Name: transient expression of proteins by hydrodynamic gene delivery in mice
Uploaded: 2014-05-05T16:30:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Transient Expression of Proteins by Hydrodynamic Gene Delivery in Mice at JoVE.com

Vi takker Xia Liu (Regeneron Pharmaceuticals) for oprindelig undervise os HGD teknik og Dr. Russell Thomson (Albert Einstein College of Medicine) for hans stadige vejledning i forskellige aspekter af teknologien. Dette arbejde blev finansieret af Hunter College, CUNY opstart midler, og NSF Brød pris IOS-1.249.166. Vi takker NYULMC Histopathology Core NYUCI Support Grant, NIH / NCI 5 P30CA16087-31 til histologi på muselevere.

Alle eksperimenter er beskrevet her blev godkendt af Institutional Animal Care og brug Udvalg Hunter College, City University of New York. 1. Fremstilling af endotoksin-frit plasmid-DNA <ol><li> Pick en enkelt koloni af bakterier indeholdende genet af interesse i en mammal ekspressionsvektor fra en frisk udstrøget selektiv plade. </li><li> Følg anbefalingerne i håndbogen af ​​en kommercielt tilgængelig endotoksinfri plasmidoprensningsproces kit til dyrkning og høst bakterier. </li...

<ol>
	<li>Liu, F., Song, Y., Liu, D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Hydrodynamics-based+transfection+in+animals+by+systemic+administration+of+plasmid+DNA.">Hydrodynamics-based transfection in animals by systemic administration of plasmid DNA.</a> Gene Ther. 6, 1258-1266 (1999).</li><li>Zhang, G., Budker, V., Wolff, J. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=High+levels+of+foreign+gene+expression+in+hepatocytes+after+tail+vein+injections+of+naked+plasmid+DNA.">High levels of foreign gene expression in hepatocytes after tail vein injections of naked plasmid DNA.</a> Hum Gene Ther. 10, 1735-1737 (1999).</li><li>Miao, C. H., Thompson, A. R., Loeb, K., Ye, X. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Long-term+and+therapeutic-level+hepatic+gene+expression+of+human+factor+IX+after+naked+plasmid+transfer+in+vivo.">Long-term and therapeutic-level hepatic gene expression of human factor IX after naked plasmid transfer in vivo.</a> Mol Ther. 3, 947-957 (2001).</li><li>Magin-Lachmann, C., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=In+vitro+and+in+vivo+delivery+of+intact+BAC+DNA+--+comparison+of+different+methods.">In vitro and in vivo delivery of intact BAC DNA -- comparison of different methods.</a> J Gene Med. 6, 195-209 (2004).</li><li>Chang, J., Sigal, L. J., Lerro, A., Taylor, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Replication+of+the+human+hepatitis+delta+virus+genome+Is+initiated+in+mouse+hepatocytes+following+intravenous+injection+of+naked+DNA+or+RNA+sequences.">Replication of the human hepatitis delta virus genome Is initiated in mouse hepatocytes following intravenous injection of naked DNA or RNA sequences.</a> J Virol. 75, 3469-3473 (2001).</li><li>Giladi, H., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Small+interfering+RNA+inhibits+hepatitis+B+virus+replication+in+mice.">Small interfering RNA inhibits hepatitis B virus replication in mice.</a> Mol Ther. 8, 769-776 (2003).</li><li>Kobayashi, N., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Vector-based+in+vivo+RNA+interference:+dose-+and+time-dependent+suppression+of+transgene+expression.">Vector-based in vivo RNA interference: dose- and time-dependent suppression of transgene expression.</a> J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 308, 688-693 (2004).</li><li>Layzer, J. M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=In+vivo+activity+of+nuclease-resistant+siRNAs.">In vivo activity of nuclease-resistant siRNAs.</a> Rna. 10, 766-771 (2004).</li><li>McCaffrey, A. P., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=RNA+interference+in+adult+mice.">RNA interference in adult mice.</a> Nature. 418, 38-39 (2002).</li><li>McCaffrey, A. P., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Determinants+of+hepatitis+C+translational+initiation+in+vitro,+in+cultured+cells+and+mice.">Determinants of hepatitis C translational initiation in vitro, in cultured cells and mice.</a> Mol Ther. 5, 676-684 (2002).</li><li>McCaffrey, A. P., Meuse, L., Karimi, M., Contag, C. H., Kay, M. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+potent+and+specific+morpholino+antisense+inhibitor+of+hepatitis+C+translation+in+mice.">A potent and specific morpholino antisense inhibitor of hepatitis C translation in mice.</a> Hepatology. 38, 503-508 (2003).</li><li>Zhang, G., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Hydroporation+as+the+mechanism+of+hydrodynamic+delivery.">Hydroporation as the mechanism of hydrodynamic delivery.</a> Gene Ther. 11, 675-682 (2004).</li><li>Kobayashi, N., Kuramoto, T., Yamaoka, K., Hashida, M., Takakura, Y. