<td style="width:143px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="40">
			<td height="40" style="height:40px;width:233px;">50 ml Disposable Centrifuge Tube</td>
			<td style="width:149px;">Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:155px;">05-539-8</td>
			<td style="width:143px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="40">
			<td height="40" style="height:40px;width:233px;">15 ml Disposible Centrifuge Tube</td>
			<td style="width:149px;">Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:155px;">05-539-12</td>
			<td style="width:143px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:233px;">Sterile Polystyrene Petri Dish</td>
			<td style="width:149px;">Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:155px;">875713</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">100 mm x 15 mm</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="40">
			<td height="40" style="height:40px;width:233px;">Scissor: Straight Metzembaum (scissor #1)</td>
			<td style="width:149px;">Roboz Surgical</td>
			<td style="width:155px;">RS-6010</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">1; 5 inch; used for removing head</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="80">
			<td height="80" style="height:80px;width:233px;">Scissor: Vannas 
			(scissor #2)</td>
			<td style="width:149px;">Fine Science Tools</td>
			<td style="width:155px;">15000-08</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">1; non-angled; 2.5mm cutting edge; used to open scalp</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="40">
			<td height="40" style="height:40px;width:233px;">Scissor: Student Vannas (scissor #3)</td>
			<td style="width:149px;">Fine Science Tools</td>
			<td style="width:155px;">91501-09</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">1; curved; used to mince brain tissue</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="60">
			<td height="60" style="height:60px;width:233px;">Forcep: Dumont #7 
			(forcep #1)</td>
			<td style="width:149px;">Fine Science Tools</td>
			<td style="width:155px;">91197-00</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">2; used to secure nose and remove cortices&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="40">
			<td height="40" style="height:40px;width:233px;">Forcep: Dumont #2 
			(forcep #2)</td>
			<td style="width:149px;">Fine Science Tools</td>
			<td style="width:155px;">11223-20</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">1; used to remove scalp</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="40">
			<td height="40" style="height:40px;width:233px;">Forcep: Dumont #3 
			(forcep #3)</td>
			<td style="width:149px;">Fine Science Tools</td>
			<td style="width:155px;">11231-30</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">1; used to remove skull</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="40">
			<td height="40" style="height:40px;width:233px;">Forcep: Dumont #5a 
			(forcep #4)</td>
			<td style="width:149px;">Fine Science Tools</td>
			<td style="width:155px;">11253-21</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">1; used to remove meninges</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;"></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;"></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Table of specific equipment</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:233px;">Name of Equipment</td>
			<td style="width:149px;">Name of Company</td>
			<td style="width:155px;">Catalogue Number</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">Comments</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="80">
			<td height="80" style="height:80px;width:233px;">Zoom Stereo Dissection Microscope&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:149px;">Olympus</td>
			<td style="width:155px;">SZ4060</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">Microscope is placed inside Laminar-Horizontal Flow Cabinet</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="40">
			<td height="40" style="height:40px;width:233px;">Laminar-Horizontal Flow Cabinet</td>
			<td style="width:149px;">Nuaire</td>
			<td style="width:155px;">NU-201-330</td>
			<td style="width:143px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:233px;">Biological Safety Cabinet</td>
			<td style="width:149px;">Labconco</td>
			<td style="width:155px;">3440001</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">Class II</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="46">
			<td height="46" style="height:46px;width:233px;">Water-Jacketed CO2 Incubator</td>
			<td style="width:149px;">VWR</td>
			<td>97025-836</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">Set to 37 &#176;C, 5% CO2</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="40">
			<td height="40" style="height:40px;width:233px;">Swing-out buckets</td>
			<td style="width:149px;">Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>75006441</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">To be used with Swing-out rotor</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="40">
			<td height="40" style="height:40px;width:233px;">Swing-out Rotor</td>
			<td style="width:149px;">Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>75006445</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">Max Radius: 19.2 (cm)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="40">
			<td height="40" style="height:40px;width:233px;">Sorvall Legend RT+ Centrifuge 
			(clinical centrifuge)</td>
			<td style="width:149px;">Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>75-004-377</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">With swing-out rotor</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="80">
			<td height="80" style="height:80px;width:233px;">AccuSpin Micro 17 microcentrifuge 
			(tabletop microcentrifuge)</td>
			<td style="width:149px;">Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>S98645</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">With microliter rotor (24 x 1.5/2.0 ml; 
			Cat #: 75003524)&#160;&#160;</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

isolation of cortical microglia with preserved immunophenotype and functionality from murine neonates

