Name: imaging cell membrane injury and subcellular processes involved in repair
Uploaded: 2014-03-24T20:45:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Imaging Cell Membrane Injury and Subcellular Processes Involved in Repair at JoVE.com

这项工作是由卫生部资助AR055686和AR060836和博士后研究全国学院公元法国肌肉萎缩症协会（AFM）的支持。在这项研究中所采用的细胞成像设备是由卫生赠款HD040677国家机构的支持。

1。成像细胞膜修复使用散装（玻璃珠）伤人该协议允许单独标记损伤的细胞和那些不能愈合。定量细胞的这些人群需要使用的三个条件：1。测试（C1）， -使细胞修复的Ca 2 +，2的存在下进行。控制1（无损伤C2） -孵育细胞中的Ca 2 +的存在下，但没有受伤，和3。控制2（无修复C 3） -允许细胞来修复在没有Ca 2 +的。 <ol><li>生长细胞&gt; 50％汇合三个无菌?...

<ol>
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细胞膜损伤体内发生是由于多种生理应激源和几个实验方法已被开发来模仿这些。这些措施包括通过刮不送的菜，或者通过一个狭窄的孔注射器9,10打伤传代贴壁细胞的细胞膜。下面这种伤害的细胞愈合悬挂和不粘附到细胞外基质，因为他们通常做的组织。还有一些人，如使用成孔毒素通过提取脂质如胆固醇化学改变细胞膜，因此不模仿体内的机械性损伤5。因此，用?...

细胞膜保持细胞通过在细胞和胞外环境之间的屏障的完整性。化学，电或机械的刺激超过了正常的生理阈以及入侵的病原体的存在下可以将每个结果在伤到细胞膜，并触发随后的细胞反应来修复这种损伤。生存这些损伤细胞膜，细胞具有一个有效的机制进行维修。这种机制是钙依赖性，涉及蛋白质，如膜联 ​​蛋白和MG53细胞内贩卖（其中包括）以及亚细胞区室，如内涵体，溶酶体，高尔基体衍生的囊泡，线粒体的损伤细胞膜1-7。然而，参与修复受损的细胞膜分子和亚细胞的事件序列的细节仍然知之甚少。 细胞的修复反应可划分为耳LY和晚期反应。早期反应，在几秒钟内所发生到几分钟的时间尺度，是决定导致细胞成功修复或细胞死亡延迟响应的性质极为重要。基于大宗生物化学和细胞分析终点检测有助于建立维修分子和细胞过程的参与。但是，由于细胞修复反应的异质性和快速性，终点测定法不能提供导致修复事件序列的动能和空间细节。方法，使细胞膜的损伤控制，并允许监控细胞膜修复和高空间分辨率和时间分辨率相关的亚细胞的反应，非常适合这类研究。在这里，这种方法已被提出。两个协议的描述方法来监测细胞膜修复以下激光注入电流的实时动力学和活细胞的修复过程相关的细胞内反应URY。作为补充，这些活细胞成像的基础的分析，终点测定法也已被描述，提供了一个基于人口的措施为单个细胞和相关的细胞内反应的监测维修。证明其效用这些方法已被用于监测贩卖和溶酶体的胞吐响应于细胞膜损伤。