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Hepatic+uptake+and+gene+expression+mechanisms+following+intravenous+administration+of+plasmid+DNA+by+conventional+and+hydrodynamics-based+procedures.">Hepatic uptake and gene expression mechanisms following intravenous administration of plasmid DNA by conventional and hydrodynamics-based procedures.</a> J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 297, 853-860 (2001).</li><li>Kobayashi, N., Nishikawa, M., Hirata, K., Takakura, Y. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Hydrodynamics-based+procedure+involves+transient+hyperpermeability+in+the+hepatic+cellular+membrane:+implication+of+a+nonspecific+process+in+efficient+intracellular+gene+delivery.">Hydrodynamics-based procedure involves transient hyperpermeability in the hepatic cellular membrane: implication of a nonspecific process in efficient intracellular gene delivery.</a> J Gene Med. 6, 584-592 (2004).</li><li>Bonamassa, B., Hai, L., Liu, D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Hydrodynamic+gene+delivery+and+its+applications+in+pharmaceutical+research.">Hydrodynamic gene delivery and its applications in pharmaceutical research.</a> Pharm Res. 28, 694-701 (2011).</li><li>Al-Dosari, M. S., Gao, X. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Nonviral+gene+delivery:+principle,+limitations,+and+recent+progress.">Nonviral gene delivery: principle, limitations, and recent progress.</a> Aaps J. 11, 671-681 (2009).</li><li>Gao, X., Kim, K. S., Liu, D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Nonviral+gene+delivery:+what+we+know+and+what+is+next.">Nonviral gene delivery: what we know and what is next.</a> Aaps J. 9, (2007).</li><li>Herweijer, H., Wolff, J. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Gene+therapy+progress+and+prospects:+hydrodynamic+gene+delivery.">Gene therapy progress and prospects: hydrodynamic gene delivery.</a> Gene Ther. 14, 99-107 (2007).</li><li>Kobayashi, N., Nishikawa, M., Takakura, Y. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+hydrodynamics-based+procedure+for+controlling+the+pharmacokinetics+of+gene+medicines+at+whole+body,+organ+and+cellular+levels.">The hydrodynamics-based procedure for controlling the pharmacokinetics of gene medicines at whole body, organ and cellular levels.</a> Adv Drug Deliv Rev. 57, 713-731 (2005).</li><li>Al-Dosari, M. S., Knapp, J. E., Liu, D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Hydrodynamic+delivery.">Hydrodynamic delivery.</a> Adv Genet. 54, 65-82 (2005).</li><li>Bell, J. B., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Preferential+delivery+of+the+Sleeping+Beauty+transposon+system+to+livers+of+mice+by+hydrodynamic+injection.">Preferential delivery of the Sleeping Beauty transposon system to livers of mice by hydrodynamic injection.</a> Nat Protoc. 2, 3153-3165 (2007).</li><li>Osorio, F. G., de la Rosa, J., Freije, J. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Luminescence-based+in+vivo+monitoring+of+NF-kappaB+activity+through+a+gene+delivery+approach.">Luminescence-based in vivo monitoring of NF-kappaB activity through a gene delivery approach.</a> Cell Commun Signal. 11, (2013).</li><li>Knapp, J. E., Liu, D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Hydrodynamic+delivery+of+DNA.">Hydrodynamic delivery of DNA.</a> Methods Mol Biol. 245, 245-250 (2004).</li><li>Yang, J., Chen, S., Huang, L., Michalopoulos, G. K., Liu, Y. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Sustained+expression+of+naked+plasmid+DNA+encoding+hepatocyte+growth+factor+in+mice+promotes+liver+and+overall+body+growth.">Sustained expression of naked plasmid DNA encoding hepatocyte growth factor in mice promotes liver and overall body growth.</a> Hepatology. 33, 848-859 (2001).</li><li>Maruyama, H., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=High-level+expression+of+naked+DNA+delivered+to+rat+liver+via+tail+vein+injection.">High-level expression of naked DNA delivered to rat liver via tail vein injection.</a> J Gene Med. 4, 333-341 (2002).</li><li>Hen, G., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Expression+of+foreign+genes+in+chicks+by+hydrodynamics-based+naked+plasmid+transfer+in+vivo.">Expression of foreign genes in chicks by hydrodynamics-based naked plasmid transfer in vivo.</a> Domestic animal endocrinology. 30, 135-143 (2006).</li><li>Eastman, S. J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Development+of+catheter-based+procedures+for+transducing+the+isolated+rabbit+liver+with+plasmid+DNA.">Development of catheter-based procedures for transducing the isolated rabbit liver with plasmid DNA.</a> Hum Gene Ther. 13, 2065-2077 (2002).</li><li>Yoshino, H., Hashizume, K., Kobayashi, E. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Naked+plasmid+DNA+transfer+to+the+porcine+liver+using+rapid+injection+with+large+volume.">Naked plasmid DNA transfer to the porcine liver using rapid injection with large volume.