Isolamento de microglia de tecido do SNC é um poderoso instrumento de investigação utilizado para estudar biologia microglial ex vivo. O presente método de detalhes de um procedimento para o isolamento da microglia de córtices murino neonatal por agitação mecânica com um agitador rotativo. Esse isolamento microglia método produz microglia corticais altamente puras que apresentam características morfológicas e funcionais indicativos de microglia quiescentes em condições não patológicas normais in vivo. Este procedimento também preserva a imunofenotipagem da microglia e funcionalidade bioquímica como demonstrado pela indução de alterações morfológicas, translocação nuclear da subunidade p65 de NF-kB (p65), e a secreção de citoquina pró-inflamatória característica, fator de necrose tumoral-α (TNF-α ), ao lipopolissacarídeo (LPS) e Pam 3 CSK 4 (Pam) desafios. Portanto, o processo de isolamento do presente preserva a imunofenotipagem de ambos quiescente e actimicroglia motivadas, proporcionando um método experimental de investigação de biologia microglia em condições ex vivo.

Mantendo a imunofenotipagem e funcionalidade da microglia ex vivo durante o isolamento é importante ser capaz de utilizar essas células como um modelo de investigação para a biologia da microglia. A fim de demonstrar a conservação bem sucedida da microglia immunofunctionality usando o presente método, foram isoladas a partir de recém-nascidos microglia corticais P3 (CX3CR1-GFP + / - C57BL / 6) e as culturas tratadas quer com LPS ou Pam. Como ilustrado na F...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Isolation of Cortical Microglia with Preserved Immunophenotype and Functionality From Murine Neonates at JoVE.com

Isolation of Cortical Microglia with Preserved Immunophenotype and Functionality From Murine Neonates

Uma chave para o sucesso na investigação de biologia da microglia é a preservação do immunofunction microglial ex vivo durante o isolamento a partir de tecido do SNC. Isolando microglia através de resultados de agitação rotativos em culturas de células altamente puras e imuno avaliado pela imagem fluorescente, imunocitoquímica e ELISA após a ativação da microglia com o lipopolissacarídeo estímulos pró-inflamatória (LPS) e Pam 3 CSK 4 (Pam).

Isolamento de Cortical Microglia com Imunofenótipo preservada e funcionalidades de murino Os recém-nascidos

Isolation of microglia from CNS tissue is a powerful investigative tool used to study microglial biology ex vivo. The present method details a procedure ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Immunology and Infection

Primary Microglia Isolation from Mixed Glial Cell Cultures of Neonatal Rat Brain Tissue

Isolamento Microglia primária a partir de cultura mista de células gliais de tecido de cérebro de rato neonatal

Microglia account for approximately 12% of the  total cellular population in the mammalian brain. While neurons and astrocytes are considered  the major ...

Imunologia e Infecção

Isolation, Processing and Analysis of Murine Gingival Cells

Isolamento, processamento e análise de células gengivais murino

We have developed a technique to precisely isolate and process murine gingival tissue for flow cytometry and molecular studies. The gingiva is a unique ...

Culturing Microglia from the Neonatal and Adult Central Nervous System

Microglia cultura do Sistema Nervoso Central Neonatal e Adulto

Microglia are the resident macrophage-like cells of the central nervous system (CNS) and, as such, have critically important roles in physiological and ...

Isolation, Identification, and Purification of Murine Thymic Epithelial Cells

Isolamento, identificação e purificação de células epiteliais do timo murino

The thymus is a vital organ for T lymphocyte development. Of thymic stromal cells, thymic epithelial cells (TECs) are particularly crucial at multiple ...

Isolation of Murine Lymph Node Stromal Cells

Isolamento de Murino Linfonodo células estromais

Secondary lymphoid organs including lymph nodes are composed of stromal cells that provide a structural environment for homeostasis, activation and ...

Isolation and Transplantation of Different Aged Murine Thymic Grafts.

Isolamento e Transplante de diferentes envelhecidas murino tímicos enxertos.

The mechanisms that regulate the efficacy of thymic selection remain ill-defined. The method presented here allows in vivo analyses of the development and ...

Isolation of Leukocytes from the Murine Tissues at the Maternal-Fetal Interface

Isolamento de Leucócitos a partir de tecidos de murino na interface materno-fetal

Immune tolerance in pregnancy requires that the immune system of the mother undergoes distinctive changes in order to accept and nurture the developing ...

Isolation and Activation of Murine Lymphocytes

Isolamento e Activação de Linfócitos murinos

B and T cells, with their extremely diverse antigen-receptor repertoires, have the ability to mount specific immune responses against almost any invading ...