Name: who is who? non-invasive methods to individually sex and mark altricial chicks
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Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Who is Who? Non-invasive Methods to Individually Sex and Mark Altricial Chicks at JoVE.com

非常感谢西尔克咸鱼，莎拉·基弗，迈克尔·韦斯的Conny BARTSCH和西尔克福格特 - Heucke在现场热烈的样本采集，以Janett比肯费尔德为继续提供援助，以乌拉Kobalz为美丽的凝胶和托比亚斯克劳斯的道义上的支持。

所有的程序均符合动物保护（TierSchG）德国法律执行。 试剂和消耗品的1。准备<ol><li>准备在分子级水5％（W / W）CHELEX-100的解决方案。准备200μl，以标准的1.5毫升的反应管等分。由于CHELEX树脂沉淀快起停牌，有必要重新同质化的不断暂停等分试样的制备过程中。这是可取的制备50毫升或多个在一个批次中，并保持该悬浮液用磁力搅拌器均质化。该CHELEX溶液可保存几年在环境条?...

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Resour. 11, 415-417 (2011).</li><li>Arima, H., Ohnishi, N. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Usefulness+of+avian+buccal+cells+for+molecular+sexing.">Usefulness of avian buccal cells for molecular sexing.</a> Ornithological Science. 5, 139-143 (2006).</li><li>Seki, S. -. I. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Molecular+sexing+of+individual+Ryukyu+Robins+Erithacus+komadori+using+buccal+cells+as+a+non-invasive+source+of+DNA.">Molecular sexing of individual Ryukyu Robins Erithacus komadori using buccal cells as a non-invasive source of DNA.</a> Ornithological Science. 2, 135-137 (2003).</li><li>Wellbrock, A. H. 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使用CHELEX口腔拭子性别鉴定表现出非常高的成功率。切割幼体羽绒羽毛启用雏鸟之间的差异，直到腿带是可能的。 从口腔拭子CHELEX-DNA的提取产生足够的DNA，成功地进行分子性别鉴定。性别决定是100％正确的，因为验证的性别二态性的羽毛。这里报道的成功率明显高于报道的前两个研究7,9率较高。该DNA提取与CHELEX最大限度地减少它的原料可能会丢失移液和沉淀步骤。?...

个体识别，性别鉴定和基因分型是在各种实验研究的基本先决条件。获得的DNA轴承材料和标识对象明确（即使在早期的年龄）应该有生理，行为和生存的影响微乎其微。只要有可能，侵入性操作应根据存款准备金率原则1是可以避免的。 非侵入性的方法不仅有利于动物，但也可能会提高所获得的数据作为动物较少受到处理。 在鸟类中，DNA绝育可以对一些非侵入性地获得的材料如粪便2，羽毛3,4或口腔拭子3,5,9进行。无论拍摄对象的状况和年龄口腔拭子是禽流性别鉴定方法的选择，因为它们很容易进行，很少不和处理是短暂的。 到目前为止，从口腔拭子DNA用市售试剂盒3,6或耗时标准的DNA提取方案3,6-8中任一萃取。工具包不仅是相当昂贵的，但他们的协议可以并处挑战野外作业。一些程序细节， 如干燥和样品的培养，是不实际的领域。特别是在实验方案需要性取决于治疗从早在几分钟后的阴影的设定，有督促进行快速，非侵入性，可靠和容易的方法得到的结果。 在整个禽流类群相当工具箱标志着个人已经发展10。可用技术的广泛约占各种研究目标，物种和预算。然而，标志着小雏鸟已面临研究人员更多的挑战。在一些物种（ 如燕雀）雏鸟太小，适用腿带和需要替代方法，这不改变亲子行为。由于意识和改善动物福利和实地和实验室研究技术的兴趣不断增长，使用非侵入性技术被大力鼓励和首选。 该协议提供了一种非侵入性，快速，易于辨认和持久的方法运用腿带之前，单独标记非常年轻的雏鸟是可行的。此标记方法介绍了一个最重要的禽流感的实验室模型的物种，斑胸草雀（Taeniopygia弄蝶 ）11-13。该协议符合所有的个人标记技术对10先前公布的目标，并已经被成功地应用于14,15。

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="702">
	<tbody>
		<tr height="75">
			<td height="75" style="height:75px;width:191px;">Whatman 3MM Chromatography paper</td>
			<td style="width:163px;">e.g. Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:269px;">No.:3030-153</td>
			<td style="width:80px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="25">
			<td height="25" style="height:25px;width:191px;">Chelex 100 Resin</td>
			<td style="width:163px;">Biorad</td>
			<td style="width:269px;">#143-2832</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="50">
			<td height="50" style="height:50px;width:191px;">Taq polymerase</td>
			<td style="width:163px;">addgene</td>
			<td style="width:269px;">http://www.addgene.org/25712/</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="75">
			<td height="75" style="height:75px;width:191px;">leg band (Flexi number rings for birds, diameter 2,5 mm)</td>
			<td style="width:163px;">Horst Stengel &#38; Sohn</td>
			<td style="width:269px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

who is who? non-invasive methods to individually sex and mark altricial chicks

许多实验需要及早确定后代的性别以及早期新生儿标记为个人的认可。根据动物福利指导方针​​，非侵入性技术，应首选（倘适用）。在我们的团队，我们工作在不同的曲种鸟类在实验室和现场，而我们成功地应用非侵入性的方法，以性别和单独标记小鸡。本文提出了一种综合性的非侵入性的工具盒。绝育鸟类之前第二性性状的表达需要DNA的轴承材料用于PCR的集合。我们通过提取来自口腔拭子DNA建立了一个快速简便的方法对任何年龄（孵化后）的性鸟类。结果可以在3小时内获得。对于个别标志着小鸡羽绒羽毛被修剪的具体模式允许孵化秩序内快速识别。这套方法是简单地适用于配备标准实验室和特别适合干活在该领域，因为没有专用设备克所需的采样和存储。处理雏鸡的最小化和标记和性别鉴定技术是无创性，从而支持动物福利指导方针​​的存款准备金率原则。

<html>口腔拭子可以用来提取DNA进行性别鉴定中的各种小鸟的 ，加那利群岛（Serinus加那利岛 ），孟加拉雀（ 白腰文鸟芨 ），南丁格尔（ 红点megarhynchos），大山雀（ 大山雀 ）和黑鹂（ 鸫 -样品采自斑胸草雀（5年Taeniopygia雀，99个人，年龄零天）收集merula）（所有其他物种：样本大小1-3，年龄不详）（ 图1）。 <p class...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Who is Who? Non-invasive Methods to Individually Sex and Mark Altricial Chicks at JoVE.com

Who is Who? Non-invasive Methods to Individually Sex and Mark Altricial Chicks

谁是谁？非侵入性的方法，以个别性和马克晚成小鸡

该协议提供了一套便捷的方法，使极为快速，简便，无创，可靠，成本低，分子性别鉴定鸟类和它们的无创，快速，安全，易于辨认孵化后不久标记。仅限雏鸡的处理是必需的。的方法，这种方便的工具箱完全符合RRR-指引。

Many experiments require early determination of offspring's sex as well as early marking of newborns for individual recognition. According to animal ...

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