</a> Gene Ther. 13, 1696-1702 (2006).</li><li>Vanden Bossche, P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Some+general+aspects+of+the+distribution+and+epidemiology+of+bovine+trypanosomosis+in+southern+Africa.">Some general aspects of the distribution and epidemiology of bovine trypanosomosis in southern Africa.</a> Int J Parasitol. 31, 592-598 (2001).</li><li>Fevre, E. M., Picozzi, K., Jannin, J., Welburn, S. C., Maudlin, I. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Human+African+trypanosomiasis:+Epidemiology+and+control.">Human African trypanosomiasis: Epidemiology and control.</a> Adv Parasitol. 61, 167-221 (2006).</li><li>Lugli, E. B., Pouliot, M., Portela Mdel, P., Loomis, M. R., Raper, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Characterization+of+primate+trypanosome+lytic+factors.">Characterization of primate trypanosome lytic factors.</a> Mol Biochem Parasitol. 138, 9-20 (2004).</li><li>Pays, E., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+trypanolytic+factor+of+human+serum.">The trypanolytic factor of human serum.</a> Nat Rev Microbiol. 4, 477-486 (2006).</li><li>Raper, J., Fung, R., Ghiso, J., Nussenzweig, V., Tomlinson, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Characterization+of+a+novel+trypanosome+lytic+factor+from+human+serum.">Characterization of a novel trypanosome lytic factor from human serum.</a> Infect Immun. 67, 1910-1916 (1999).</li><li>Vanhamme, L., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Apolipoprotein+L-I+is+the+trypanosome+lytic+factor+of+human+serum.">Apolipoprotein L-I is the trypanosome lytic factor of human serum.</a> Nature. 422, 83-87 (2003).</li><li>Nielsen, M. J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Haptoglobin-related+protein+is+a+high-affinity+hemoglobin-binding+plasma+protein.">Haptoglobin-related protein is a high-affinity hemoglobin-binding plasma protein.</a> Blood. 108, 2846-2849 (2006).</li><li>Molina-Portela Mdel, P., Lugli, P., Recio-Pinto, E., Raper, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Trypanosome+lytic+factor,+a+subclass+of+high-density+lipoprotein,+forms+cation-selective+pores+in+membranes.">Trypanosome lytic factor, a subclass of high-density lipoprotein, forms cation-selective pores in membranes.</a> Mol Biochem Parasitol. 144, 218-226 (2005).</li><li>Perez-Morga, D., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Apolipoprotein+L-I+promotes+trypanosome+lysis+by+forming+pores+in+lysosomal+membranes.">Apolipoprotein L-I promotes trypanosome lysis by forming pores in lysosomal membranes.</a> Science. 309, 469-472 (2005).</li><li>Molina-Portela, M. P., Samanovic, M., Raper, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Distinct+roles+of+apolipoprotein+components+within+the+trypanosome+lytic+factor+complex+revealed+in+a+novel+transgenic+mouse+model.">Distinct roles of apolipoprotein components within the trypanosome lytic factor complex revealed in a novel transgenic mouse model.</a> J Exp Med. 205, 1721-1728 (2008).</li><li>Oli, M. W., Cotlin, L. F., Shiflett, A. M., Hajduk, S. L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Serum+resistance-associated+protein+blocks+lysosomal+targeting+of+trypanosome+lytic+factor+in+Trypanosoma+brucei.">Serum resistance-associated protein blocks lysosomal targeting of trypanosome lytic factor in Trypanosoma brucei.</a> Eukaryot Cell. 5, 132-139 (2006).</li><li>Thomson, R., Molina-Portela, P., Mott, H., Carrington, M., Raper, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Hydrodynamic+gene+delivery+of+baboon+trypanosome+lytic+factor+eliminates+both+animal+and+human-infective+African+trypanosomes.">Hydrodynamic gene delivery of baboon trypanosome lytic factor eliminates both animal and human-infective African trypanosomes.</a> Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 106, 19509-19514 (2009).</li><li>Genovese, G., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Association+of+trypanolytic+ApoL1+variants+with+kidney+disease+in+African+Americans.">Association of trypanolytic ApoL1 variants with kidney disease in African Americans.</a> Science. 329, 841-845 (2010).</li><li>Tzur, S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Missense+mutations+in+the+APOL1+gene+are+highly+associated+with+end+stage+kidney+disease+risk+previously+attributed+to+the+MYH9+gene.">Missense mutations in the APOL1 gene are highly associated with end stage kidney disease risk previously attributed to the MYH9 gene.</a> Hum Genet. 128, 345-350 (2010).</li><li>Suda, T., Gao, X., Stolz, D. B., Liu, D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Structural+impact+of+hydrodynamic+injection+on+mouse+liver.">Structural impact of hydrodynamic injection on mouse liver.</a> Gene Ther. 14, 129-137 (2007).</li></ol>