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="814" fo:keep-together.within-page="always">
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>HBSS</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>H1387</td>
			<td>Used to prepare CIM (HBSS/10 mM Hepes/2 mM Ca2+ pH 7.4)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>HEPES</td>
			<td>Fisher</td>
			<td>BP410</td>
			<td>Used to prepare CIM (HBSS/10 mM Hepes/2 mM Ca2+ pH 7.4)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>FITC dextran (Lysine fixable)</td>
			<td>Invitrogen</td>
			<td>D1820</td>
			<td>2 mg/ml in CIM or PBS</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Glass beads</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>G8772</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>TRITC dextran (Lysine fixable)</td>
			<td>Invitrogen</td>
			<td>D1818</td>
			<td>2 mg/ml in CIM or PBS</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>PFA 16%</td>
			<td>EMS</td>
			<td>15710</td>
			<td>4% in PBS</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Hoechst</td>
			<td>Invitrogen</td>
			<td>H3570</td>
			<td>1/10 000 in PBS</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>FM dye</td>
			<td>Invitrogen</td>
			<td>T3163</td>
			<td>1 &#181;g/&#181;l in CIM or PBS</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>FITC dextran</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>FD40S</td>
			<td>2 mg/ml in growth medium</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>LAMP1&#160;</td>
			<td>Santa Cruz</td>
			<td>sc-19992</td>
			<td>1/300 in growth medium</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Alexa Fluor 488 chicken anti-rat IgG</td>
			<td>Invitrogen</td>
			<td>A21470</td>
			<td>1/500 in blocking solution</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Mounting media</td>
			<td>Dako</td>
			<td>S3023</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Coverslips</td>
			<td>Fisher</td>
			<td>12-545-86</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Glass bottom petridish</td>
			<td>MatTek corporation</td>
			<td>P35G-1.0-14-C</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Silicone O ring</td>
			<td>Bellco</td>
			<td>1943-33315</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Coverslip holder</td>
			<td>Bellco</td>
			<td>1943-11111</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Invitrogen</td>
			<td>A-7816</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>DMEM</td>
			<td>VWR</td>
			<td>12001-566</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>FBS</td>
			<td>VWR</td>
			<td>MP1400-500H</td>
			<td>Used for growth medium: 10% FBS, 1% P/S in DMEM</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Penicillin/Sreptomycin</td>
			<td>VWR</td>
			<td>12001-350</td>
			<td>Used for growth medium: 10% FBS, 1% P/S in DMEM</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Chicken serum</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>C5405</td>
			<td>5% chicken serum in CIM is used for blocking solution during immunostaining</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>PBS (Ca2+ and Mg2+ free)</td>
			<td>VWR</td>
			<td>12001-664</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Epifluorescence microscope</td>
			<td>Olympus America, PA</td>
			<td>IX81</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>TIRF illuminator&#160;</td>
			<td>Olympus America, PA</td>
			<td>Cell^TIRF (IEC60825-1:2007)</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Epifluorescence illuminator</td>
			<td>Sutter Instruments, Novato CA</td>
			<td>Lambda DG-4 (DG-4 30)</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>CCD Camera</td>
			<td>Photometrics, Tucson, AZ</td>
			<td>Evolve 512 EMCCD&#160;</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Image acquisition and anaysis software</td>
			<td>Intelligent Imaging Innovations, Inc. Denver, CO</td>
			<td>Slidebook 5</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Pulsed laser</td>
			<td>Intelligent Imaging Innovations, Inc. Denver, CO</td>
			<td>Ablate (3iL13)</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Stage top incubator</td>
			<td>Tokaihit, Japan</td>
			<td>INUBG2ASFP-ZILCS</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

imaging cell membrane injury and subcellular processes involved in repair

损伤的细胞的愈合的能力是一个基本的细胞过程，而且参与愈合损伤的细胞的细胞和分子机制知之甚少。这里分析的描述来监测培养细胞的愈合下面的本地化损伤的能力和动力学。第一个协议描述终点为基础的方法来同时评估数百个细胞的细胞膜修复能力。第二协议描述了一种实时成像的方法来监测细胞膜修复中的单个细胞在与脉冲激光局部的损伤的动力学。由于愈合受伤的细胞涉及贩卖人口特异性蛋白和亚细胞对损伤的部位，第三协议描述了使用上述终点为基础的方法，以数百细胞的损伤评估这样一个拐卖事件（溶酶体胞吐作用），同时，最后协议介绍了利用脉冲激光损伤与全内反射荧光显微镜在一起复制并监控在损伤的细胞在高空间和时间分辨率个别亚细胞区室的动力学。而这里的协议描述了使用这些方法来研究之间细胞膜修复和培养的肌细胞溶酶体的胞吐作用的链接，他们可以作为这样的其他任何贴壁培养的细胞和所选择的亚细胞区室施加。

这里所描述的单细胞成像协议是监测细胞膜修复的能力和动力学（协议1和2）和修复过程中细胞内贩运和融合溶酶体（协议3和4）。 协议1显示了批量试验，允许标记所有受损细胞，并确定那些受伤的细胞，无法修复。在图1中显示的结果是，虽然未受伤的细胞（ 图1A）保持未标记的细胞通过玻璃珠中的FITC葡聚糖的存在受伤被标记为绿色（ 图1B</st...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Imaging Cell Membrane Injury and Subcellular Processes Involved in Repair at JoVE.com

Imaging Cell Membrane Injury and Subcellular Processes Involved in Repair

愈合损伤的细胞的过程中涉及到贩卖特异性蛋白和亚细胞区室中的细胞膜损伤的部位。本协议描述分析，以监测这些进程。

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