Name: fast imaging technique to study drop impact dynamics of non-newtonian fluids
Uploaded: 2014-03-05T16:30:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Fast Imaging Technique to Study Drop Impact Dynamics of Non-Newtonian Fluids at JoVE.com

由于温迪张，Luuk吕贝尔斯，马克Miskin和米歇尔斯科尔为帮助准备实验样品许多有益的讨论和泣涕郭。这项工作是由下批准号：DMR-0820054美国国家科学基金会的MRSEC计划的支持。

1。快速成像设置（参见图1） <ol><li>首先设置一个垂直轨道沿该容器充满了被研究的流体可以自由移动，以调节冲击速度。流体离开该容器的底部通过一喷嘴，然后进入自由落下。对这项工作的下落高度从1-200厘米变化，得到的冲击速度V 0 =（0.4-6.3）±0.15米/秒。 </li><li>构造和安装框架保持水平冲击面，典型地为玻璃板，根据该倾斜的反射镜被定位为从底部可视化的压降的影响。 </li><li>?...

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几个步骤是为快速成像的正确执行是至关重要的。首先，照相机和透镜必须进行适当的设置和校准。特别是，为了得到高的空间分辨率，该透镜的复制比例必须保持接近1:1。这是致密混悬剂的可视化特别重要。另外，孔径大小需要慎重选择用于成像。例如，观测从总体上侧需要一个较长的景深，因此较小的光圈尺寸。以保持视频的亮度，需要增加曝光时间，从而降低帧速率（〜6000帧）。相比之下...

落锤冲击到固体表面是在涉及电子制造1，喷涂2，和添加剂制造使用喷墨打印3,4，其中下降的精确控制扩散和飞溅需要许多应用中的关键过程。然而，直接观察的下落冲击，原因有二技术上具有挑战性。首先，这是发生的时间尺度内过短（约100微秒），也可以通过常规的成像系统，如光学显微镜和数码单反相机容易想像，一个复杂的动态过程。闪光照相罐的过程图像快得多，但不允许进行连续记录，根据需要为随时间的演变的详细的分析。第二，引起不稳定性的影响的长度规模可以小到10微米5。因此，定量研究的影响过程，结合超快成像以及合理的高空间分辨率的系统往往是所需。如果没有这样的制度，对液滴撞击早期的工作主要集中在6-8冲击后，全球的几何变形，但无法收集有关早期信息，以影响相关的非平衡过程，如飞溅的发作。在流体中9,12中的CMOS高速摄像的最新进展，推动了帧速率最高可达百万fps和曝光时间下低于1微秒。此外，新开发的CCD成像技术可以推动帧速率远高于百万FPS 9-12。另一方面空间分辨率，可提高到使用放大镜12 1微米/像素的顺序。因此，它已成为可能的空前细致的探讨范围广泛的物理参数对压降的影响不同阶段的影响，并系统地比较实验和理论5,13-16。例如，在牛顿流体飞溅转变是缶次由大气压力5进行设置，而本征的流变决定的屈服应力流体17的扩展动态。 这里提供一个简单但功能强大的快速成像技术被引入并应用于研究两种类型的非牛顿流体的冲击动力学：液态金属和密密麻麻的悬浮液。与暴露于空气中，基本上所有的液体金属（汞除外）会自发形成在其表面上的氧化皮。机械地，皮肤被发现以改变有效的表面张力和金属18的润湿能力。在过去的研究15，几个作者的研究传播过程定量，并能解释趋肤效应影响冲击动力学，与碰撞参数的最大扩散半径，特别是缩放。因为液态金属具有高的表面反射率，仔细调整照明的需要在成像。停学一再在液体组成的小颗粒。即使是简单的牛顿 ​​流体，增加了粒子效果在非牛顿流体特性，成为在密集的悬浮液， 即在悬浮颗粒的高体积分数尤为突出。特别是，在发病飞溅时悬挂液滴撞击光滑，坚硬的表面，研究了以前的工作16。这两种液体粒子与粒子间的相互作用可以从什么可能从简单的液体预期显著改变飞溅的行为。来跟踪颗粒小至80微米的在这些实验中，需要很高的空间分辨率。 各种技术要求，如高时空分辨率，以及对观察无论是从侧面和下方的影响的能力的组合，都可以满意这里所描述的成像设置。通过以下的标准协议，如下所述，冲击动力学可以是不变拟tigated以受控的方式，以明确示出用于扩展和飞溅的行为。

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="width:604px;" width="605">
	<colgroup>
		<col />
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		<col />
		<col />
	</colgroup>
	<tbody>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:216px;">Name of Material/ Equipment</td>
			<td style="width:103px;">Company</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">Catalog Number</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">Comments/Description</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Gallium-Indium Eutectic</td>
			<td>Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td>495425-25G</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Hydrochloric Acid&#160;</td>
			<td>Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td>320331-2.5L</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Zirconium oxide</td>
			<td>Glen Mills Inc.</td>
			<td>7200</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Phantom V12 &#38; V7 Fast Ccamera</td>
			<td>Vision Research</td>
			<td>N/A</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">105mm Micro-Nikon</td>
			<td>Nikon</td>
			<td>N/A</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">12V/200W light Source</td>
			<td>Dedolight</td>
			<td>N/A</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Syringe Pump</td>
			<td>RAZEL</td>
			<td>MODEL R9-9E</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
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fast imaging technique to study drop impact dynamics of non-newtonian fluids

在流体力学领域，许多动力学过程，不仅发生在一个很短的时间间隔，但也需要高空间分辨率的详细观测，场景，使其具有挑战性，观察其与传统的成像系统。其中之一是液体的落下冲击，这通常在毫秒的十分之一发生。为了应对这一挑战，快速成像技术被引入，结合了高速摄像机（可高达每秒一百万帧）的微距镜头具有长工作距离，使图像的空间分辨率降低到10微米/像素。成像技术使得相关的流体动力学数量时，如流场，扩散距离和飞溅速度的精确测量，从所记录的视频的分析。为了证明这种可视化系统的功能，当非牛顿流体液滴撞击到坚硬的平面上的冲击动力学是characterized。两种情况考虑：对于氧化液态金属液滴我们专注于传播行为，并密密麻麻悬浮我们判断飞溅的发生。更一般地，在这里介绍了高时空分辨率的成像相结合的优势，提供跨多种微尺度现象研究快速动态。

在快速成像技术可以被用于量化扩频和飞溅的各种影响的情况。 图4（a）中 ，例如，示出了具有不同氧化皮强度为液体EGAIN典型影响图像序列。通过从相同的喷嘴，并在同一高度落下喷射EGAIN，液滴具有可重复的冲击速度V 0 = 1.02±0.12米/秒和半径R 0 = 6.25±0.10毫米的生成。左栏显示的空气氧化EGAIN下降，酸不预洗的影响。形成一条长尾巴在下落的顶端，当流体从喷嘴分离...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Fast Imaging Technique to Study Drop Impact Dynamics of Non-Newtonian Fluids at JoVE.com

Fast Imaging Technique to Study Drop Impact Dynamics of Non-Newtonian Fluids

快速成像技术来研究非牛顿流体的跌落冲击动力学

的非牛顿流体压降的影响是一个复杂的过程，因为不同的物理参数在很短的时间（毫秒的不到十分之一）影响的动态。一种快速成像技术以表征不同的非牛顿流体的冲击行为引入。

In the field of fluid mechanics, many dynamical processes not only occur over a very short time interval but also require high spatial resolution for ...

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Film Control to Study Contributions of Waves to Droplet Impact Dynamics on Thin Flowing Liquid Films

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