Når de udføres korrekt, HGD er et bemærkelsesværdigt sikker og effektiv middel til transgen levering. De kritiske trin til vellykket HGD er: 1) at levere den rigtige mængde af DNA i et stort volumen saltvand køretøjet 2) i halevenen på musen 3) på mindre end 8 sekunder. Selv om processen med selve injektionen unægtelig kræver nogle håndelag, succesen af ​​denne seks-anden procedure ofte ligger i omhyggelig forberedelse af forsøget. Mængden af ​​pDNA nødvendig for at op...

Siden sin første beskrivelse af Liu et al. Og Zhang et al. Har hydrodynamisk gen levering (HGD) blevet et uvurderligt værktøj til at studere genfunktion i gnaver modelsystemer 1, 2. Teknikken involverer hurtig injektion (5-7 sek), i en stor mængde (8-12% af kropsvægten) opløsning i halevenen af mus for at fremme anvendelsen af plasmid-DNA af cellerne i målorganer 1, 2. Disse betingelser fører til robust genekspression i leveren og mindre genekspression i nyrer, milt, lunge og hjerte. Injektion af 10 ug pCMV-LacZ plasmid kan transficere så meget som 40% af hepatocytter, hvilket HGD de mest effektive, non-viral, in vivo-genafgivelse metode til dato 1. I modsætning til virale bærere, er pDNA nemt at forberede, ikke fremkalde et immunrespons hos gnavere vært 3 og ikke udgør en sundhedsmæssig risiko ved rekombinerer med udgangeneksogen vira. Hertil kommer, da DNA-molekyler, der leveres af HGD ikke behøver emballage, denne metode er egnet til levering af bakterielle kunstige kromosomer (AKB) så store som 150 kb 4. Andre typer af molekyler, der er blevet leveret af en hydrodynamisk metode omfatter RNA 5-10, morpholinos 11, proteiner 12, 13 og andre små molekyler 12, 14. De fordele og ulemper ved HGD end andre formidlingsmetoder er blevet drøftet i fremragende anmeldelser i litteraturen 15-20 og en række forfattere har givet en detaljeret beskrivelse af proceduren 21-23. Introduktion transgener i mus ved HGD er sikker og effektiv 1-3, 24 og metoden har været anvendt i rotter med tilsvarende succes 25. Med visse ændringer, har proof-of-concept forsøg udført i kyllinger 26, Rabbit 27 og svin 28, selv om in vivo-anvendelsen af denne teknik i større dyr fortsat en udfordring. Når denne metode anvendes, en anden almindelig begrænsning er, at mange af de tilgængelige mammale ekspressionsvektorer mangler komponenter for at opnå en vedvarende højt niveau af genekspression. Ved hjælp af en pCMV-Luc plasmid, genekspression i målorganer er tydelig så tidligt som ti minutter efter HGD dog den første, højekspressions niveau falder kraftigt i den første uge efter injektion 1. Langsigtet transgenekspression er muligt, afhængigt af promotoren og intron anvendes i plasmid design 3, 24 dog, vedligeholdelse af højt niveau genekspression ofte kræver gentagne injektioner. Af denne grund, kan HGD være mindre egnet til at studere kroniske sygdomme, der er et resultat af langvarig udsættelse for skadelige proteiner eller protein produkter. Med disse begrænsninger, HGD er en usædvanlig kraftfuldt værktøj til at studere potielle rolle af et gen og virkningen af det mutanter in vivo, samt terapeutiske virkninger og regulering af proteiner og til etablering af dyremodeller for sygdommen (for gennemgang, se 15). For eksempel kan HGD bruges til at tildele funktion domæner og aminosyrer i proteiner ved individuelt at indføre forskellige genkonstruktioner i mus, der har de respektive gener slået ud. Desuden kan denne teknik anvendes i ethvert musestamme. Denne protokol beskriver HGD i mus med fokus på de tekniske aspekter, der er nødvendige for at opnå en vellykket transfektion: korrekt nål indsættelse i vene, injektionsvolumen og hurtig levering på. Anvendelsen af denne metode er demonstreret i en musemodel af afrikansk trypanosomiasis, en dødelig sygdom for mennesker og husdyr 29, 30. Mens flere arter af trypanosomer forårsage sygdom hos husdyr, kan de fleste ikke forårsage sygdom hos mennesker på grund af medfødte immunforsvar komplekser ibLood kaldet trypanosominfektion lytiske faktorer (TLFs) 29, 31, 32. Disse pore-dannende, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) indeholder to unikke, primat-specifikke proteiner:. HPR, den ligand, hvilket letter optagelsen af TLFs ind trypanosomer og APOL-I, den lytiske komponent 31, 33-38 Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense er i stand til at inficere mennesker på grund udtryk for en serum modstand-associeret protein (SRA), som binder til og neutraliserer human APOL-I 34, 39. Baboon TLF ikke neutraliseret af SRA grund af sin divergerende APOL-I-protein 40. Som rapporteret tidligere, ved hjælp af en mammal ekspressionsvektor (pRG977), transgen ekspression af bavian TLF komponenter i mus giver beskyttelse mod humane infektionssygdomme trypanosomer 40. De repræsentative data, der præsenteres her viser, hvordan hydrodynamisk genafgivelse kan anvendes til at undersøge de terapeutiske virkninger af et protein.

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="615">
	<tbody>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Alcohol Prep Wipe</td>
			<td style="width:113px;">Webcol</td>
			<td align="right" style="width:119px;">6818</td>
			<td style="width:167px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">AST kit, Amplite Colorimetric</td>
			<td style="width:113px;">AAT Bioquest</td>
			<td align="right" style="width:119px;">13801</td>
			<td style="width:167px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Conical Tube, 50 ml</td>
			<td style="width:113px;">BD Falcon</td>
			<td align="right" style="width:119px;">352070</td>
			<td style="width:167px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">EndoFree Plasmid Maxi Kit</td>
			<td style="width:113px;">Qiagen</td>
			<td align="right" style="width:119px;">12362</td>
			<td style="width:167px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">KimWipes</td>
			<td style="width:113px;">KIMTECH</td>
			<td align="right" style="width:119px;">34120</td>
			<td style="width:167px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="41">
			<td height="41" style="height:41px;width:216px;">Mouse Tail Illuminator</td>
			<td style="width:113px;">Braintree Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">MTI RST</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">Or equivalent</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="41">
			<td height="41" style="height:41px;width:216px;">Needle, 20 Gx 1 (0.9mmx25mm)</td>
			<td style="width:113px;">BD</td>
			<td align="right" style="width:119px;">305175</td>
			<td style="width:167px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="41">
			<td height="41" style="height:41px;width:216px;">Needle, 27 Gx 1/2 (0.9mmx25mm)</td>
			<td style="width:113px;">BD</td>
			<td align="right" style="width:119px;">305109</td>
			<td style="width:167px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="61">
			<td height="61" style="height:61px;width:216px;">pRG977 (mammalian expression vector)</td>
			<td style="width:113px;">Regeneron Pharmaceuticals</td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td style="width:167px;">Material Transfer Agreement required</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="41">
			<td height="41" style="height:41px;width:216px;">Sodium Chloride, 0.9% INJ USP 10 ml, Hospira&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:113px;">Fisher</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">NC9054335</td>
			<td style="width:167px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="61">
			<td height="61" style="height:61px;width:216px;">Syringe, 3ml, Luer-Lok Tip</td>
			<td style="width:113px;">BD</td>
			<td align="right" style="width:119px;">309657</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">Luer Lock necessary to withstand pressure from HGD</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

transient expression of proteins by hydrodynamic gene delivery in mice

Effektiv ekspression af transgener in vivo er af afgørende betydning i at studere genfunktioner og udvikle behandlinger for sygdomme. Gennem de seneste år har hydrodynamisk gen levering (HGD) dukket op som en enkel, hurtig, sikker og effektiv metode til at levere transgener i gnavere. Denne teknik er baseret på den kraft, der genereres af hurtig injektion af et stort volumen af ​​fysiologisk opløsning for at forøge permeabiliteten af ​​cellemembraner i perfunderede organer, og levere DNA i celler. En af de vigtigste fordele ved HGD er evnen til at indføre transgener i mammale celler ved anvendelse af nøgent plasmid-DNA (pDNA). Indførelse af et eksogent gen ved hjælp af en plasmid er minimalt besværlig, højeffektive og i modsætning til virale bærere bemærkelsesværdigt sikker. HGD blev oprindeligt anvendt til at levere gener ind i mus, er det nu anvendes til at levere en lang række stoffer, herunder oligonukleotider, kunstige kromosomer, RNA, proteiner og små molekyler til mus, rotterog i et begrænset omfang, andre dyr. Denne protokol beskriver HGD i mus og fokuserer på tre centrale aspekter af den metode, der er afgørende for at udføre proceduren med succes: korrekt isætning af nålen i venen, mængden af ​​indsprøjtning og hastigheden af ​​leverancen. Eksempler er givet for at vise anvendelsen af ​​denne fremgangsmåde til transient ekspression af to gener, der koder secernerede, primat-specifikke proteiner, apolipoprotein LI (APOL-I) og haptoglobin-beslægtet protein (HPR).

Korrekt placering af nålen i halevenen af mus (som illustreret i figur 1) er en forudsætning for en vellykket levering af et transgen af hydrodynamik baseret transfektion. Ofte den mest udfordrende del af teknikken er imidlertid fastholdelse af nålen i halevenen uden bevægelse, således at hele mængden af ​​injektionen kan leveres inden for 6-8 s periode. Mindre fejl under injektion kan resultere i stærkt reduceret transfektionseffektivitet og proteinekspression. Derfor er det bydende nødvend...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Transient Expression of Proteins by Hydrodynamic Gene Delivery in Mice at JoVE.com

Transient Expression of Proteins by Hydrodynamic Gene Delivery in Mice

Forbigående ekspression af proteiner ved Hydrodynamisk Gene Delivery i mus

In vivo transfektion af nøgent DNA ved hydrodynamisk genlevering indføres gener i væv i et dyr med minimal inflammatorisk reaktion. Genereres tilstrækkelige mængder af gen-produkt, således at gen-funktion og regulering samt proteiners struktur og funktion kan analyseres.

Efficient expression of transgenes in vivo is of critical importance in studying gene function and developing treatments for diseases. Over the past ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Biology

The Preparation of Primary Hematopoietic Cell Cultures From Murine Bone Marrow for Electroporation

It is becoming increasingly apparent that electroporation is the most effective way to introduce plasmid DNA or siRNA into primary cells. The Gene Pulser ...

Staining of Proteins in Gels with Coomassie G-250 without Organic Solvent and Acetic Acid

In classical protein staining protocols using Coomassie Brilliant Blue (CBB), solutions with high contents of toxic and flammable organic solvents ...

Using the Gene Pulser MXcell Electroporation System to Transfect Primary Cells with High Efficiency

Using an Automated Cell Counter to Simplify Gene Expression Studies: siRNA Knockdown of IL-4 Dependent Gene Expression in Namalwa Cells

The use of siRNA mediated gene knockdown is continuing to be an important tool in studies of gene expression.  siRNA studies are being conducted not only ...

Paraffin-Embedded and Frozen Sections of Drosophila Adult Muscles

Paraffin-Embedded and Frozen Sections of Drosophila Adult Muscles

The molecular characterization of muscular dystrophies and myopathies in humans has revealed the complexity of muscle disease and genetic analysis of ...

In vitro Reconstitution of the Active T. castaneum Telomerase

In vitro Reconstitution of the Active T. castaneum Telomerase

Efforts to isolate the catalytic subunit of telomerase, TERT, in sufficient quantities for structural studies, have been met with limited success for more ...

Efficient Agroinfiltration of Plants for High-level Transient Expression of Recombinant Proteins

Effektiv Agroinfiltration af planter til højt niveau transient ekspression af rekombinante proteiner

Mammalian cell culture is the major platform for commercial production of human vaccines and therapeutic proteins. However, it cannot meet the increasing ...

Analysis of Global RNA Synthesis at the Single Cell Level following Hypoxia

Analyse af Global RNA-syntese på enkelt celle niveau efter Hypoxia

Hypoxia or lowering of the oxygen availability is involved in many physiological and pathological processes. At the molecular level, cells initiate a ...